分詞也是動(dòng)詞的另一種非謂語(yǔ)形式,有-ing形式與-ed形式兩種。由于前面已經(jīng)講過(guò)動(dòng)名詞,這種形式跟-ing是一樣的,所以這講,著重講解-ed分詞。
-ed分詞即我們平常所說(shuō)的動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞。它有兩種形式:規(guī)則動(dòng)詞形式和不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞形式。規(guī)則動(dòng)詞形式由規(guī)則動(dòng)詞+-ED構(gòu)成;不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞有其特殊的-ED分詞。在語(yǔ)法功能上,它在句子中所能承擔(dān)的成分基本與-ING分詞相同,可以作表語(yǔ),定語(yǔ),狀語(yǔ),也可以用在復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中,不管它作什么成分,其最基本的含義是“被動(dòng)”的。-ED分詞在語(yǔ)法功能和意義上與-ing分詞有一定的區(qū)別。
一、-ed分詞作表語(yǔ)
過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)一般用來(lái)表示感受、狀態(tài)(系詞+分詞)。如:
We were very interested in the novel she gave us yesterday.
我們對(duì)她昨天給我們的小說(shuō)非常感興趣。
She was quite frightened by the sudden noise outside the door.
她被門(mén)外突然的吵鬧聲嚇住了。
可以用作表語(yǔ)的常見(jiàn)過(guò)去分詞有:
amazed, amused, astonished, broken, closed, completed, confused, disappointed, discouraged, dressed, drunk, excited, experienced, faded, frightened, hurt, interested, known, learned, lost, married, pleased, puzzled, qualified, satisfied, surprised, tired, unprepared, unknown, upset, worried等。