異類之不一樣的成功啟示錄 第71期:起跑線上的懸殊

As it turns out, Alex Williams is black and Katie Brindle is white.

亞歷克斯·威廉斯是黑人而卡蒂·布琳德?tīng)柺前兹恕?/p>

Alex has those skills because over the course of his young life, his mother and father, in the manner of educated families, have painstakingly taught them to him,

這是因?yàn)閮?yōu)勢(shì)。亞歷克斯之所以有這些技能，是因?yàn)樵谒贻p的生命中，他的父親和母親——以富有教養(yǎng)的家庭的一貫作風(fēng)——頗費(fèi)心機(jī)地把自己身上曾受過(guò)的教育方法用在孩子身上，

nudging, and prodding and encouraging and showing him the rules of the game, right down to that rehearsal in the car on the way to the doctor's office.

向他展示游戲的規(guī)則，不斷提醒他、刺激他、激勵(lì)他，即便是駕車去看醫(yī)生的路上，也沒(méi)忘記來(lái)一場(chǎng)逼真的小預(yù)演。

When we talk about the advantages of class, Lareau argues, this is in large part what we mean.

拉里奧認(rèn)為，我們所說(shuō)的階層優(yōu)勢(shì)事實(shí)上包含很多方面。

Alex Williams is better off than Katie Brindle because he's wealthier and because he goes to better school,

亞歷克斯·威廉斯的境遇好于卡蒂·布琳德?tīng)?，是因?yàn)樗钤诟挥械募彝ィ驗(yàn)樗谝凰^好的學(xué)校念書(shū)，

but also, and perhaps, even more critically, because the sense of entitlement that he has been taught is an attitude perfectly suited to succeeding in the modern world.

另一個(gè)原因,并且這可能是最為重要的原因——是因?yàn)樗邮艿搅藱?quán)利觀念的教育，這種意識(shí)是一個(gè)人在現(xiàn)代社會(huì)取得成功必不可少的因素。

This is the advantage that Oppenheimer had over Christ Langan.

這就是奧本海默擁有但克里斯·蘭根缺乏的優(yōu)勢(shì)。

He was raised in one of the wealthiest neighborhoods in Manhattan, the son of an artist and a successful garment manufacturer.

奧本海默是一位藝術(shù)家和一位成功的外衣制造商的兒子，他自小生長(zhǎng)在鄰近曼哈頓的一個(gè)最富有的地區(qū)。

His childhood was the embodiment of concerted cultivation.

孩童時(shí)候的奧本海默完全屬于協(xié)同培養(yǎng)。

On weekends, the Oppenheimers will go driving in the countryside in a chauffeur-driven Packard.

一到周末，便有專人駕駛帕克汽車把奧本海默送到郊區(qū);

Summers he wiould be taken to Europe to see his grandfather.

夏天，他會(huì)到歐洲探望他的祖父。

He attended the Ethical Culture Shool on Central Park West, perhaps the most progressive school in the nation, where, his biographers write, students were "infused with the notion that they have been groomed to reform the world."

他進(jìn)入了位于中央公園西部路的道德文化學(xué)校，這也許是美國(guó)最進(jìn)步的學(xué)校，正如奧本海默的傳記里面說(shuō)的，這里的學(xué)生“被不斷灌輸自己是為改善世界而生的觀念”。

When his math teacher realized he was bored, she sent him off to do independent work.

當(dāng)奧本海默的數(shù)學(xué)老師終于厭倦了奧本海默的糾纏時(shí)，她就讓奧本海默自己去琢磨問(wèn)題。

As a child, Oppenheimer's great passion was rock collecting.

還在孩童時(shí)期，奧本海默就非常喜好收集巖石。

At the age of twelve, he began corresponding with local geologists about rock formations he had seen in Central Park.

12歲那年，他嘗試和當(dāng)?shù)氐牡刭|(zhì)學(xué)家通信，討論在中央公園看到的那些巖石的構(gòu)成，

And he soon impressed them, they invited him to give a lecture before the New York Mineralogical Club.

這給地質(zhì)學(xué)家們留下了深刻的印象，他們邀請(qǐng)奧本海默到紐約礦物學(xué)俱樂(lè)部發(fā)表演說(shuō)。

As Sherwin and Bird write, Oppenheimer's parents responded to their son's hobby in an almost textbook example of concerted cultivation.

根據(jù)舍溫和博德的記錄，奧本海默的父母對(duì)他們兒子這個(gè)業(yè)余愛(ài)好的反應(yīng)完全可以寫(xiě)入?yún)f(xié)同培養(yǎng)經(jīng)典教材的案例：