漢譯英的簡潔、精煉（三）

　　四、為了保持語法結(jié)構(gòu)的凝煉，一般說來，能用詞組、動詞非謂語形式(如不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞短語、過去分詞短語)、垂懸結(jié)構(gòu)的地方就傾向于不用從句，能用明了、簡潔的結(jié)構(gòu)的時候就傾向于不用復(fù)雜、臃長的結(jié)構(gòu)，除非是為了達(dá)到特別的文體效果。如：

　　1.薰魚：smoked fish (請比較：fish that has been smoked，后者啰唆)

　　2.漿過的衣服starched clothes (請比較：clothes that have been starched)

　　3.我在報紙上讀到一篇文章，了解到鹽是高血壓的誘發(fā)因素。

　　I knew through a newspaper article that much intake of salt was an occasion of high blood pressure. (請比較：I read an article published on a newspaper and knew that…)

　　4.在學(xué)校里，哪個支系的學(xué)生多就使用哪種語言，但同一支系的學(xué)生相互交談又使用本支系的語言。

　　In schools, the language of the branch with the majority of students dominates the conversation, yet students from the same branch prefer their own language.

　　(請比較：In schools, the prevalent language is the filiation that has the largest number of student speakers, yet students from otherwise same branch still talk in their own language.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，前一句體現(xiàn)出英語物稱主語(impersonal subject)的特點，而students from the same branch prefer their own language寥寥數(shù)語，卻將“但同一支系的學(xué)生相互交談又使用本支系的語言”的意義交代得清清楚楚。)

　　5.這時迎親隊伍中的“長統(tǒng)”走出來，鄭重其事地倒出竹筒里的水酒給小姑娘喝，并送上一些喜糖和喜錢。

　　The Changtong will come forward and please them with wine and tip them with candies and money.

　　(請比較：The “Changtong” will come out of the troop and solemnly pour out wine for them to drink, and give them some wedding candies and money.)

　　6.有的地方，新娘將要進(jìn)入新郎家時，新郎家大門口要載上香蕉樹，意味子孫后代昌盛。同時還要載上甘蕉，意味著新生活節(jié)節(jié)甜。

　　In some places, the bridegroom plants some banana trees and sugar canes in front of his house, the banana trees a wish for the prosperity of later generations, and the sugar canes a sweet sign of a happy life.

　　(請比較：In some places, as the bride is to enter the bridegroom’s home, banana trees are planted in front of the house praying for offspring’s prosperity. Meanwhile, sugar canes are also planted with the hope that the new life is sweet in every section as the sugar cane.)

　　7.(新娘)羞羞答答，不言不語，來到了一道路障前。

　　Shy and quiet, she finds herself in front of a road barrier.

　　請再看其它的一些例子。

　　8.人捕捉它，將它制成標(biāo)本，作為一種商品去出售，價錢越來越高。

　　Man captures it, makes a specimen of it and sells it in the market at an increasingly high price.

　　9.我不指望你出名，只愿你身體好，沒病沒災(zāi)的。

　　I don’t expect you to be famous. All I want is for you to stay healthy, and safe from misfortune.

　　10.即使想起她，也是想起那個抱著剛滿月的孩子，雙膝跪在母親面前，臉色蒼白、兩眼盈淚的小姨。

　　The thought of her brought back her image as she knelt in front of Mother, her face pale and tearstained, her month-old infant in her arms.

　　11.他不多說話，但常常微笑。

　　He was a man of few words, but of all smiles.

　　12. ……是私人房產(chǎn)。房東并不因為它完全不像個樣子就將房租壓得便宜些。

　　The house was privately owned, and the landlord would not reduce the rent however ramshackle condition of the structure.