即使是短期暴露于低水平的空氣污染也會增加心臟驟停的風險

即使是短期暴露于低水平的空氣污染也會增加心臟驟停的風險

Short-term exposure to air pollution is linked to a higher risk of sudden heart problems, especially among older people, according to a study published Monday.

本周一公布的一項研究表明，短期暴露在空氣污染中會增加突發(fā)心臟病的風險，尤其是老年人。

The study, published in the journal The Lancet, indicates that even low levels of air pollution can increase the likelihood of cardiac arrest. Study researchers at The University of Sydney say there is an "urgent need to reassess" international guidelines on air quality.

發(fā)表在《柳葉刀》雜志上的這項研究表明，即使是低水平的空氣污染也會增加心臟驟停的可能性。悉尼大學的研究人員說，“重新評估”國際空氣質(zhì)量準則是“迫切需要”。

The research is believed to be the largest of its kind to date, according to the study's authors. They looked at data from emergency medical responses in Japan over a two-year period, as well as the country's records on air pollution involving particulate matter.

據(jù)該研究的作者稱，這是迄今為止同類研究中規(guī)模最大的一次。他們查看了日本兩年多來的緊急醫(yī)療響應數(shù)據(jù)，以及該國與顆粒物有關(guān)的空氣污染記錄。

Particulate matter, is a mix of solid and liquid airborne droplets, according to the Environmental Protection Agency. The particles, made up of dust, dirt, soot or smoke, originate from construction sites, unpaved roads, fields, smokestacks or fires, and can contain different chemicals. But most particles are a mix of pollutants from power plant, industrial and vehicle emissions.

根據(jù)美國環(huán)境保護署的說法，顆粒物是空氣中固體和液體飛沫的混合物。這些由灰塵、灰塵、煤煙或煙霧組成的顆粒來自建筑工地、未鋪設的道路、田地、煙囪或火災，可能含有不同的化學物質(zhì)。但大多數(shù)顆粒物是發(fā)電廠、工業(yè)和汽車排放的污染物的混合體。

The study focused on PM2.5. or tiny particulate matter, which can move deep into the lungs when inhaled and from there into the bloodstream.

這項研究的重點是PM2.5.即微小的顆粒物，吸入后可深入肺部，再從肺部進入血液。

Researchers identified 249.372 cases of out-of-home cardiac arrest between January 2014 and December 2015. Cardiac arrest is the result of electrical disturbances that cause the heart to suddenly stop beating. One cause of sudden cardiac arrest is a heart attack.

研究人員確定了2014年1月至2015年12月期間249.372例體外心臟驟停病例。心臟驟停是由于電流干擾導致心臟突然停止跳動的結(jié)果。心臟驟停的一個原因是心臟病發(fā)作。

About 98.5% of cardiac arrest cases studied occurred while PM2.5 concentrations were lower than the Japanese and US standard of 35 micrograms per cubic meter. Nearly 92% took place while PM2.5 concentrations were lower than the standard of 25 micrograms per cubic meter established by the World Health Organization.

在所研究的心臟驟停病例中，約有98.5%發(fā)生在PM2.5濃度低于日本和美國35微克/立方米的標準時。近92%的情況發(fā)生時，PM2.5濃度低于世界衛(wèi)生組織制定的每立方米25微克的標準。

Researchers found that with every 10 micrograms per cubic meter increase in PM2.5., there is a 1-4% increased risk of cardiac arrest.

研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，PM2.5每立方米增加10微克。，心臟驟停的風險增加1-4%。

For patients older than 65. researchers found a significant association between PM2.5 exposure and increased incidences of cardiac arrest.

對于65歲以上的患者，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)PM2.5暴露與心臟驟停發(fā)生率增加之間存在顯著的相關(guān)性。

Researchers also analyzed the data along gender lines but found no significant difference in how PM2.5 affects men and women.

研究人員還根據(jù)性別對數(shù)據(jù)進行了分析，但發(fā)現(xiàn)PM2.5對男性和女性的影響沒有顯著差異。

Professor Kazuaki Negishi, a professor at the University of Sydney School of Medicine and the study's senior author, said the findings support "recent evidence that there is no safe level of air pollution."

悉尼大學醫(yī)學院教授、該研究的資深作者根岸和明教授表示，這些發(fā)現(xiàn)支持“最近的證據(jù)，表明空氣污染不存在安全水平”。

Researchers point to an increase in air pollution in Australian cities after massive bushfires ravaged the country. In the city of Richmond, west of Sydney, the levels of PM2.5 reached more than 500 micrograms per cubic meter -- far surpassing levels deemed safe for humans to breathe. Earlier this month, NASA said smoke from the historic blazes traveled "halfway across Earth," impacting the air quality in other countries.

研究人員指出，大規(guī)模森林大火肆虐澳大利亞后，城市空氣污染加劇。在悉尼以西的里士滿市，PM2.5的濃度達到了每立方米500微克以上，遠遠超過了人們認為安全的呼吸水平。本月早些時候，美國國家航空航天局說，歷史性大火產(chǎn)生的煙霧“跨越半個地球”，影響了其他國家的空氣質(zhì)量。