A man was sitting on a couch.
(3)馬可·波羅的中國之行,給他留下最深刻印象的是杭州西湖之秀美。
The beauty of the West Lake in Hangzhou was what impressed Marco Polo most during his trip to China.
例2中“一個人”為施事,“坐著”為行為;例3中“杭州西湖之秀美”為施事,“給他留下”為行為。兩者皆行為在前,施事在后。譯文中都調(diào)整為施事在前,行為在后的順序。
(4)早晨的公園里,遛鳥者時常可見。
a. Early in the parks we often see people walk with caged birds in hand.
b. Taking a walk in parks with caged birds in hand is a common scene in the early morning.
原文省略施事,處在主語位置的“遛鳥者”實際上是受事,“時常可見”是行為。也就是說,原文受事在前,行為在后。兩個譯文都作了語序調(diào)整:譯文a增添了人稱代詞We作主語,按照英文習慣,句子以“施事+行為+受事”的語序排列;譯文b的調(diào)整更大,有生命的受事“遛鳥者”轉化為無生命的現(xiàn)象Taking a walk ... with caged birds in hand充當譯文的主語,行為動詞“(時???見”被轉化為名詞a common scene跟隨連系動詞is之后,句子以“主語+連系動詞+表語”的語序排列。就效果而言,譯文b的表達更地道,英語的韻味更足。
(5)生日是自己長大以后聽家里人說的,……
I was told about my birthday by my foster-parents when I grew up.
(侯寶林《我可能是天津人》,劉士聰譯)
原文中,受事“生日”在前,施事“自己”和行為“聽……說的”在后。譯文根據(jù)英語表達習慣作了調(diào)整,語序排列為“主語(I)+謂語(was told about)(被動語態(tài))+介詞賓語(my birthday)+狀語從句(when I grew up)”。