雙語(yǔ)詩(shī)歌翻譯|范仲淹·《岳陽(yáng)樓記》

《岳陽(yáng)樓記》是北宋文學(xué)家范仲淹應(yīng)好友巴陵郡太守滕子京之請(qǐng)，于北宋慶歷六年（1046年）九月十五日為重修岳陽(yáng)樓寫的。其中的詩(shī)句“先天下之憂而憂，后天下之樂(lè)而樂(lè)”、“不以物喜，不以己悲”是較為出名和引用較多的句子。文章通過(guò)對(duì)洞庭湖的側(cè)面描寫襯托岳陽(yáng)樓。滕子京是被誣陷擅自動(dòng)用官錢而被貶的，范仲淹正是借作記之機(jī)，含蓄規(guī)勸他要“不以物喜，不以己悲”，試圖以自己“先天下之憂而憂，后天下之樂(lè)而樂(lè)”的濟(jì)世情懷和樂(lè)觀精神感染老友。這是本文命意之所在，也決定了文章敘議結(jié)合的風(fēng)格。《岳陽(yáng)樓記》超越了單純寫山水樓觀的狹境，將自然界的晦明變化、風(fēng)雨陰晴和“遷客騷人”的“覽物之情”結(jié)合起來(lái)寫，從而將全文的重心放到了縱議政治理想方面，擴(kuò)大了文章的境界。

范仲淹 《岳陽(yáng)樓記》

慶歷四年春，滕子京謫守巴陵郡。越明年，政通人和，百?gòu)U俱興。乃重修岳陽(yáng)樓，增其舊制，刻唐賢、今人詩(shī)賦于其上，屬予作文以記之。

予觀夫巴陵勝狀，在洞庭一湖。銜遠(yuǎn)山，吞長(zhǎng)江，浩浩湯湯，橫無(wú)際涯；朝暉夕陰，氣象萬(wàn)千；此則岳陽(yáng)樓之大觀也。前人之述備矣。然則北通巫峽，南極瀟湘，遷客騷人，多會(huì)于此；覽物之情，得無(wú)異乎？

若夫霪雨霏霏，連月不開(kāi)；陰風(fēng)怒號(hào)，濁浪排空；日星隱耀，山岳潛形；商旅不行，檣傾楫摧；薄暮冥冥，虎嘯猿啼；登斯樓也，則有去國(guó)懷鄉(xiāng)，憂讒畏譏，滿目蕭然，感極而悲者矣。

至若春和景明，波瀾不驚，上下天光，一碧萬(wàn)頃，沙鷗翔集，錦鱗游泳，岸芷汀蘭，郁郁青青。而或長(zhǎng)煙一空，皓月千里，浮光躍金，靜影沉璧，漁歌互答，此樂(lè)何極！登斯樓也，則有心曠神怡，寵辱皆忘，把酒臨風(fēng)，其喜洋洋者矣。

嗟夫！予嘗求古仁人之心，或異二者之為。何哉？不以物喜，不以己悲。居廟堂之高，則憂其民；處江湖之遠(yuǎn)，則憂其君。是進(jìn)亦憂，退亦憂；然則何時(shí)而樂(lè)耶？其必曰：“先天下之憂而憂，后天下之樂(lè)而樂(lè)”歟！噫！微斯人，吾誰(shuí)與歸！

時(shí)六年九月十五日。

Yueyang Pavilion

In the spring ofthe fourth year of the reign of Qingli, Teng Zijing was banished from thecapital to be governor of Baling Prefecture. After he had governed the districtfor a year, the administration became efficient, the people became united, andall things that had fallen into disrepair were given a new lease on life. Thenhe restored Yueyang Pavilion, adding new splendor to the original structure andhaving inscribed on it poems by famous men of the Tang Dynasty as well as thepresent time. And he asked me to write an essay to commemorate this. Now I havefound that the finest sights of Baling are concentrated in the region of LakeDongting. Dongting, nibbling at the distant hills and gulping down the YangtzeRiver, strikes all beholders as vast and infinite, presenting a scene ofboundless variety; and this is the superb view from Yueyang Pavilion. All thishas been described in full by writers of earlier ages. However, since the lakeis linked with Wu Gorge in the north and extends to the Xiao and Xiang riversin the south, many exiles and wandering poets gather here and their reactionsto these sights vary greatly. During a period of incessant rain, when a spellof bad weather continues for more than a month, when louring winds bellowangrily, tumultuous waves hurl themselves against the sky, sun and stars hidetheir light, hills and mountains disappear, merchants have to halt in thetravels, masts collapse and oars splinter, the day darkens and the roars oftigers and howls of monkeys are heard, if men come to this pavilion with alonging for home in their hearts or nursing a feeling of bitterness because oftaunts and slander, they may find the sight depressing and fall prey toagitation or despair. But during mild and bright spring weather, then the wavesare unruffled and the azure translucence above and below stretches before youreyes for myriads of li, when the water-birds fly down to congregate on thesands and fish with scales like glimmering silk disport themselves in thewater, when the iris and orchids on the banks grow luxuriant and green; or whendusk falls over this vast expanse and bright moon casts its light a thousandli, when the rolling waves glitter like gold and silent shadows in the waterglimmer like jade, and the fishermen sing to each other for sheer joy, then mencoming up to this pavilion may feel complete freedom of heart and ease of spirit,forgetting every worldly gain or setback, to hold their winecups in the breezein absolute elation, delighted with life. But again when I consider the men ofold who possessed true humanity, they seem to have responded quite differently.The reason, perhaps, may be this: natural beauty was not enough to make themhappy, nor their own situation enough to make them sad. When such men are highin the government or at court, their first concern is for the people; when theyretire to distant streams and lakes, their first concern is for theirsovereign. Thus they worry both when in office and when in retirement. When,then, can they enjoy themselves in life? No doubt they are concerned beforeanyone else and enjoy themselves only after everyone else finds enjoyment.Surely these are the men in whose footsteps I should follow!