走進劍橋大學(xué) 第3期:古老的建筑

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古老的建筑

It is a commonplace remark that Cambridge as a town contrasts unfavorably with Oxford, and an acute American writer, himself an alumnus of Trinity College, has gone so far as to describe it as, of all English provincial towns, the most insignificant, the dullest, and the ugliest.

常聽人說，劍橋市根本就不能和牛津市相比。一位激進的美國作家甚至過分地說，在英格蘭所有的市鎮(zhèn)中，劍橋是最無足輕重、枯燥乏味和不堪入目的，而這位作家自己就曾經(jīng)是三一學(xué)院的一員。

The street architecture is mean，dingy yellow brick being the chief material of the houses, and the site, is as dreary and uninteresting as anything in England. But the glory of Cambridge is of course its group of colleges, whose varied beauty is rivaled only by Oxford; and the Cantab will not easily allow that anything at Oxford is finer than Trinity, King’s, or the Fitz William Museum. Of the university buildings, the last-named, founded by Viscount FitzWilliam, who died in 1816，is one of the noblest classical buildings in England, and contains valuable books, paintings, prints, and sculpture. The Senate-house, opened in 1730, is a building of admirable proportions, with a richly-decorated interior.

街道旁的建筑十分簡陋，暗紅色的磚塊是建造房屋的主要材料，這樣的場景在英格蘭隨處可見，令人感到壓抑、無趣。當然了，劍橋也有它的亮點，坐落在市區(qū)各個地方的學(xué)院，其變換多姿的美景恐怕只有牛津才可與之媲美。劍橋人也絕不會同意，牛津有什么能比得過三一學(xué)院、國王學(xué)院和菲茨威廉博物館的建筑。所有大學(xué)的建筑中，這所菲茨威廉博物館是英格蘭古建筑中最有名氣的，里面有著大量的藏書、圖畫、報刊和雕塑。建造這個博物館的菲茨威廉伯爵已經(jīng)在1816年去世。1730年開放的議會大樓十分寬敞，內(nèi)部裝潢也甚為華麗。

Among the colleges，Trinity holds the premier place as the largest. Its great court covers more than two acres of ground, and the chapel, dating from Queen Mary’s reign, has been restored and elaborately decorated. King’s College, founded by Henry VI, in connection with his famous school at Eton, is celebrated for its chapel, unquestionably the finest building in Cambridge. It was finished in 1536，and ranks with St. George’s Chapel, Windsor, among the most perfect existing specimens of perpendicular architecture.

三一學(xué)院是所有學(xué)院中面積最大的,其庭院超過了兩英畝。還有可以追溯到瑪麗女王統(tǒng)治時期的小教堂，后來被整修一新并精心裝飾了一番。亨利六世主持建造的國王學(xué)院在1536年建成，與伊頓學(xué)院毗鄰，并和圣喬治教堂，溫莎教堂一起被視為為現(xiàn)存的垂直式建筑的典型代表。

Third in architectural importance is St John’s，with its four courts. The picturesquebuildings are mostly Tudor or Jacobean. In size and wealth, St. John’s ranks next to Trinity, and it has produced many famous scholars.

第三重要的建筑是圣約翰學(xué)院，它共有4個庭院。這些別致的建筑大多是都鐸時期或者是詹姆士一世時期建造的，無論從規(guī)模還是從財力上來說，圣約翰學(xué)院都僅次于三一學(xué)院。這里也走出了許多的著名學(xué)者。

In addition, we have St. Catherine’s, its red brick buildings dating from the end of the seventeenth century, and its court, planted with elms, opening to the street. Many notedecclesiastics and theologians have been educated here. Magdalene is the only college on the north side of the river Cam. Not much remains of the ancient buildings, the finest part of the college being the Pepysian library containing the books of the famous diarist, and many black letter volumes. St. Peter’s or Peterhouse, the oldest college in Cambridge, preserves some of its ancient buildings, has pretty gardens and a small deer-park, and a library rich in medieval theology. All of those buildings are scenic pictures which should not be missed in Cambridge.

此外，還有圣凱瑟琳學(xué)院，其典型的紅磚建筑建成于17世紀末期，敞開的庭院里種滿了榆樹，許多著名的牧師和神學(xué)家都曾在此就讀。莫德林學(xué)院是唯一一所坐落在康河北岸的學(xué)院，它并沒有太多的古建筑。學(xué)院中最漂亮的應(yīng)該算是佩皮斯圖書館了，里面有很多佩皮斯這位著名日記作家的書和黑體字卷冊。劍橋大學(xué)歷史最悠久的學(xué)院——圣彼得學(xué)院里保留有很多古建筑，它的花園小巧可愛，還擁有一所小型的鹿園，圖書館里擁有很多中世紀神學(xué)方面的典藏。所有的這些建筑都是劍橋大學(xué)里不可錯過的風(fēng)景。