語(yǔ)文常識(shí)翻譯：你不得不知道的14個(gè)歷史“第一”

1. 第一位女詩(shī)人是：蔡琰(蔡文姬)

The first Chinese female poet: Cai Yan,her style name (字) is Wenji

2. 第一位女詞人是：李清照

The first female poet of lyric Chinese poetry Ci: Li Qingzhao，pseudonym Yi’an Jushi (號(hào) 易安居士)

3. 第一部詞典是：爾雅

The earliest Chinese dictionary： Erya

Chinese scholars interpret the first title character er (爾："you, your") as a phonetic loan character for the homophonous er (邇： "near; close; approach"), and believe the second ya (雅; "proper; correct; refined; elegant") refers to words or language.

爾雅這個(gè)名字的傳統(tǒng)解釋是，爾是“近”的意思，雅是“正統(tǒng)、規(guī)范”的意思，指在語(yǔ)音語(yǔ)法詞匯方面符合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

4. 第一部大百科全書(shū)是：永樂(lè)大典

The earliest general encyclopedia：The Yongle Encyclopedia，commissioned by the Chinese Ming Dynasty emperor Yongle in 1403 and completed by 1408. (1403年由明成祖朱棣下令編撰，1408年成書(shū))

5. 第一部詩(shī)歌總集是：詩(shī)經(jīng)

The earliest existing collection of Chinese poems and songs：The Book of Songs / The Classic of Poetry / The Book of Odes

6. 第一部文選：昭明文選

The first collections of Chinese poetry: Wen Xuan (Selected Literature), also known asZhao Ming Wen Xuan.

It was compiled by Xiao Tong, the eldest son of Emperor Wu of Liang, and a group of scholars he had assembled. After Xiao Tong’s death he was given the posthumous name Zhao Ming (outstanding, remarkable)

文選由梁朝太子蕭統(tǒng)主持編撰，死后謚號(hào)昭明。

7. 第一部字典：說(shuō)文解字

"Explaining Simple and Analyzing Compound Characters"，the first Chinese dictionary to analyze the structure of the characters and to give the rationale behind them, as well as the first to use the principle of organization by sections with shared components, called radicals.

說(shuō)文解字是第一部分析字形結(jié)構(gòu)、給出造字依據(jù)的字典，也是第一部按部首編排的字典。

8. 第一部神話集：山海經(jīng)

The first collection of mythology： Shan Hai Jing, a fabled geographical and cultural account of pre-Qin China.

9. 第一部文言志人小說(shuō)集：世說(shuō)新語(yǔ)

The first book of anecdotes and character sketches written in classical Chinese: A New Account of the Tales of the World

10. 第一部文言志怪小說(shuō)集：搜神記

In Search of the Supernatural：the first compilation of legends, short stories and hearsay concerning spirits, ghosts and other supernatural phenomena written in classical Chinese.

11. 第一部紀(jì)傳體通史：史記

The first biographical general history of China: Records of the Grand Historian

12. 第一部編年體史書(shū)是：春秋

The earliest chronicle of China: The Spring and Autumn Annals

13. 第一部斷代史：漢書(shū)

The first dynastic history: Book of Han

14. 第一部兵書(shū)：孫子兵法

The earliest Chinese military treatise: The Art of War