“毛澤東故居”中英雙語導游詞

Welcome to the Former Residence of Mao Zedong. Shaoshan is the birthplace of the Late Chairman Mao. The quaint farmhouse you see now is locally known as the Upper Cottage. It was here on December 26, 1893, that comrade Mao Zedong, the great leader of the Chinese people, was born. As early as March, 1963, the State Council pronounced this place to be one of the early Chinese Revolutionary History’s National Heritage site. For its cultural and natural sights, Shaoshan has since been a major tourist destination. It is estimated that nearly 40 million tourists, Chinese and foreign, have visited comrade Mao Zedong’s former residence since the founding of the People’s Republic of China. Among the distinguished guests are over 100 Chinese party leaders or state leaders, 14 foreign heads of state, 30 foreign governmental leaders, and visitors from over 150 countries.

The farmhouse stands in front of two water ponds: Lotus Pond and Southern Bank Pond. In his lifetime, comrade Mao Zedong was mad about swimming. He used to swim a lot in Southern Bank Pond in his boyhood. In November of 1963, Guo Moruo, on his visit to Shaoshan, pointed to the pond, and emotionally declared, “Mao Zedong swam in a water pond in his boyhood and did so in the Yangtze River in his old age.”

With a northern exposure, Comrade Mao Zedong’s boyhood home is typical Southern Chinese mud brick farmhouse. Down in a hollow, it is situated at the foot of a green hill and beside a clear stream. To borrow a locally used term, it is shaped like “a load of firewood”. In the old days, the farmhouse was shared by two families.The Maos lived on the eastern end of 13 blue-tile rooms and their neighbor on the western end of 4 thatched rooms.The entrance hall was shared by two families.

The present building is modeled after its prototype of 1918, showing the Maos in the prime of economic life, in possession of 1 3 tiled rooms, a half of the entrance hall and about 1.47 hectares of farmland.Mao Zedong didn’t commit himself to inheriting his family property.He left Shaoshan and walked onto the stage of Chinese politics instead. Mao Zedong, a son of a peasant’s family, became a great revolutionary, strategist and theorist of the proletariat.

A horizontal board of rosewood with comrade Deng Xiaoping’s inscription in golden characters“Comrade Mao Zedong’s Former Residence，”which personally written by him on April 2, 1983, hangs from the front entrance’s lintel.

Entrance Hall

Please step into the entrance hall. As mentioned earlier, this is the entrance hall that was shared by the two families.In Southern China，the entrance hall also serves as a banquet hall for entertaining guests on festive occasions. The square table and benches are originals.This is a shrine for worshipping Buddha or ancestors.

A small door at the back of the hall leads to a back room.This big pot was used for cooking pig fodder.The basin on the right was used for taking a bath or washing cloths.Mao Zedong used to help his parents with housework，carrying water with buckets for example.This big bucket is an original. This skylight, common in south China, is used for ventilation and lighting.

Hearth

This is a hearth.In wintertime，southern farmers warm themselves around the hearth with firewood burning inside.Dangling over it is a hook, on which a kettle is hung for boiling water; there were no thermos bottles in the farmhouse at the time. A guest was served a cup of boiled water poured from the kettle.A cooking pot could be suspended from the hook for cooking food so the whole families were sitting around the hearth, chatting over a meal.What a cozy home! Mao returned home in the Spring of 1921, when he was busy preparing the establishment of the Chinese Communist Party.Both his parents had died.His mother’s birthday fell on February 15th.That evening, he asked his brothers, sister-in-laws and sisters to sit around the hearth for a family chat.His younger brother Mao Zeming told him about disasters the family had suffered over years.“That’s true，”Mao Zedong said,“The suffering not only affects our family but the most other Chinese families as well.A single family cannot expect to live an easy life in a time of nationwide chaos.So we should sacrifice a smaller family to serve a bigger family in the interests of general public.” Under Mao Zedong's cheering guidance, his family members left Shaoshan one after the other to embark on a revolutionary road.In the protracted revolutionary struggle, he would ask his family members to work in the hardest places or to fight in the most dangerous places.His six family members laid down their lives for the revolutionary cause successively.His family clearly is an illustrious revolutionary family.You may get detailed information about this in a special section of the Exhibition Hall of Comrade Mao Zedong.

Bedroom of Mao Zedong’s Parents

This is the bedroom of Mao Zedong’s parents.Comrade Mao Zedong was born in this room on December 26，1893.This is the late parents’ portrait.Mao Shunsheng (Mao Zedong’s father),

was an industrial, thrifty, intelligent and capable peasant.He died at the age of 50 in 1920 from acute typhoid fever.Thanks to his father’s savings, Mao Zedong had a chance to further his studies outside Shaoshan in his early life.Mao Zedong’s mother, born in 1867, was a peasant woman, hardworking, kind-hearted, clever and virtuous. She was gentle and loving and often helped out her neighbors.The fine qualities of the working people his parents maintained exerted a great influence on his formative years.

Gazing at the portrait of his mother in 1959, Mao Zedong said，“I bear a close resemblance to my mother.” After a long gaze, he continued, “If only it had been today.She would not have died if it had been today.” The timeworn wooden bed you are looking at is an original.

Mao Zedong’s Bedroom

This is Mao Zedong’s bedroom.The picture hanging on the wall is a group photo of Mao Zedong, his mother and his two younger brothers, taken in Changsha in the spring of 1919.At the time Mao Zedong worked in Changsha and his second younger brother Mao Zetan studied there.And his first younger brother Mao Zeming took his mother, who was terminally ill, to Changsha for medical treatment.That’s why the family of four had a chance to have their group photo taken, which is the only such photo that exists of the family.His mother passed away in October of that year.This valuable photo had been left in the care of Mao Zedong’s grandmother, and we are fortunate that this early record of Mao and his family survived.

This is the place where Mao Zedong read and studied.It is by this oil lamp that Mao Zedong read his books at night.He was bright and talented and was an avid reader.His room was infested with mosquitoes on summer nights.He would lie in bed and poke his head out of a closed mosquito net, reading by an oil lamp on a bedside bench. On winter nights he would lie beneath a quilt and read late into the night.Aged 13 to 15, he had to quit school to help his parents with farm work.Even during this period, he devoted his spare time to studies.

Mao Zetan’s Bedroom

This is the bedroom of Mao Zedong’s second younger brother Mao Zetan.Mao Zetan was born in 1905.He followed his elder brother to Changsha for schooling at the age of 13.In 1923 he joined the Chinese Communist Party and participated in the party’s political and military activities for many years. After the main force of the Red Army went on the Long March in October, 1934, he remained in the Soviet Area of the CPC Central Committee of Jiangxi and carried out guerrilla warfare.He once served as commander of the Independent Division of the Red Army.He died a hero at the age of 29 in April，1935 in a battle east of Ruijin.Gazing at the portrait of Mao Zetan, Deng Xiaoping, on his trip to Mao Zedong’s birthplace in 1983, recalled the days when they stuck together in Jiangxi through thick and thin and heartily praised Mao Zetan,“He was indeed a good comrade.”

Mao zemin’s Bedroom

This is the bedroom of Mao Zemin.Born in1895, he was Mao Zedong’s first younger brother.When Mao Zedong returned to Shaoshan in spring, 1921, Mao Zemin had been married.He spent much time persuading his married brother and his family members to throw themselves into the revolution at the time.Mao Zedong pointed that one should think not only of his own family, but should think of the whole society and the suffering borne by the majority of people. Under his elder brother’s careful instruction, Mao Zemin resolutely gave up an easy life at home and went out in pursuit of the revolutionary cause.He joined the Chinese Communist Party in 1922 and worked in the financial and logistics departments of the party. In 1943, at the age of 43, he was killed by Sheng Shicai, a Xinjiang warlord.Hearing this on his 1991 Shaoshan visit, Jiang Zemin, the then party Secretary-general of CPC said affectionately，“Mao Zedong’s family is an outstanding one, making great contributions to the revolutionary cause.” Four more of Mao’s family members, besides Mao Zemin and Mao Zetan, all laid down their lives for the Chinese revolution.

各位游客：

大家好!歡迎來到毛澤東故居游覽?，F(xiàn)在呈現(xiàn)在大家面前的這棟古樸的農(nóng)舍叫“上屋場”。

1893年1 2月26日，中國人民的偉大領袖毛澤東同志就誕生在這里。早在1961年3月，國務院就將其列為全國重點文物保護單位，成為我國重要的革命紀念地之一。自新中國成立以來，毛澤東同志故居共接待中外客人近4000萬，其中包括100多位我國黨和國家的領導人、14位外國國家元首、30多位外國政府首腦以及150多個國家和地區(qū)的來賓。

故居的前面是荷花塘和南岸塘。毛澤東同志一生酷愛游泳，南岸塘就是他少時“習武練藝”的最好地方。1963年11月，郭沫若參觀韶山時，曾指著這口塘感嘆地說：“毛主席是少時游池塘，老年游長江啊!”

我們來看毛澤東同志故居。這是一棟坐南朝北、土木結(jié)構(gòu)的典型南方農(nóng)舍，它門臨綠水，背依青山，成凹字形結(jié)構(gòu)，這里老百姓稱為“一擔柴”。當年這里居住著兩戶人家，東邊13間小青瓦房為毛澤東家，西邊四間草屋為鄰居家，中間堂屋為兩家共用。

大家今天看到的房子是按1918年的原狀恢復的。這個時候是毛澤東家庭經(jīng)濟狀況最好的時期，當時家里擁有這13間半瓦房和約1.47公頃田土。但是身為毛家長子的毛澤東并未繼承父業(yè)，而是走出韶山，登上了中國政治的大舞臺，由一個農(nóng)民的兒子成長為偉大的無產(chǎn)階級革命家、戰(zhàn)略家、理論家。

大門頂端掛著的“毛澤東同志故居”金字紅木匾，是鄧小平同志1983年4月2日親筆題寫的。

堂屋

現(xiàn)在請大家隨我進堂屋參觀。這里是堂屋，前面提到的兩家共用的堂屋指的就是這一間。它在南方是擺酒席、宴請客人的地方，這里的方桌和板凳都是原物，這是神龕，是供奉神佛、祖宗用的。

穿過堂屋這扇小門往后走，我們便來到了“退堂屋”。這個大鍋是煮豬食用的。右邊的腳盆是用來洗澡和洗衣服的。毛澤東小時候經(jīng)常在此幫父母干活，用水桶挑水。這個大水桶是原物。這是南方農(nóng)舍一般都有的天窗，它用來通風、透氣、采光，天窗下有暗溝，用來排水。

火堂

這里是火堂。南方農(nóng)家在冬天一般都架柴燒火取暖，這上面有個掛鉤，俗稱“爐膛鉤"，是用來掛壺燒水的。過去農(nóng)家沒有熱水瓶，客人來了，馬上打水燒起來。當然這里也可掛吊鍋，用來煮飯，冬天全家圍坐一團邊吃邊聊，那可是熱氣騰騰的呢!1921年春，毛澤東在籌建共產(chǎn)黨的過程中回到韶山。當時他的父母已經(jīng)去世。2月1 5日是毛澤東母親的生日，那天晚上，他邀弟弟、弟妹及妹妹圍爐烤火、拉家常。弟弟毛澤民一口氣講了這幾年遭受到的災難，毛澤東說，這些不只是我們一家發(fā)生的事，天下大多數(shù)人都這樣，國亂民不得安生，所以我們要舍小家為大家，出去做一些有利于大多數(shù)人的

工作。

在毛澤東的諄諄教導下，全家人相繼離開家鄉(xiāng)走上革命道路。在長期的革命斗爭中，毛澤東又總是教育自己的親人到艱苦的地方去工作，到最危險的崗位上去戰(zhàn)斗，一家先后有六位親人英勇獻身，毛澤東的家庭成為革命家庭。關于這部分內(nèi)容，毛澤東同志紀念館有專題陳列，歡迎參觀。1991年，江總書記在此參觀后說：“這個地方很有意義。”

毛澤東父母的臥室

1893年12月26日，中國人民的偉大領袖毛澤東同志就誕生在這里。這是毛澤東同志父母的遺照。毛澤東同志的父親毛順生是一位非常勤勞節(jié)儉、精明能干的農(nóng)民，1920年他因患急性傷寒病去世，享年50歲。父親的勤勞節(jié)儉和善于持家理財為早年毛澤東外出讀書提供了一定的經(jīng)濟基礎。毛澤東的母親生于1867年，是一位勤勞善良、聰明賢惠的農(nóng)家婦女。她性情溫和，富有愛心，經(jīng)常接濟周圍貧困的鄉(xiāng)親。父母親勞動人民的優(yōu)良品德對少年時代的毛澤東影響很大。1959年毛澤東看到母親這張照片時說：“我還是挺像我母親的。”他凝視良久，然后又說：“要是現(xiàn)在就好了，要是現(xiàn)在就死不了。”大家看到的這張陳舊木床是原物。

毛澤東的臥室

這里是毛澤東的臥室。墻上的照片是毛澤東和母親及兩個弟弟1919年春在長沙的合影。當時毛澤東同志在長沙工作，小弟毛澤覃在長沙讀書。因母親病重，大弟毛澤民送母親去長沙治病，所以他們母子四人才有機會留下這唯一的一張合影，毛澤東的母親就是這年10月去世的。這張珍貴的照片由于毛澤東外婆家的珍藏而幸存下來。

這里是毛澤東小時候?qū)W習的地方。當年，毛澤東晚上讀書就是用的這盞小油燈。毛澤東天資聰穎，又酷愛讀書，夏天的晚上蚊子多，他就在床邊放一張條凳，凳上放一盞燈，人躲到蚊帳里面，將頭伸到帳子外看書。冬天，他常常躺在被子里讀書到深夜。甚至在他13歲至15歲停學在家勞動的時候，他也往往白天下田勞動，晚上讀書讀得很晚。

毛澤覃的臥室

這間是毛澤東小弟弟毛澤覃的臥室。毛澤覃生于1905年，13歲就跟隨哥哥毛澤東到長沙讀書，1923年加入中國共產(chǎn)黨，長期從事黨的政治和軍事工作。1934年10月紅軍主力長征后，他留在江西中央蘇區(qū)堅持游擊戰(zhàn)爭，曾任紅軍獨立師師長。1935年4月，在瑞金東部的一次戰(zhàn)斗中，不幸中彈，壯烈犧牲，時年29歲。1983年鄧小平同志來到毛澤東故居參觀，當他看到與自己在江西同生死共患難的戰(zhàn)友的遺像時，久久凝視著，深情地贊嘆道“毛澤覃是個好同志!”

毛澤民的臥室

我們現(xiàn)在來到的是毛澤民的臥室。毛澤東的大弟弟毛澤民生于1895年。1921年春，毛澤東回家動員親人干革命，重點是做毛澤民的工作。因為毛澤民當時已成家。毛澤東教育他，不能只看到自己這個小家，應該看到大家，想到大多數(shù)人的痛苦。毛澤民在兄長的耐心開導下，毅然舍棄小家，走上了革命道路。1922年，他加入中國共產(chǎn)黨。參加革命后他一直從事黨的財經(jīng)和后勤工作。1943年被新疆軍軍閥盛世才殺害，時年47歲。1991年江總書記參觀到這里深情地說：“毛主席一家很了不起，為革命做出了巨大的貢獻!”的確，除了毛澤民、毛澤覃，主席一家還有四位親人先后為革命獻出了生命。