九變篇 NO.5:
故將有五危,必死可殺,必生可虜,忿速可侮,廉潔可辱,愛民可煩。
凡此五者,將之過也,用兵之災(zāi)也。
覆軍殺將,必以五危,不可不察也。
這句啥意思:
所以,將領(lǐng)有五種致命的弱點(diǎn):堅(jiān)持死拼硬打,可能招致殺身之禍;臨陣畏縮,貪生怕死,則可能被俘;性情暴躁易怒,可能受敵輕侮而失去理智;過分潔身自好,珍惜聲名,可能會(huì)被羞辱引發(fā)沖動(dòng);由于愛護(hù)民眾,受不了敵方的擾民行動(dòng)而不能采取相應(yīng)的對(duì)敵行動(dòng)。
所有這五種情況,都是將領(lǐng)最容易有的過失,是用兵的災(zāi)難。
軍隊(duì)覆沒,將領(lǐng)犧牲,必定是因?yàn)檫@五種危害,因此一定要認(rèn)識(shí)到這五種危害的嚴(yán)重性。
英文這么說:
There are five dangerous faults which may affect a general:
(1) Recklessness, which leads to destruction;
(2) cowardice, which leads to capture;
(3) a hasty temper, which can be provoked by insults;
(4) a delicacy of honor which is sensitive to shame;
(5) over-solicitude for his men, which exposes him to worry and trouble.
These are the five besetting sins of a general,ruinous to the conduct of war.
When an army is overthrown and its leader slain,the cause will surely be found among these fivedangerous faults. Let them be a subject of meditation.
五危
第一,不會(huì)用智謀,只知到拼命打仗的將帥,很容易被敵軍誘殺。
第二,軟弱無能、貪生怕死的將帥,越是怕死越是容易被消滅,這種人和有可能被俘虜;
第三,性質(zhì)急躁的將帥,非常容易被激怒,一旦憤怒就會(huì)失去理智,就不會(huì)沉下心來研究謀略,這種人很容易中敵人激將的奸計(jì);
第四,廉潔好名的將帥,喜歡以“正人君子”的姿態(tài)出現(xiàn),這種人只要敵人侮辱其名,就會(huì)失去理智,就很容易中敵人的圈套;
第五,愛民如子的將帥,反而會(huì)使老百姓成為軍隊(duì)的拖累,大大遲緩軍隊(duì)的靈活性,使敵人有可乘之機(jī)。
以上五點(diǎn),是將帥的過錯(cuò),也是用兵的災(zāi)害。軍隊(duì)覆滅,將帥被殺,必定是由于這五種危險(xiǎn)引起,是不可不引起高度重視。