1. That sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the number of descendants an individual will have and hence the number of gene copies transmitted. (難度系數(shù)5，下同)
譯文：那種性別比例能在最大程度上增加一個個體所能擁有的后代數(shù)量，并因此能在最大程度上增加所傳遞到后代身上去的基因復(fù)制品的數(shù)量。
難句類型：倒裝、省略
本句的正常語序應(yīng)當(dāng)是：That sex ratio which maximizes the number of descendnts an individuall will have and hence the number of gene copies transmited will be favored.但是因?yàn)橹髡ZThat sex ratio之后的以which引導(dǎo)的修飾它的定語從句，如果按照以上語序，則有頭重腳輕之感。所以原文將此長長的從句倒裝成謂語will be favored之后。
在which引導(dǎo)的從句中，有兩處省略：第一處在maximize的第一個賓語the number of descendants that an individuall will have中， an individuall will have是修飾descendants的定語從句，但是，因?yàn)樵趶木渲凶鱤ave的賓語，所以引導(dǎo)詞that可以省略。第二處省略是在第二個the number of 之前，省略了與前面一樣的成分that sex ratio which maximizes. And hence在此表示后面的成分作為前面“最大化一個個體的后代的數(shù)目的”結(jié)果。
意群訓(xùn)練：That sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the number of descendants an individual will have and hence the number of gene copies transmitted.
2. (This is )A desire to throw over reality a light that never was might give away abruptly to the desire on the part of what we might consider a novelist-scientist to record exactly and concretely the structure and texture of a flower .(5++)(這是一種)
譯文：照亮現(xiàn)實(shí)的欲望，此欲望從來就不會唐突的取代后面的那種欲望，后者是我們可以將其部分的理解為一個兼任小說加和科學(xué)家的人想要去準(zhǔn)確并具體的記錄下一朵花的結(jié)構(gòu)和文理的那種意義上的欲望。
復(fù)雜+倒裝+省略;
解釋：本句子的難度在一切GRE、GMAT包括LSAT考試中所出現(xiàn)的難句中堪稱登峰造極，可以確定地講，類似此句子的難度的語言，在計(jì)算機(jī)考試的現(xiàn)場絕無可能出現(xiàn)。如果對此句話不感興趣，可以把其廢掉不讀。
A、 這句話讀起來別扭的第一個原因，是因?yàn)樗揪筒皇且粋€句子。句首省略了this is 。這種用一個詞代替一個句子的方式如果在書面語中出現(xiàn)，只能出現(xiàn)在高級英語中，因此我們以前的英語學(xué)習(xí)中從未遇到過。其形式類似于我們中文的“精彩”是“這句話真是精彩”的省略形式。
B、 desire后跟著兩個大的修飾成分，一個是to throw over reality a light，其中的a light 是被倒裝到了overreality之后，正常應(yīng)是throw a light over reality.不過這個便裝部分與throw距離不遠(yuǎn)，讀者看得還算懂。關(guān)鍵是第二個修飾成分。注意：從that開始直到句尾結(jié)束的長長的定語從句不是修飾其前的light的，而是修飾一開始的desire的。
C、 第二個修飾成分中又來了一個倒裝，由于作者為了強(qiáng)調(diào)never,所以將其提前，引發(fā)了定語從句中的倒裝：正常語序應(yīng)該是that might never be given away，倒裝后系動詞was被提前，given因?yàn)樵谇閼B(tài)動詞might之后所以變成了原型give。A give way to B，是A讓位于B，而A be given way to B， 則是A取代B。on the part of 之后的部分修飾后面的desire，what引導(dǎo)的從句現(xiàn)場閱讀時(shí)可以看成一個名詞。What從句中的不定式to recored exactly
and concretely the structure and texture of a flower中又有一個避免頭重腳輕的倒裝，正常語序應(yīng)該是to recored the structure and texture of a flower exactly and concretely。
D、 就算能夠看懂這句話的結(jié)構(gòu)，可能仍然理解不了意思。本句的意思是，哈代(注：人名老的沖動是一種簡單的、說明現(xiàn)實(shí)的欲望，新沖動是一種即是小說家又像科學(xué)家的仔細(xì)研究一個東西的特點(diǎn)那樣的欲望(新沖動)，前一種欲望是永遠(yuǎn)也不能取代后者的。
意群訓(xùn)練：(This is )A desire to throw over reality a light that never was might give away abruptly to the desire on the part of what we might consider a novelist-scientist to record exactly and concretely the structure and texture of a flower .
3. Hardy’s weakness derived from his apparent inability to control the comings and goings of these divergent impulses and from his unwillingness to cultivate and sustain the energetic and risky ones. (3)
譯文：哈代的缺陷一方面緣起于他的某種明顯的無能，無法控制好那結(jié)不盡相同的創(chuàng)作沖動的穿梭往來;另一方面緣起于他不愿意去培養(yǎng)和維持那些富于生機(jī)活力和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)性強(qiáng)的創(chuàng)作沖動。
解釋：介詞from的賓語有兩個并列的部分，由and所連接，在and之后的第二個from前，省略了前面一樣的謂語動詞derive。本句之所以難，有兩個原因，一是derived from 后面的成分太長，初學(xué)者難以一下子看下來;二是作為一篇文科文章，用詞抽象，難以迅速理解。
意群訓(xùn)練：Hardy's weakenss derived from his apparent inability to control the comings and goings of these divergent impulses and from his unwillingness to cultivate and sustain the energyetic and risky ones.
4. Virginia Woolf’s provocative statement about her intentions in writing Mrs. Dalloway has regularly been ignored by the critics，since it highlights an aspect of her literary interests very different from the traditional picture of the "poetic" novelist concerned with examining states of reverie and vision and with following the intricate pathways of individual consciousness. (5)譯文：弗吉尼亞.伍爾夫(Virginia Woolf)
譯文：在創(chuàng)作《黛洛維夫人》(Mrs. Dalloway)時(shí)有關(guān)其創(chuàng)作意圖的這番發(fā)人深思的陳述，迄今為止一貫為文學(xué)評論家們所忽略，因?yàn)樗怀龇从沉怂T多文學(xué)興趣中某一方面，而這一方面則與人們對“詩性”小說家(poetic novelist)所形成的傳統(tǒng)見解大相徑庭。所謂的“詩性”小說家，所關(guān)注的是審視想入非非和白日夢幻的諸般狀態(tài)，并致力于追尋個體意識的通幽曲徑。
難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾、省略、抽象詞
解釋：本句逗號以前只有復(fù)雜修飾的長主語有些難，但總的來講比較好懂，since引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句較難。
A、 since之后的it指前面的statement，highlight的賓語an aspect之后有兩個修飾成分，一個是of her literary interests， 另一個是以that引導(dǎo)的定語從句that is very different from the traditional picture of the poetic novelist，都是修飾an aspect的。Novelist后面又有由and 連接的兩個介詞結(jié)構(gòu)concerned with doing 修飾novelist.
B、 句中有兩處省略，一是在her literary interests that is very different from當(dāng)中，修飾interests的定語從句中引導(dǎo)詞+be that is 一起省略了。第二處在and之后，由于concerned with與前面的concerned with重復(fù)，所以concerned被省略。
C、 本句另外一個難懂的地方，就是使用了大量的抽象詞。這是文學(xué)市評論題材的文章的一個特點(diǎn)。
意群訓(xùn)練：Virginia Woolf’s provocative statement about her intentions in writing Mrs. Dalloway has regularly been ignored by the critics，since it highlights an aspect of her literary interests very different from the traditional picture of the "poetic" novelist concerned with examining states of reverie and vision and with following the intricate pathways of individual consciousness.
5. As she put it in The Common Reader , “It is safe to say that not a single law has been framed or one stone set upon another because of anything Chaucer said or wrote ; and yet , as we read him , we are absorbing morality at every pore .”(5-)
譯文：就像她在《致普通讀者》一書中所表達(dá)的那樣，“盡管可以毫無疑問的說，沒有任何法律被指定出來，也沒有任何高樓大廈被建立起來是因?yàn)閱疼耪f了什么或者寫了什么;然而，當(dāng)我們讀它的書的時(shí)候，我們身上每一個毛孔都充滿了道德”
抽象詞、抽象詞組、比喻
這句話不但用了詞抽象，還用了比喻的修辭手法。是指沒有因?yàn)閱疼诺难哉摱a(chǎn)生任何實(shí)際的行為規(guī)則或政治機(jī)構(gòu)，但我們受其影響之深，以及其影響力之大。As she put it in The Common Reader , “It is safe to say that not a single law has been framed or one stone set upon another because of anything Chaucer said or wrote ; and yet , as we read him , we are absorbing morality at every pore .”
6. With the conclusion of a burst activity , the lactic acid level is high in the body fluids , leaving the large animal vulnerable to attack until the acid is reconverted , via oxidative metabolism , by the liver into glucose , which is then sent (in part )back to the muscles for
glycogen resynthesis .(4+)
譯文：隨著爆發(fā)出來的運(yùn)動的結(jié)束，再體液中乳酸含量會變得很高，使得大型動物處于容易受到攻擊的狀態(tài)，直到乳酸通過有氧新陳代謝，被肝臟轉(zhuǎn)化成(convert into)葡萄糖，而葡萄糖接下來又會(部分)傳送回肌肉中重新合成糖原 。
難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾、插入語、專有名詞
解釋：本句中修飾成分極多，以分詞修飾和介詞結(jié)構(gòu)修飾為主，作各種類型的狀語。前面的狀語和主句還好理解，從leaving開始句子變難;leaving引導(dǎo)的直到句末的結(jié)構(gòu)來做整個句子的狀語;分詞中又包含了三個狀語，其中的兩個via oxidative metabolism by the liver又起到了插入語的作用，把be converted into拆成兩段。本句的另外一個特征是其中充斥著專有名詞。其中的body fluids, oxidative和resynthesis通過字面的意思或者根據(jù)詞頭、詞根我們還是應(yīng)該猜出其意思的，lactic acid, metabolism和muscle這三個詞在生物類文章中極其常用，大家應(yīng)該背下來;而glycogen這種東西則沒辦法，只能作一個首字母提煉。但是請記住，GRE和GMAT文章中只要出現(xiàn)了這種專有名詞，出題者是一定會在文章中把它在文章中所乃至的詞義解釋清楚的，所以讀者遇到文章中做了解釋的專有名詞，應(yīng)該力求把解釋看懂。
意群訓(xùn)練：With the conclusion of a burst activity , the lactic acid level is high in the body fluids, leaving the large animal vulnerable to attack until the acid is reconverted , via oxidative metabolism , by the liver into glucose , which is then sent (in part )back to the muscles for glycogen resynthesis .
7. Although Gutman admits that forced separation by sale was frequent，he shows that the slaves preference，revealed most clearly on plantations where sale was infrequent，was very much for stable monogamy. (3+)
譯文：雖然古特曼承認(rèn)，由于奴隸買賣而造成的被迫離散甚為頻繁，但他還是證明，奴隸的偏愛--在那些奴隸買賣并不頻繁的種植園上被最為顯著地揭示出來--在很大程度上側(cè)重于穩(wěn)定的一夫一妻制(monogamy)。
難句類型：插入語
解釋：本句中插入語的使用revealed most clearly on plantations where sale wa infrequent, 后半個分句中的主語that slaves' preference與系動詞was離得太遠(yuǎn)，造成閱讀的困難。
意群訓(xùn)練：Although Gutman admits that forced separation by sale was frequent，he shows that the slaves’ preference，revealed most clearly on plantations where sale was infrequent，was very much for stable monogamy.
8. Gutman argues convincingly that the stability of the Black family encouraged the transmission of-and so was crucial in sustaining-the Black heritage of folklore，music，and religious expression from one generation to another，a heritage that slaves were continually fashioning out of their African and American experiences. (4)
譯文：古特曼人令人信服地論辨道，黑人家庭的穩(wěn)定有助于包括民間傳說、音樂、及宗教表達(dá)在內(nèi)的黑人文化遺產(chǎn)一代一代傳遞下去，因而在維持文化遺產(chǎn)方面也起著至關(guān)重要的作用，而對于這種文化遺產(chǎn)，黑奴們不斷地從其非洲和美洲的經(jīng)歷中予以豐富發(fā)展。
難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾、插入語
解釋：由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中，encouraged的賓語the transmission of the Black heritage被同時(shí)表示并列和轉(zhuǎn)折的and so 分開，給讀者造成了閱讀上和理解上的困難。最后一個逗號后面的部分是修飾前面的black 的同位語。
