雙語詩歌翻譯|王安石-《興賢》

興賢：興，舉用也；興賢，談進(jìn)用人才。 王安石（1021－1086）字介甫，晚號(hào)半山，小字獾郎，封荊國公，世人又稱王荊公，世稱臨川先生。撫州臨川人（現(xiàn)為撫州 東鄉(xiāng)縣上池里陽村人)，漢族。1085年，哲宗即位，起用司馬光為相，新法全被廢除。王安石變法，使北宋積貧積弱的局面得到了一定程度的改變。《興賢》是他為后來的改革制造聲勢的文章。

王安石·《興賢》

國以任賢使能而興，棄賢專己而衰。此二者，必然之勢，古今之通義，流俗所共知耳。何治安之世有之而能興，昏亂之世雖有之亦不興？蓋用之與不用之謂矣。有賢而用，國之福也，有之而不用，猶無有也。商之興也，有仲虺、伊尹，其衰也，亦有三仁。周之興也，同心者十人，其衰也，亦有祭公謀父、內(nèi)史過。兩漢之興也，有蕭、曹、寇、鄧之徒，其衰也，亦有王嘉、傅喜、陳蕃、李固之眾。魏、晉而下，至于李唐，不可遍舉，然其間興衰之世，亦皆同也。由此觀之，有賢而用之者，國之福也，有之而不用，猶無有也，可不慎歟？

今猶古也，今之天下亦古之天下，今之士民亦古之士民。古雖擾攘之際，猶有賢能若是之眾，況今太寧，豈曰無之？在君上用之而已。博詢眾庶，則才能者進(jìn)矣；不有忌諱，則讜直之路開矣；不邇小人，則讒諛者自遠(yuǎn)矣；不拘文牽俗，則守職者辨治矣；不責(zé)人以細(xì)過，則能吏之志得以盡其效矣。茍行此道，則何慮不跨兩漢、軼三代，然后踐五帝、三皇之途哉。

Advocacy of Talents

Wang Anshi

A nation thrives when it appoints and utilizes talents, but it declines when it neglects these talents and its ruler monopolizes everything. This is irreversible—true in the past and true at present and known even by common people. But how is it that a nation in good order can thrive with its talents while a nation in chaos cannot in spite of its talents? This is only a matter of whether talents are utilized or not. If a nation utilizes them, a good fortune will come to it; otherwise, it is just as though they do not exist. There were talents like Zhong Hui and Yi Yin when Shang was flourishing, but as it declined, there were also three talents. There were ten talents making a concerted effort for the King when Zhou was on its rise, but on its fall, there were also talents like Duke Zhai Moufu and Nei Shiguo. There were talents like Xiao He, Cao Can, Kou Xun, Deng Yu, etc. in the prime of both the Eastern Han and the Western Han, but on their downfall, there were also a great number of talents like Wang Jia, Fu Xi, Chen Fan, and Li Gu. From Wei and Jin down to the Tang Dynasty, there were too many talents to list, but again there were talents for both thriving and declining periods. Looking from this perspective, it is indeed good fortune for a nation when there are talents and they are utilized, but they are as good as nonexistent if these talents exist but are not utilized. We could not afford not to be cautious about this!

Things at present and in the past are identical: today’s world is like yesterday’s and today’s people are like yesterday’s. There were as many talents as mentioned above at times of chaos in the past; how can we say there are none today when we are at peace? It is solely a matter of whether high officials utilized these talents.

Inquire among the masses and talents will be found; if there are no taboos, the passages for honest advice will be open; if there is no pampering of snobs or sycophants, then they will not approach; if there are no literary restrictions and conventional scruples, then people on duty will have lucid judgment in fulfilling their responsibilities; if there are no punishments for lapses, then able officials will be able to give their full play. If we strictly abide by these principles, how can we not surpass the Two Hans and exceed the Three Dynasties to scale the same flourishing heights as the Three Kings and the Five Lords?