CNN News:關(guān)于美國(guó)首例埃博拉病毒患者感染病毒原因分析剖析

Hi, I`m Carl Azuz. This is CNN STUDENT NEWS. Thank you for giving us ten minutes to get you updated on current events. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says when Thomas Eric Duncan started his trip from Liberia to the U.S., he showed no signs of having the deadly Ebola virus. But witnesses in Liberia say he`d had contact with Ebola victims there. And Liberian officials say when Duncan was asked if he`d had such contact, he said "No." After his arrival in Texas, he became the first person diagnosed in the U.S. with the disease. Those he stayed with have been quarantined, health officials are reaching out to others Duncan met with. So far no one else has contracted the virus, but there are a lot of questions.

大家好，我是Carl Azuz，這里是CNN學(xué)生新聞，感謝大家給我們十分鐘時(shí)間帶大家分享最近發(fā)生的時(shí)事新聞。美國(guó)疾病控制和預(yù)防中心表示鄧肯回國(guó)時(shí)并沒(méi)有被檢查出有埃博拉明顯癥狀。利比亞官方也表示當(dāng)問(wèn)及鄧肯是否有過(guò)與埃博拉患者親密接觸時(shí)，他說(shuō)沒(méi)有。當(dāng)他抵達(dá)德克薩斯州的時(shí)候，他成為了美國(guó)發(fā)現(xiàn)的首例埃博拉病毒患者。曾經(jīng)與鄧肯有過(guò)親密接觸的人已經(jīng)被隔離，衛(wèi)生部門(mén)官員正在尋找曾經(jīng)與鄧肯有過(guò)親密接觸的人。目前為止沒(méi)有其他人感染病毒，但是整個(gè)事件仍是謎團(tuán)籠罩。

They can be quite similar, and that can be confusing, and keep in mind people come back with fevers and cough.

這些患者病癥很相似，很容易產(chǎn)生混亂，你需要牢牢記住那些發(fā)燒咳嗽的患者一般都是埃博拉癥狀。

There can be all sorts of different things

下面是區(qū)分埃博拉病癥與其他病癥的不同。

Here`s the big critical difference with Ebola: a travel history and the history of any particular risks is absolutely crucial. This particular gentleman that we are talking about in Dallas, for example, went into the hospital on the 26, the first time. Went to the hospital himself or herself, but was not asked about travel history.

區(qū)分是否為埃博拉病癥的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵區(qū)別為,一段旅行經(jīng)歷和旅行中出現(xiàn)的任何可能感染埃博拉病毒的經(jīng)歷都非常關(guān)鍵。這個(gè)特別的先生，抵達(dá)達(dá)拉斯的這位先生為例，在26號(hào)第一次被送往醫(yī)院。單獨(dú)自己去的醫(yī)院，并沒(méi)有被問(wèn)及旅行經(jīng)歷。

When he got on the plane, he wasn`t sick, when he got off of the plane, he wasn`t sick. Very important, because one thing that we keep hearing over and over again, I think it is an important point, is that you don`t spread this virus until you`re sick yourself. So the fact that he was - known as the incubation period. Carrying the virus clearly in his body, but not spreading it.

當(dāng)他上飛機(jī)的時(shí)候沒(méi)有檢測(cè)感染，下飛機(jī)的時(shí)候也沒(méi)有被檢測(cè)出攜帶有埃博拉病毒。他并沒(méi)有病。這點(diǎn)非常關(guān)鍵，當(dāng)你沒(méi)有被檢測(cè)出患有埃博拉病毒的時(shí)候不能傳播病毒，直到可以檢測(cè)出體內(nèi)的病毒。所以事實(shí)就是，顯然病毒在他的體內(nèi)有一段潛伏期，但是沒(méi)有擴(kuò)散。

If someone were to land in the United States and have developed symptoms, they got on the plane totally healthy, got off the plane and now sick, then that would prompt the medical evaluation of once they got here to the United States. So, the real key to this is trying to detect screen before people get out in planes from countries where Ebola is known to be, such as these - these three countries in West Africa.

如果有人在上飛機(jī)之前和下飛機(jī)之后都沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)任何生病癥狀，但是抵達(dá)美國(guó)本土之后卻出現(xiàn)了癥狀的話，當(dāng)?shù)竭_(dá)美國(guó)之后就會(huì)提交一份醫(yī)療評(píng)估。所以，這是跟蹤調(diào)查來(lái)自西非國(guó)家旅客從而得知埃博拉源頭的關(guān)鍵，例如西非這三個(gè)國(guó)家。

Part of the problem is that, you know, if someone gets sick, during the time that they are sick, but not yet in the hospital, they come in contact with lots of people. They need to go back and trace those people. It`s called contact tracing. If you miss the contacts and one of those people gets sick, then you can start to have a whole another group of people who could potentially become infected.

但是其中的問(wèn)題是，如果有人感染病毒了，恰好那段時(shí)間有沒(méi)有在醫(yī)院，從而可能會(huì)與其他很多人有過(guò)接觸。所以還需要重新找到那些與感染者有過(guò)親密接觸的人。這被稱(chēng)之為接觸追蹤。如果漏掉一個(gè)接觸者，恰好也感染了病毒的話，那將會(huì)重新感染另外一些接觸群體人員。

Ebola can`t live outside the body on surfaces. I think that`s part of this question. It can`t do that. If it`s exposed to sunlight obviously, if the handrails are cleaned or something like that, that would deactivate the virus, but let`s say those things don`t happen. The virus can (ph) live there, even for several days.

埃博拉病毒不會(huì)再身體外部存活，我認(rèn)為這是問(wèn)題的一部分。病毒做不到在體外存活。如果病毒直接暴露在陽(yáng)光下面，如果扶手被清洗了或者怎樣，就會(huì)抑制病毒的存在，但是這種事情卻不可能發(fā)生。病毒可以在體外生存，甚至可以存留好幾天。

While Ebola can live in all sorts of different bodily fluids, it`s less likely to be transmitted through coughs or sneezes, much more likely to be transmitted through blood.

埃博拉病毒可以在各種不同的體液中生存，不太可能通過(guò)咳嗽或者打噴嚏傳播，更可能是通過(guò)血液來(lái)進(jìn)行傳播。