取名的重要性：名字會(huì)影響你的相貌！

Choosing a name for a child is often a headache for parents, but new research shows that picking well could be more crucial than previously thought.

為孩子取名字對(duì)于父母而言通常都是件頭疼事，但是新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，取個(gè)好名字比你原想的還要重要。

● crucial /'kru??(?)l/ adj. 至關(guān)重要的;關(guān)鍵性的

Academics have found that your first name actually changes the way you look, a phenomenon dubbed ‘The Dorian Gray’ effect, after Oscar Wilde’s eponymous hero.

學(xué)者們發(fā)現(xiàn)，事實(shí)上你的名字能改變你的長(zhǎng)相，這一現(xiàn)象被稱為“道林·格雷效應(yīng)”，得名于奧斯卡·王爾德筆下的小說(shuō)人物道林·格雷。

● dubbed是dub的過(guò)去分詞 dub /'d?bd/ 被稱為;被稱作;授予稱號(hào)e

● eponymous /?'pɑ?n?m?s/ adj. (與書、戲劇、電影等)同名的

圖片來(lái)源：電影《道林·格雷的畫像》

Just as Gray’s wicked deeds were etched onto the facial features of his portrait, so the cultural stereotypes linked to a name come to be written on the faces of their bearers.

正如格雷的樁樁惡行反映在了他的肖像中，和一個(gè)名字相關(guān)的文化成見(jiàn)也會(huì)表現(xiàn)在名字主人的臉上。

● wicked /'w?k?d/ adj. 壞的;邪惡的;缺德的

● deed /di?d/ n. 行為;事跡;[法]契約

● etch /et?/ v. 蝕刻;銘刻;鮮明地描述;流露出

● portrait /'p??rtr?t/ n. 肖像;畫像;描寫

● stereotype /'steri?ta?p/ n. 模式化觀念;典型;老一套;鉛版

● bearer /'be?r?(r)/ n.搬運(yùn)者;承載者;轎夫

For example someone called ‘Bob’ is expected by society to have a rounder more jovial face than a man called ‘Tim’. That expectation eventually leads ‘Bobs’ to become more gregarious and jolly, while ‘Tims’ may appear more pinched and reserved.

例如，社會(huì)期待一個(gè)名叫“鮑勃”的人比名叫“蒂姆”的人臉更圓更樂(lè)呵。這一期待最終會(huì)導(dǎo)致叫“鮑勃”的人更合群更快活，而叫“蒂姆”的人顯得更縮頭縮腦、更保守。

● jovial /'d?o?vi?l/ adj. 快活的;高興的;愉快的

● gregarious /ɡr?'ɡeri?s/ adj. 愛(ài)社交的;群居的

● jolly /'d?ɑ?li/ adj. 愉快的;快樂(lè)的

● pinched /p?nt?t/ adj. 壓緊的;收縮的;病懨懨的

The connection may be linked to the ’bouba-kiki’ effect which suggests that across languages, more bulbous smoother objects are labelled with rounded ’bouba’ sounds, while thinner spikier objects have ’kiki’ sounds.

這一聯(lián)系可能和bouba-kiki效應(yīng)有關(guān)，根據(jù)該效應(yīng)，各種語(yǔ)言中更圓更光滑的東西的名字的發(fā)音都更“圓”，與bouba的音相近，而更細(xì)長(zhǎng)更尖的東西名字發(fā)音和kiki的音相近。

● bulbous /'b?lb?s/ adj. 球根的;球根狀的;由球根生長(zhǎng)的

● spikier /'spa?ki/ adj. 道釘一般的;尖的;釘滿釘子的;易動(dòng)怒的

● Bouba/Kiki效應(yīng)是指腦會(huì)在詞語(yǔ)和形狀之間建立聯(lián)系。

Likewise ‘Winstons’ are perceived as fairly glum, while ‘Marys’ are considered to be moral, both traits which may alter countenance, and over time, change face shape.

同樣，名叫溫斯頓的人會(huì)被認(rèn)為是一個(gè)憂郁的人，而名叫“瑪麗”的人則被看作是道德高尚的人，這兩種品質(zhì)會(huì)改變一個(gè)人的容貌，時(shí)間久了，還會(huì)改變臉型。

● glum /ɡl?m/ adj. 悶悶不樂(lè)的;陰郁的;陰沉的

● traits /t're?ts/ n. 特征;特點(diǎn)(名詞trait的復(fù)數(shù)形式)

● countenance /'ka?nt?n?ns/ n. 面容;面部表情;支持

And a woman named ‘Katherine’ is considered to be more serious and dependable than a girl named ‘Bonnie’. Such cultural expectations may encourage ‘Katherines’ to be more studious and academic, which could gradually influence the development of facial muscles, perhaps through increased concentration.

而一個(gè)名叫“凱瑟琳”的女人則被認(rèn)為比名叫“邦妮”的人更認(rèn)真更可靠。這樣的文化期待會(huì)鼓勵(lì)名叫“凱瑟琳”的人更勤奮、更熱衷學(xué)術(shù)，并會(huì)逐漸影響臉部肌肉的發(fā)育，這也許是長(zhǎng)時(shí)間集中注意力的緣故。

● studious /'stu?di?s/ adj. 好學(xué)的;努力的;用心的;仔細(xì)的;有意的

"Prior research has shown there are cultural stereotypes attached to names, including how someone should look,” said lead author Dr Yonat Zwebner, of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.

該研究的首席作者、來(lái)自耶路撒冷希伯萊大學(xué)的約拿.齊維布納博士說(shuō)：“先前的研究顯示，和名字相關(guān)的文化成見(jiàn)一直存在，這其中就包括叫某個(gè)名字的人應(yīng)該長(zhǎng)什么樣。”

“For instance, people are more likely to imagine a person named Bob to have a rounder face than a person named Tim. We believe these stereotypes can, over time, affect people’s facial appearance."

“例如，在大多數(shù)人的想象中，名叫鮑勃的人比名叫蒂姆的人臉長(zhǎng)得更圓。我們相信，時(shí)間久了，這些成見(jiàn)會(huì)改變?nèi)说拿嫒荨?rdquo;

To find out if face shape was linked to name, researchers conducted eight studies to see it was possible for strangers to correctly identify the names of people simply by looking at their faces.

為了弄清楚臉型是否和名字有關(guān)聯(lián)，研究人員開(kāi)展了8項(xiàng)研究，看陌生人能否只靠看臉就能準(zhǔn)確把臉和名字對(duì)上號(hào)。

In every experiment, the participants were significantly better (up to 40 percent accurate) at matching the name to the face than random chance (20 - 25 percent accurate) even when ethnicity, age and other socioeconomic variables were controlled for.

在每個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)中，即便是在種族、年齡和其他社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)變量可控制的情況下，參與者的配對(duì)準(zhǔn)確率(40%)比隨機(jī)配對(duì)的準(zhǔn)確率(20-25%)明顯更高。

● ethnicity /eθ'n?s?ti/ n. 種族劃分;屬于少數(shù)民族

● variables /'ve?ri?blz/ n. 變量 名詞variable的復(fù)數(shù)形式.

"Together, these findings suggest that facial appearance represents social expectations of how a person with a particular name should look. In this way, a social tag may influence one’s facial appearance," said co-author Dr Ruth Mayo.

共同作者露絲.馬由博士說(shuō)：“總而言之，這些發(fā)現(xiàn)告訴我們，容貌可以代表社會(huì)對(duì)某些特定名字人的期待。通過(guò)這種方式，社會(huì)標(biāo)簽可能會(huì)對(duì)一個(gè)人的容貌造成影響。”