異類:不一樣的成功啟示錄 第17期:不公正的偏見

European soccer, similarly, is organized like hockey and baseball,

歐洲足球的組織模式和曲棍球、棒球的模式非常相似，

and the birth-date distributions in that sport are heavily skewed as well.

球員的出生日期呈現(xiàn)出一邊倒的趨勢，

In England, the eligibility date is September 1,

在英國足球聯(lián)賽，球員注冊的法定時間是9月1日，

and in the football association's premier league at one point in 1990s,

在前幾年的英超聯(lián)賽中，

there were 288 players born between September and November

有288名球員出生在9月份至11月份，

and only 136 players born between June and August.

僅僅136名球員出生在6月份至8月份。

In international soccer, the cutoff date used to be August 1,

國際足聯(lián)規(guī)定的球員注冊時間，一貫是8月1日，

and in one recent junior world championship tournament,

在一屆世界青少年足球錦標(biāo)賽中，

there were 135 players born in the first three months after August 1,

有135名球員在8月1日之后的三個月出生，

and just 22 born in May, June and July.

僅僅22名球員出生在5月份、6月份和7月份，

Today the cutoff date for international junior soccer is January 1,

現(xiàn)在，國際足聯(lián)青少年錦標(biāo)賽的注冊時間調(diào)整成了1月1日。

and if you look at the roster of the 2007 Czechoslovakian National Junior Soccer team,

讓我們看看2007年奪得世青賽冠軍

which made the Junior World Cup finals.

的捷克斯洛伐克世靑隊的出場球員名單。

You know what you find?

你會發(fā)現(xiàn)些什么?

Of the team's twenty-one players, six were born in January.

二十一名出場隊員中，有六位是1月份出生的。

Six were born in February,

有六位是2月份出生的，

three were born in March,

3月份出生的有三位，

one was born in April,

而四月份出生地只有一位。

and no one on the team was born after the end of September.

這個隊里并沒有9月份以后出生的球員。

At the national team tryouts,

在國家隊的集訓(xùn)中，

the Czech soccer coaches might as well have told everyone born after midsummer to pack their bags and go home.

捷克隊的教練組或許可以勸告夏季中期之后出生的每一位球員，收拾行李回家，沒必要留在國家隊。

Hockey and soccer are just games of course, involving a select few.

曲棍球和足球畢竟只是一項運動，參與的人數(shù)不多。

But these exact same biases also show up in areas of much more consequence, like education.

但在其他非常重要的領(lǐng)域，這種偏見依舊頑固地存在著，例如教育領(lǐng)域。

Parents with a child born at the end of the calender year

比入學(xué)月份晚一些出生的同一入學(xué)年齡的兒童，

often think about holding their child back before the start of kindergarten.

他們的家長常常希望把自己的孩子從幼兒園領(lǐng)回家。