《孫子兵法》第50期:第九章 行軍(1)

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行軍篇 NO.1：

孫子曰： 凡處軍相敵，絕山依谷，

視生處高，戰(zhàn)隆無登，此處山之軍也。

絕水必遠(yuǎn)水，

客絕水而來，勿迎之于水內(nèi)，令半渡而擊之利，

欲戰(zhàn)者，無附于水而迎客，

視生處高，無迎水流，此處水上之軍也。

絕斥澤，唯亟去無留，

若交軍于斥澤之中，必依水草而背眾樹，此處斥澤之軍也。

平陸處易，右背高，前死后生，此處平陸之軍也。

凡此四軍之利，黃帝之所以勝四帝也。

這句啥意思：

孫子說：在各種不同地形上處置軍隊(duì)和觀察判斷敵情時，應(yīng)該注意：通過山地，必須依靠有水草的山谷，

駐扎在居高向陽的地方，敵人占領(lǐng)高地，不要仰攻，這是在山地上對軍隊(duì)的處置原則。

橫渡江河，應(yīng)遠(yuǎn)離水流駐扎，

敵人渡水來戰(zhàn)，不要在江河中迎擊，而要等它渡過一半時再攻擊，這樣較為有利。

如果要同敵人決戰(zhàn)，不要緊靠水邊列陣;

在江河地帶扎營，也要居高向陽，不要面迎水流，這是在江河地帶上對軍隊(duì)處置的原則。

通過鹽堿沼澤地帶，要迅速離開，不要逗留;

如果同敵軍相遇于鹽堿沼澤地帶，那就必須靠近水草而背靠樹林，這是在鹽堿沼澤地帶上對軍隊(duì)處置的原則。

在平原上應(yīng)占領(lǐng)開闊地域，而側(cè)翼要依托高地，前低后高。這是在平原地帶上對軍隊(duì)處置的原則。

以上四種“處軍”原則的好處，就是黃帝之所以能戰(zhàn)勝其他四帝的原因。

英文這么說：

Sun Tzu said: We come now to the question of encamping the army, and observing signs ofthe enemy.Pass quickly over mountains, and keep in the neighborhood of valleys.

Camp in high places, facing the sun. Do not climb heights in order to fight. So much formountain warfare.

After crossing a river, you should get far away from it.

When an invading force crosses a river in its onward march, do not advance to meet it in mid-stream.It will be best to let half the army get across,and then deliver your attack.

If you are anxious to fight, you should not go to meet the invader near a river which he has tocross.

Moor your craft higher up than the enemy, and facing the sun. Do not move up-stream tomeet the enemy.So much for river warfare.

In crossing salt-marshes, your sole concern should be to get over them quickly, without anydelay.

If forced to fight in a salt-marsh, you should have water and grass near you, and get your backto a clump of trees. So much for operations in salt-marches.

In dry, level country, take up an easily accessible position with rising ground to your right andon your rear,so that the danger may be in front, and safety lie behind.So much for campaigningin flat country.

These are the four useful branches of military knowledge which enabled the Yellow Emperor tovanquish four several sovereigns.

《行軍篇》簡析

本篇主要論述的是行軍作戰(zhàn)的組織指揮和觀察判斷敵情的一些方法。行軍即帶兵之意，所以，孫子明確提出了“令之以文，齊之以武”的帶兵原則。也就是說，帶好兵，必須是文、武兼用的治理方法。文，指的是寬仁，武，指的是嚴(yán)格，寬仁用兵，嚴(yán)格帶兵，這也是孫子軍事思想的一個重要方面。得人心者得天下，勢必拮宭，到了這時恐怕又眾叛親離，一敗涂地。