散文佳作108篇 第77期:In the Pursuit of a Haunting and Timeless Truth追尋一段永世難忘的史實(shí)

追尋一段永世難忘的史實(shí)

Pauline Kael

波琳·凱爾

Louis Malle's Au Revoir les Enfants" (or "Goodbye, Children") is set in Occupied France in 1944,when Malle was an eleven-year-old at a Catholic boys' boarding school near Fontainebleau thatsheltered several Jewish boys. The Gestapo learned they were there, and sent the ones theyfound to Auschwitz , and the headmaster to a work camp c4J One of the Jewish boyswas inMalle's class, but Malle didn't get to know him well and didn't realizethat he was Jewish. For thedramatic purposes of the movie, he has conceived a close friendship between his alter ego,the fairhaired Julien Quentin(Gaspard Manesse), and the dark boy who is using the false nameJean Bonnet (Raphael Fejto). Malle has every right to fantasize and invent, but I'm puzzled bythe kind of fantasizing he does here. The First half of the film is so hushed and enervated thatI kept peering into the schoolyard looking for signs of life. It's full of wealthy boys at play;they're even there on stilts,battling and falling down. But their games-which might clue us intotheir ruling-class assumptions and their snobbery and the limits of their understanding-areshown at a distance. The camera is so discreet it always seems about ten feet too far away,and the boy who plays Julien is directed so that he never engages us; we can't look into him, orinto anyone else.

路易·馬爾執(zhí)導(dǎo)的《再見(jiàn)，孩子們》以1944年的法國(guó)被占區(qū)為背景，當(dāng)時(shí)他11歲，在楓丹白露附近一所天主教辦的寄宿男校上學(xué)。學(xué)校藏下了好幾個(gè)猶太孩子。蓋世太保探知他們的下落，把搜出來(lái)的送往奧斯維辛，校長(zhǎng)發(fā)配勞動(dòng)營(yíng)。孩子當(dāng)中有一個(gè)就在馬爾班上，不過(guò)馬爾跟他不熟，也沒(méi)看出他是猶太人。在電影里，為求得戲劇性的效果，馬爾虛構(gòu)了自己的化身—金發(fā)少年朱利安·昆廷(加斯帕德·馬內(nèi)斯飾)——和化名讓·博內(nèi)的深膚色男孩(拉斐爾·費(fèi)日托飾)之間的親密友情。馬爾有充分的權(quán)利進(jìn)行想象和虛構(gòu)，但我對(duì)他在這里做出的這種想象大惑不解。影片的前半部抑悶不張，軟弱無(wú)力，我禁不住朝校園里不斷張望，尋找生氣。滿(mǎn)園都是富家子弟在玩耍;他們還踩起了高蹺，互相打斗又摔倒在地。但是，他們的嬉戲——本可以向我們揭示一下他們身上那副統(tǒng)治階級(jí)的裝腔作勢(shì)、那份勢(shì)利眼和見(jiàn)識(shí)短淺——都拍成了遠(yuǎn)景。攝影機(jī)太小心謹(jǐn)慎了，總像是遠(yuǎn)了十來(lái)英尺;飾朱利安的小演員讓導(dǎo)演導(dǎo)得毫不動(dòng)人;我們看不到他的內(nèi)心活動(dòng)，也看不到別人的。

As the story is presented, Julien, who is quick, grasps almost at once that this new boy, JeanBonnet, is an impostor, who isn't really Catholic; Julien catches Jean standing by his bed atnight, praying silently, with two lighted candles, and Julien rummages in Jean's books anddiscovers that his realname is the German-sounding Jean Kippelstein. Julien is the only boy inthe class who offers Jean friendship; the others play tricks on Jean and gang upon him, becausehe's different-he's not one of them. Julien, who knows how different Jean actually is, keeps hisdiscovery to himself. He and Jeanare the two brightest boys in the class; they both love toread, and they become best friends. This is a rather moist fantasy of Julien's virtue; it'seventually mixed with a fantasy self-accusation of guilt. When the Gestapo chief comes intothe classroom asking for Jean Kippelstein, the scared, nervous Julien involuntarily turns andlooks at his friend-it's a Judas kiss ,but an unintentional one. And Jean exonerates him: whenhe is packing his gear to go with the Gestapo men, he tells Julien that it didn't matter, that theNazis would have caught him anyway.

燭，立在床邊默默祈禱;他翻看讓的課本，發(fā)現(xiàn)他的真名叫讓·基普爾斯坦，聽(tīng)音是個(gè)德國(guó)姓。朱利安是班上惟一待他友好的同學(xué);別人都捉弄他，合伙欺負(fù)他，因?yàn)樗灰粯?mdash;—跟他們不一路。朱利安明知這不一樣的真情，把親瞍所見(jiàn)藏在心底。他和讓是班上兩名最聰明的學(xué)生;他倆都喜歡讀書(shū)，還成了最要好的朋友。這里是說(shuō)朱利安的善良，想象中很有幾分傷感;到最后更添了一層，想象他因負(fù)疚而自責(zé)。只見(jiàn)蓋世太保的頭子走進(jìn)教室，來(lái)要讓·基普爾斯坦，張皇失措的朱利安不由自主轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)臉去看了看他的朋友——豈不正是猶大之吻，但并非存心所為。讓并不記恨他：他收拾好東西跟蓋世太保走，一面對(duì)朱利安說(shuō)沒(méi)什么，反正納粹會(huì)抓到他的。

In the finest scene of the movie, Jean shakes hands with the boys near him just before he'staken away; it's a well-brought-up young boy's leavetaking,and nothing has prepared you for it.But throughout Lrean is used as an aesthetic objea-spiritual, sensitive, foreign . He's oftenshot in profile, with his lips parted, and in one scene he goes to Mass with the other boys andtilts his face, open-mouthed-almost yearning-to receive the holy wafer, whichm is denied him bythe Reverend Father, the headmaster. Is the boy merely seeking acceptance by the otherboys-is he just trying to pass as one of them-or is something else implied? The whole movieseems padded and muted, it's designed to make you understand that Julien is stricken by thehorror of what happens to his friend. But nothing in it comes into clear focus-not the boys'attitudes, not even the images (and certainly not a lengthy sequence in which the two boysare on a treasure hunt in Fontainebleau Forest).

影片有一場(chǎng)精彩之至。讓即將被人帶走，他與身邊的同學(xué)一一握手;一個(gè)很有教養(yǎng)的少年跟人話(huà)別的做派，事先未做任何鋪墊。但讓自始至終都用來(lái)充當(dāng)一個(gè)審美的對(duì)象——超凡脫俗，有靈性，希罕。他往往拍成雙唇微啟的側(cè)面形象，有一場(chǎng)戲是他隨同學(xué)去做彌撒，他仰起臉，張著嘴——幾乎是渴望著——去領(lǐng)神父大人即校長(zhǎng)并沒(méi)有賜給他的圣餅。這孩子是否只求同學(xué)收下他——只求把他當(dāng)自己人，還是其中別有寓意呢?整部影片顯得沉悶壓抑，意在要你理解朱利安因見(jiàn)朋友慘遭不幸而深感痛心。不過(guò)，影片中一切都看不真切——同學(xué)的態(tài)度如此，就連圖像也如此(兩個(gè)孩子在楓丹白露森林里尋寶的那一長(zhǎng)段穿插，自然也是如此)。

Malle has said that this is the most personal and important film of his career,and I believe thathe thinks that. I also believe that he's wrong. If "Au Revoir"is very personal to him, this may bebecause as an adult he has felt stricken by the recognition that he wasn't stricken then, and itmay involve his feelings of guilt over his own family's safety and prosperity-everything thatthe film barely touches on.

馬爾曾說(shuō)，這是他導(dǎo)演生涯中最富自傳色彩也是最重要的一部影片。我認(rèn)為他是這樣想的。我又認(rèn)為他并沒(méi)有說(shuō)對(duì)。如果說(shuō)他自認(rèn)《再見(jiàn)》一片極富于自傳色彩，那也許是因?yàn)樗赡旰笳J(rèn)識(shí)到當(dāng)年未感痛心，因而一直深感痛心，其中也許還夾有他自己的家庭當(dāng)年安富尊榮因而每每?jī)?nèi)疚于心——這一切在影片中倒是甚少觸及。

Malle has said of "Au Revoir." "I reinvented the past in the pursuit of a haunting and timelesstruth." Maybe that's why I felt as if I were watching a faded French classic, something I dimlyrecalled. In pursuit of haunting and timeless truth, Malle has gone back to the anti-Nazi moviesof the forties,and polished and formalized the actions until he's turned melodrama into politereverie.

對(duì)《再見(jiàn)》馬爾說(shuō)過(guò)：“我這樣舊事新編，是在追尋一段永世難忘的史實(shí)。”難怪我覺(jué)得像是在看一部退了色的法國(guó)經(jīng)典片，依稀中似曾相識(shí)，恐怕就是這個(gè)緣故。馬爾在追尋永世難忘的史實(shí)中回到40年代那些反納粹的電影，他對(duì)劇情加工潤(rùn)色，自成一格，終于把情節(jié)劇變成了文雅的幻想曲。

Yes, it gets to you by the end. How could it not? But you may feel pretty wom down-by howaccomplished it is, and by all the aching, tender shots of Jean. He's photographed as if hewere a piece of religious art: Christ in his early adolesence. There's something unseemly aboutthe movie's obsession with his exotic beauty-as if the French-German Jews had come from thefar side of the moon. And does he have to be so brilliant, and a gifted pianist, andcourageous? Would the audience not mourn him if he were just an average schmucky kid withpimples?

不錯(cuò)，你看到劇終正是這般感受。豈有他哉?但你也許會(huì)感到疲憊不堪——就為它技法如此精湛，就為讓有那么些凄楚動(dòng)人的鏡頭。他攝下的形象猶如一件宗教藝術(shù)品：少年時(shí)期的基督。影片一味醉心于他的異族情調(diào)之美，總不那么妥當(dāng)吧——仿佛法德兩國(guó)的猶太人都是來(lái)自天外的月球。再說(shuō)，他難道就非如此光彩照人不可嗎，又有彈鋼琴的天賦，又能臨危不懼?他若只是個(gè)普普通通、呆頭呆腦的孩子，長(zhǎng)一臉雀斑，觀眾難道就不哀其不幸了嗎?