CATTI二級筆譯日常練習(xí)：該如何緩解孤獨感？

CATTI是學(xué)英語人的一塊試金石，平時都覺得自己英語學(xué)的還行，試過CATTI就知道自己是什么水平了。這里還是建議大家實踐為主，因為翻譯這種東西，經(jīng)驗和技巧太重要了。下面是小編整理的關(guān)于CATTI二級筆譯日常練習(xí)：該如何緩解孤獨感？的內(nèi)容，希望對你有所幫助！

　　經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人原文：

　　①The longer a quarantine goes on, the greater the effect on people’s mental health. ②A study, which looked at the impact of SARS, found that those who were quarantined for more than ten days were significantly more likely to display symptoms of PTSD than those confined for fewer than ten days. ③Even under the tightest restrictions, people find ways to cope. ④Writing in the New York Times, Scott Kelly, a former astronaut who spent a year on the International Space Station, suggested that keeping a routine and writing a journal can help ease loneliness. ⑤Talking to friends and family over video calls helps, too—though the clunkiness of much of the software makes them an imperfect substitute for an encounter in person. ⑥Studies have shown that those who feel they have “supportive people” in their social networks are less likely to react to stressful circumstances than those who do not.

　　參考譯文：

　　隔離時間越久，對人的心理健康影響就越大。一項針對SARS的研究顯示，隔離時間超過10天的人比隔離期不到10天的人更有可能出現(xiàn)創(chuàng)傷后應(yīng)激障礙(簡稱PTSD)的癥狀。但即便在最嚴(yán)厲的限制措施下，人們也能找到應(yīng)對的方法。在國際空間站待了近一年的前NASA宇航員斯科特·凱利(Scott Kelly)在《紐約時報》上撰文，指出隔離期間保持良好的作息習(xí)慣和寫日記有助于緩解孤獨感。盡管大部分軟件使用起來沒那么方便，與親友視頻通話比不上面對面交流，但同樣也有助于降低孤獨感。多項研究表明，知道身邊有人會幫助自己，也有助于減輕一個人的精神壓力。

　　段落分析：第①句是總領(lǐng)句，點明主旨：隔離時間越久，對人的心理健康影響就越大;第②句通過針對SARS的一項研究說明隔離時間更久更容易出現(xiàn)心理健康問題;

　　第③句屬于承上啟下句，指出在面對隔離帶來的心理健康威脅時，人們有辦法應(yīng)對，同時引出后面對ways的具體說明;第④⑤⑥句分別介紹了“隔離期間”三種緩解孤獨感和壓力的方法。

　　第一句：The longer a quarantine goes on, the greater the effect on people’s mental health.

　　隔離時間越久，對人的心理健康影響就越大。

　　1. 比較級的用法：the +比較級……, the +比較級……，譯為“越……，就越……”。如金融時報例句：

　　But the longer that this drought continues, the bigger the policy issues become.

　　但信貸枯竭持續(xù)時間越長，政策問題就會越嚴(yán)重。

　　2. quarantine 美[ˈkwɔːrəntiːn]：這個詞最近很常見了，它既可以作動詞，也可以作名詞。

　　A. 作動詞，表示“對……進(jìn)行隔離/檢疫”。如金融時報上有一篇文章標(biāo)題就叫作：

　　China quarantines city in effort to contain viral outbreak

　　武漢封城，以遏制疫情蔓延;

　　B. 作名詞，表示“檢疫;隔離”。經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人上有句話是這么說的：

　　She is serving out the last few days of a two-week quarantine that local officials said new arrivals must undergo.

　　按照當(dāng)?shù)卣螅刖橙藛T需隔離14天，現(xiàn)在她還有最后幾天隔離期就結(jié)束了。

　　今天這句話的quarantine是名詞，表示“隔離”。

　　3. 一詞多義：go on可以表示“繼續(xù);進(jìn)行;持續(xù);發(fā)生;時間流逝”，今天這個goes on表示“持續(xù);繼續(xù)”之意。如經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人例句：

　　But at least they may be realising that things cannot go on like this.

　　不過，至少他們可能已經(jīng)認(rèn)識到事態(tài)不能再繼續(xù)這樣下去了。

　　goes on也可以說continues。

　　4. 注意介詞搭配：the effect on表示“對……的影響”，使用介詞on，也可以說the impact on，第二句就使用了這個。

　　第二句：A study, which looked at the impact of SARS, found that those who were quarantined for more than ten days were significantly more likely to display symptoms of PTSD than those confined for fewer than ten days.

　　一項針對SARS的研究顯示，隔離時間超過10天的人比隔離期不到10天的人更有可能出現(xiàn)創(chuàng)傷后應(yīng)激障礙(簡稱PTSD)的癥狀。

　　1. 句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析：主干是A study found that...其中which looked at the impact of SARS是A study的定語從句, that those who were quarantined for more than ten days were significantly more likely to display symptoms of PTSD than those confined for fewer than ten days是found的賓語從句。

　　賓語從句中的主干是those were significantly more likely to display symptoms of PTSD than those，其中who were quarantined for more than ten days是those的定語從句，confined for fewer than ten days是those的后置定語。

　　2. 固定句型：A study looked at ...當(dāng)作一個固定句型來記，表示“針對……的研究;研究了……;研究內(nèi)容包括……”，looked at也可以寫為took a look at，我們在CATTI和MTI翻譯班里講過一個類似的句子：

　　The most recent Allstate/National Journal Heartland Monitor poll took a look at how they feel about the areas they call home.

　　今后我們在英語作文寫作中，說明報告、研究的內(nèi)容時，就可以借鑒這一部分的寫作句式：The research/study looked at/took a look at …

　　The film gives a close-up look at how the cultures adjust to one another.

　　The film gives a look at就表示電影探討了/講述了什么內(nèi)容。

　　3. 固定句型：A study, which looked at ..., found that ...也可以當(dāng)作一個固定句型來記，意思是“一項針對……研究顯示/發(fā)現(xiàn)/表明”。

　　其中found that也可以換為showed that，suggested that，said that，revealed that，還可以用according to。

　　4. 固定表達(dá)：were significantly more likely to ... than ...是固定表達(dá)，意思是“比……更可能”。如經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人例句：

　　Secretaries, waiters and journalists were significantly more likely to think themselves middle-class than accountants, computer programmers or civil servants.

　　與會計師、電腦程序員或公務(wù)員相比，秘書、侍應(yīng)生和記者明顯更傾向于把自己歸為中產(chǎn)階級。

　　5. 同義詞替換：display symptoms of表示“出現(xiàn)……癥狀”?！俺霈F(xiàn)癥狀”除了用display，也可以說show，have，develop，如世衛(wèi)組織官網(wǎng)上的這句：

　　In addition, during the week before the child developed symptoms, her mother purchased chickens from a local market.

　　此外，在該女童出現(xiàn)癥狀的前一周，其母親曾在當(dāng)?shù)厥袌鲑I雞。

　　還比如develop symptoms of arsenic poisoning 出現(xiàn)砷中毒癥狀。

　　5. PTSD：創(chuàng)傷后應(yīng)激障礙(post‐traumatic stress disorder，簡稱PTSD)是指個體經(jīng)歷、目睹或遭遇到一個或多個涉及自身或他人的實際死亡，或受到死亡的威脅，或嚴(yán)重的受傷，或軀體完整性受到威脅后，所導(dǎo)致的個體延遲出現(xiàn)和持續(xù)存在的精神障礙。

　　6. confined for和quarantined for在這里是同義表達(dá)，都表示“隔離多久”。“居家隔離”可以說be confined to one’s homes。

　　第三句：Even under the tightest restrictions, people find ways to cope.

　　但即便在最嚴(yán)厲的限制措施下，人們也能找到應(yīng)對的方法。

　　1. restriction既可以作不可數(shù)名詞，表示“限制;約束”，如sports clothes that prevent any restriction of movement 寬松的運動服;

　　也可以是可數(shù)名詞，表示“限制措施;限制規(guī)定;制約因素”，restrictions在今天這里是可數(shù)名詞，表示“限制措施，限制規(guī)定”。如金融時報上的這句話：

　　Giuseppe Conte, Italy’s prime minster, from Tuesday imposed restrictions on the movement of the whole of Italy.

　　意大利總理朱塞佩•孔特(Giuseppe Conte)宣布從周二開始限制整個意大利的人員移動。

　　imposed restrictions on表示實施限制措施，impose也可以說place。

　　2. cope表示“解決;應(yīng)對”?！霸O(shè)法應(yīng)對”可以說manage to cope。我們知道cope是不及物動詞，所以處理/應(yīng)對某事是cope with sth。如ted上這句：

　　We have a real major outbreak of disease in the United States, we are not prepared to cope with it.

　　面對美國此次疾病大爆發(fā)，我們完全沒準(zhǔn)備好應(yīng)對。

　　3. find ways to cope：to do可以理解為ways的修飾成分，也可以理解為目的。

以上就是小編整理的關(guān)于CATTI二級筆譯日常練習(xí)：該如何緩解孤獨感？的內(nèi)容，大家切記要經(jīng)常動手翻譯，堅持一段時間，一定會獲益頗豐！