異類(lèi)：不一樣的成功啟示錄 第16期:曲棍球巡回賽的重要性

And what happens when a player gets chosen for a rep squad?

一個(gè)球員如果能有幸進(jìn)入曲棍球巡回賽，他將獲得什么?

He gets better coaching,

他會(huì)擁有優(yōu)秀的教練、

and his teammates are better,

更出色的隊(duì)友、

and he plays fifty or seventy-five games a season

一個(gè)賽季50到75次的出場(chǎng)機(jī)會(huì)，

instead of twenty games a season

而不是像一個(gè)賽季只有20次的出場(chǎng)機(jī)會(huì)的

like those left behind in the "house" league,

“社區(qū)聯(lián)賽” 一樣，

and he practices twice or even three times more than he would have otherwise.

他的比賽時(shí)間增加了兩到三倍。

In the beginning, his advantage wasn't so much that he was inherently better

起初，他的優(yōu)勢(shì)或許并不明顯，

but only that he was a little older,

但只要他是一塊好料子，

but by the age of thirteen or fourteen,

當(dāng)他13歲或者14歲的時(shí)候，

with the benefit of better coaching and all that extra practise under his belt,

就可以發(fā)現(xiàn)通過(guò)良好的培訓(xùn)和有針對(duì)性的練習(xí)，

he really is better.

他就能證明自己是真正的優(yōu)秀者。

So he is the one more likely to make it to Major Junior A, and from there into the big leagues.

他就很可能被選進(jìn)加拿大曲棍球聯(lián)賽，從這里，他將走進(jìn)更為頂尖的聯(lián)賽。

Barnsley argues that this kind of skewed age distributions

巴恩斯利認(rèn)為，

exist wherever three things happen:

在球員篩選、人才分類(lèi)和區(qū)別培訓(xùn)三個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)，

selection, streaming, and differentiated experience.

無(wú)一例外地存在馬太效應(yīng)。

If you make a dicision about who is good and who is not at an early age;

假如你從球員年齡很小的時(shí)候便確定誰(shuí)優(yōu)秀誰(shuí)較差，

if you separate the so-called talented from the so-called untalented;

假如你要從“平庸者”當(dāng)中挑選出“佼佼者”，

and if you provide the so-called talented with a superior experience,

假如你要為“佼佼者”的訓(xùn)練開(kāi)小灶，

then you are going to end up giving a huge advantage to that small group of people born closest to the cutoff date.

那么，你最終會(huì)把機(jī)會(huì)留給一小部分球員，這些球員的出生日期最為接近法定注冊(cè)時(shí)間。

In the United States, football and basketball don't have these problems,

但在美國(guó)，橄欖球和籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)都不存在這類(lèi)現(xiàn)象。

they don't select and stream and differentiate quite as dramatically.

這兩類(lèi)運(yùn)動(dòng)不存在球員篩選、人才分類(lèi)和區(qū)別培訓(xùn)的問(wèn)題，

As a result, a child can be a bit behind physically in those sports

結(jié)果，很多年幼的小孩，雖然體質(zhì)上處于弱勢(shì)，

and still play as much as his or her more mature peers.

但依舊和那些比他或者她更為成熟年長(zhǎng)的人同場(chǎng)競(jìng)技。

But baseball does.

但棒球運(yùn)動(dòng)卻存在這類(lèi)問(wèn)題。

The cutoff date for almost all nonschool baseball leagues in the United States is July 31,

在美國(guó)，非學(xué)校棒球聯(lián)賽的法定注冊(cè)時(shí)間是7月31 日,結(jié)果聯(lián)賽中，

with the result that more major league players are born in August than any other month.

8月份出生的球員遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)多于其他月份出生的球員。

The numbers are striking:

數(shù)字令人驚訝：

In 2005, there were 505 Americans born in August playing major league baseball

在2005年美國(guó)棒球聯(lián)賽中，有505名球員出生在8月份，

versus 313 born in July.

7月份出生的球員只有313人。