漲姿勢(shì)，世界上寓意最多的花，你知道多少??！

1. ANEMONE (/?'nem?n?/)

銀蓮花

The anemone is also known as the windflower. Indeed, the word anemone, first attested in English in the mid-1500s, probably comes from a Greek word literally meaning “daughter of the wind.” It’s said that the brightly colored petals of this flower only opened when the wind blew. Sea anemones took their names in the late 1700s on their likeness to the flowers.

銀蓮花也被稱為風(fēng)之花。事實(shí)上，anemone是在16世紀(jì)中葉首次出現(xiàn)在英語(yǔ)中的，它可能起源于一個(gè)希臘單詞，意思是“風(fēng)的女兒”。據(jù)說(shuō)，明媚鮮艷的銀蓮花只有在風(fēng)吹過(guò)時(shí)才會(huì)綻放。因?yàn)殂y蓮花和?？袔追窒嗨?，到18世紀(jì)末期時(shí)，人們將海葵(一種長(zhǎng)在水中的食肉動(dòng)物)稱為sea anemone。
 

2. AMARYLLIS (/,æm?'r?l?s/)

朱頂紅

In the pastoral poems of Theocritus, Ovid, and Virgil, Amaryllis was a common name for a beautiful country girl. Carl Linnaeus, the father of modern taxonomy, adopted Amaryllis for this flower family in the late 1700s. The name Amaryllis may derive from a Greek verb meaning to “sparkle” or “shine”, fitting for the rich red veins that pop out from the long white petals of these flowers.

在忒俄克里托斯、奧維德和維吉爾的田園詩(shī)歌中，Amaryllis是美麗鄉(xiāng)村女孩的常見(jiàn)名字。18世紀(jì)晚期，現(xiàn)代分類學(xué)之父卡爾.林奈為這種花取名Amaryllis。Amaryllis這個(gè)名字可能源于一個(gè)希臘動(dòng)詞，意為“閃耀”或“發(fā)光”，與這些長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的白色花瓣中綻放出的豐潤(rùn)的紅色紋理的花很相配。
 

3. CARNATION (/kα: 'ne??(?)n/)

康乃馨

There are two etymologies for carnation, a term found in English in the early 1500s. According to one, carnation may be a corruption of coronation, perhaps because the flower’s toothed petals resembled crowns or because the flowers were worn, crown-like, as garlands. The second etymology comes from the flower’s original color, and roots carnation in the Middle French carnation, “pink complexion”, from the Latin root caro, “flesh”, source of less delicate words like carnal and carnage.

康乃馨在16世紀(jì)初期出現(xiàn)在英語(yǔ)中，關(guān)于carnation的詞源有兩種說(shuō)法。其中一種說(shuō)法認(rèn)為，carnation可能是coronation(加冕禮)的變體，可能是因?yàn)榭的塑暗匿忼X狀花瓣好像皇冠，又或者是因?yàn)槿藗儼堰@種像皇冠的花當(dāng)花環(huán)佩戴。第二種說(shuō)法與康乃馨的原色有關(guān)，認(rèn)為carnation這個(gè)名字來(lái)自中古法語(yǔ)carnation(粉紅的氣色)，這個(gè)單詞的拉丁語(yǔ)詞根是caro(肉欲)，與carnal(肉欲的)、carnage(大屠殺)等不太好聽(tīng)的單詞詞根相同。
 

4. CHRYSANTHEMUM (/kr?'sænθ?m?m/)

菊花

True to their etymology, chrysanthemums often bloom in striking gold. The word chrysanthemum, emerging in English in the late 1500s, comes from the Greek krysanthemon, meaning “gold flower”. The first component, krysos (“gold”), shows up in the biological term chrysalis. The second, anthos (“flower”), appears, among other words, in anthology, literally “a collection of flowers,” first used for a compilation of small poems in the early 1600s.

與其詞源一致，Chrysanthemum通常開(kāi)出醒目的金黃色花朵。Chrysanthemum在16世紀(jì)末期傳入英語(yǔ)，這個(gè)單詞源于希臘語(yǔ)krysanthemon，意為金色的花朵。第一個(gè)組成部分krysos意為“金色的”，是形容蝶蛹的生物學(xué)術(shù)語(yǔ)。Anthos表示“花朵”，它也是anthology的詞根。Anthology意為 “鮮花大全”，最早在17世紀(jì)初期時(shí)被用來(lái)表示短詩(shī)集。
 

5. DAISY (/'de?z?/)

雛菊

The word daisy has deep roots in the English language. As attested to in some of English’s earliest records, daisy comes from the Old English phrase dgesege: the “day’s eye,” as the flower’s white petals close at dusk and open at dawn, like the eye of the day as it sleeps and wakes.

Daisy這個(gè)詞在英語(yǔ)中有著很深的淵源。根據(jù)一些英語(yǔ)相關(guān)的早期記載，Daisy來(lái)自于古英語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)dgesege，意思是“日之眼”。白色的雛菊黎明花開(kāi)，黃昏花謝，就像我們的眼睛一樣每天睡去醒來(lái)。
 

6. FORGET-ME-NOT

勿忘我

The name forget-me-not was a direct translation from the Old French ne m’oubliez mye (“do not forget me”). Renaissance romantics believed that, if they wore these soft-colored flowers, they would never be forgotten by their lovers, making the flower a symbol of fidelity and everlasting love. Other languages also translated ne m’oubliez mye: For this flower, German has Vergissmeinnicht, Swedish has forgatmigej, and Czech has nezabudka.

“勿忘我”這個(gè)名字是來(lái)自古老的法語(yǔ)“不要忘記我”的直接翻譯。文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期的浪漫主義者認(rèn)為，如果他們戴著這些柔和的花朵，他們永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)被他們的情人遺忘，這使花成為忠誠(chéng)和永恒愛(ài)情的象征。其他語(yǔ)言也被翻譯成“不要忘記我”，在德語(yǔ)中是Vergissmeinnicht，瑞典語(yǔ)中是forgatmigej，捷克語(yǔ)中是nezabudka。
 

7. LUPINES (/'lju:pin/)

魯冰花

The tall, tapering blue clusters of lupines certainly don’t look like their etymology: lupinus, a Latin adjective for “wolf”. So why the fierce name? Perhaps the flowers were once thought to deplete the ground in which they grow, devouring its nutrients like a wolf. This is likely folk etymology, though, as lupines actually enrich the soil and have long been harvested for their nutritious seeds.

魯冰花的詞源lupinus是拉丁語(yǔ)中狼的形容詞，這種高高的、錐形的藍(lán)色花束和其詞源并不相像。那為何是一個(gè)如此兇悍的名字呢?也許這些花曾經(jīng)被認(rèn)為會(huì)耗盡它們生長(zhǎng)的土地，像狼一樣吞噬它們的營(yíng)養(yǎng)。不過(guò)，這可能是民間的詞源，因?yàn)轸敱▽?shí)際上能夠讓土壤肥沃，而且長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)它們的營(yíng)養(yǎng)豐富的種子都能豐收。
 

8. ORCHID (/'?:k?d/)

蘭花

Orchids are a diverse family of extremely elegant flowers, but the literal meaning of their name, documented in English in the early 1840s, is a bit earthier, shall we say. Orchid comes from the Greek orkhis, meaning “testicle”. The flower’s bulbous roots, often paired, have long been thought to resemble those male organs.

蘭科植物(orchid)都非常優(yōu)雅，但是它們的名字直譯過(guò)來(lái)卻有點(diǎn)粗俗。據(jù)記載，蘭花的英文名orchid出現(xiàn)在19世紀(jì)40年代，這還是比較早的。Orchid來(lái)自希臘語(yǔ)orkhis，也就是“睪丸”的意思。由于蘭花的球莖根通常是成對(duì)的，長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)，人們一直認(rèn)為其和男性睪丸相似。
 

9. PEONY (/'pi: ?n?/)

牡丹

The peony, a word found in Old English, was believed to have healing properties in early medicine, which is why its name might honor Paion, the physician of the gods in Greek mythology.

牡丹的英文名peony起源于古英語(yǔ)，在早期醫(yī)學(xué)中，人們認(rèn)為牡丹具有療傷功效，因此，可能根據(jù)希臘神話中眾神的醫(yī)生Paion，將其命名為peony。
 

10. RHODODENDRON (/,r??d?'dendr(?)n/)

杜鵑

Like many other flower names, rhododendron enters the English record in the mid-1500s. The name literally means “rose tree” in Greek (rhodon means and is related to the word “rose”). It’s an apt name, for this shrub or small tree blooms with brilliant, rose-colored flowers.

和其他眾多鮮花名一樣，rhododendron(杜鵑)是16世紀(jì)中葉傳入英語(yǔ)中的。Rhododendron在希臘語(yǔ)中的意思是“玫瑰樹(shù)”( rhodon意思和玫瑰相關(guān))。這個(gè)名字非常貼切，因?yàn)檫@種像小樹(shù)一樣的灌木植物能開(kāi)出鮮艷的玫瑰色花朵。
 

11. TULIP (/'tju: l?p/)

郁金香

Passing into English via Dutch or German in the late 1500s, tulip actually comes from the Turkish tülbent, based on the Persian dulband: “turban”. The flower, to its ancient namers, resembled the male headwear worn throughout the Middle East, India, and parts of Africa. The word turban also comes from this Persian dulband.

16世紀(jì)晚期，tulip(郁金香)從荷蘭語(yǔ)或德語(yǔ)中傳入英語(yǔ)，這個(gè)單詞實(shí)際上源自于土耳其語(yǔ)tülbent，它來(lái)自于波斯語(yǔ)dulband，指“穆斯林的頭巾”。按照郁金香古代名字的意思，這種花好像中東、印度以及非洲部分地區(qū)男性的頭飾。頭巾(turban)這個(gè)詞也源自波斯語(yǔ)dulband。
 

12. VIOLET (/'va??l?t/)

紫羅蘭

Before we had the color violet, recorded by the late 1300s, we had the flower violet, emerging some decades earlier in the same century. Violet grows out of the French violete or violette, a diminutive of viole, in turn the Latin viola, its name for this distinctively purple flower. This viola has no etymological relationship to the instrument. Some scholars suspect Latin got viola from the Greek name for the plant, ion.

紫色(violet)這個(gè)單詞在14世紀(jì)末期才有記載，而在此之前幾十年，violet就指代紫羅蘭鮮花。Violet來(lái)自于法語(yǔ)中的 violete或violette，它們是viole的指小詞，而viole來(lái)自于拉丁語(yǔ)單詞 viola，也就是拉丁語(yǔ)中對(duì)這種獨(dú)特的紫色花朵的稱呼。拉丁文viola和提琴這種樂(lè)器毫無(wú)關(guān)系。一些學(xué)者認(rèn)為，viola來(lái)自于希臘語(yǔ)中對(duì)紫羅蘭這種植物的稱呼 ion。
 

小伙伴們~你們還知道其他花名的起源嗎?你最愛(ài)哪種花?歡迎留言分享!