專門替中國人寫的英語語法11-3：形容詞子句（Adjective Clauses）

　　11-3 形容詞子句(Adjective Clauses)

　　在上二節(jié)，子句都是用作名詞的。在這一節(jié)，我們要介紹一種新的子句，那就是形容詞子句。請看以的中文句子：

　　位在那房子里的人是我的哥哥。

　　我們不能直接了當(dāng)?shù)貙⒁陨系木渥幼g成：

　　*The person live in that house is my brother

　　第一種辦法是將live in the house改成living in the house，也就是說，我們可以將那個(gè)中文句子譯成下列的形式：

　　The person living in the house is my brother.

　　以上的句子中，living in the house是一個(gè)詞組，我們可以將這個(gè)詞組改成子句。因此，以下的翻譯是正確的：

　　The person who lives in the house is my brother.

　　在以上的句子中，who lives in the house是一個(gè)子句，因?yàn)樗兄髟~，也有動(dòng)詞。他的作用是形容The person，所以是一個(gè)形容詞子句。 由于形容詞子句永遠(yuǎn)都是在形容一個(gè)名詞，因此我們在這個(gè)子句中必需有一個(gè)代名詞(pronoun)，像who, when, where, whom等。

　　以下是一些形容詞子句的例子，讀者應(yīng)該弄清楚每一個(gè)形容詞子句所形容的名詞。

　　The people who live in the country are often very healthy.(住在鄉(xiāng)下的人常常很健康)

　　Do you like people who always talk about themselves.(你喜歡那些永遠(yuǎn)講他自己的人嗎?)

　　The house which we bought last year is located beside a lake.(我們?nèi)ツ曩I的房子座落在湖邊)

　　I met your uncle who has a red car.(我遇見了你的有紅色汽車的叔叔)

　　Do you know the author who wrote this novel?(你知道寫這本書的作者嗎?)

　　I have been to the house where Charles Dickens lived.(我曾去過狄更司住過的房子)

　　I don't remember the year when the Second World War broke out.(我不記得二次世界大戰(zhàn)哪一年爆發(fā)的)

　　Let me know the date when you got married.(讓我知道你是哪一天結(jié)婚的)

　　I bought the car which Michael Johnson drove.(我下了麥克強(qiáng)森開的車子)

　　The storm which hit India last week is very strong. (上周襲擊印度的暴風(fēng)雨是很強(qiáng)烈的)

　　I thank all of you who helped me.(我要謝謝所有幫助過我的人)

　　The girl whom you met last night works in a library.(你昨晚碰到的女孩子在一個(gè)圖書館里工作)

　　The students whom you taught like you very much.(那些你教過的學(xué)生很喜歡你)

　　I like the professor who taught me English.(我喜歡那位教我英文的老師)

　　In this country, there are a lot of students who go to school by bus.(這個(gè)國家有很多學(xué)生搭乘公車上學(xué))

　　Have you heard about the murder case that occurred last night?(你有沒有聽到有關(guān)昨天晚上發(fā)生的謀殺案?)

　　Those who love others will be loved by others.(愛人者人恒愛之)

　　He is a person whom everyone is talking about these days.(他是大家最近在討論的人)

　　The party which I went to is interesting.(我去參加的宴會(huì)很有趣)

　　The professor whom I spoke to is very friendly.(這位我和他談話的教授很和善)

　　Russia, which this island belongs to, is a big country.(這個(gè)島嶼屬于俄國，俄國是一個(gè)大的國家)

　　請注意以上最后的四個(gè)句子，它們有一個(gè)共同的特性，那就是子句的最后一個(gè)字是一個(gè)介系詞(preposition)，我們先看第一個(gè)句子：

　　He is a person whom everyone is talking about these days.

　　這一句話可以分成兩個(gè)句子來講

　　He is a person.

　　Everyone is talking about him these days.

　　因此我們將這兩句話合并而成為

　　He is a person whom everyone is talking about these days.

　　在正式的英文中，我們必須說：

　　He is a person about whom everyone is talking these days.

　　再看下一句：

　　The party Which I went to is interesting.

　　這句話也可以分成兩句來講：

　　The party is interesting.

　　I went to the party.

　　因此我們將兩個(gè)句子合并為一個(gè)句子：

　　The party which I went to is interesting.

　　正式的講法應(yīng)該是

　　The party to which I went is interesting.

　　同理，在正式英文中，其它二個(gè)名詞子句中的介系詞，也應(yīng)該放到前面去：

　　The professor to whom I spoke is very friendly.

　　Russia, to which this island belongs, is a big country.

　　我們還有一點(diǎn)必須在此指出，請看以下錯(cuò)誤的句子：

　　*I like the book which you gave it to me.

　　以上句子中的it是多余的，因?yàn)間ave的受詞是which，不需要加it。

　　以下的句子都是錯(cuò)的：

　　*He is the person whom everyone loves him.

　　*He is not the person whom you saw him.