CNN News:世界經(jīng)濟(jì)陷入衰退困境

Fridays are awesome. This is the 10 minutes of commercial free current events known as CNN STUDENT NEWS. My name is Carl Azuz. If you were to ride a rollercoaster with ups and downs like the stock market`s had recently, you`d be sick. The Dow Jones Industrial Average is exactly that, an average of 30 significant stocks in the New York Stock Exchange. It`s one measure of how the whole stock market is doing. Wednesday, it jumped; yesterday, it dropped. 335 points, its worst day of the year in points. Why? One reason is the European economy.

又到周五了，這里是不含商業(yè)廣告的十分鐘時(shí)事新聞，CNN學(xué)生新聞。我是Carl Azuz。如果你像股市漲幅忽上忽下一樣坐過(guò)山車的話你會(huì)感到惡心。瓊斯工業(yè)指數(shù)就像是在坐過(guò)山車，平均有30股股票在紐約交易所出現(xiàn)?，F(xiàn)在紐約交易所股市只有一個(gè)舉動(dòng)，就是周三的時(shí)候上升，昨天下降，335個(gè)百分點(diǎn)，一年中跌的最嚴(yán)重的一次。為什么呢?其中一個(gè)原因就是歐洲經(jīng)濟(jì)。

Investors are getting nervous that Germany, Europe`s biggest economy, could slip into a recession. And when investors get nervous, they sell stocks.

投資者越來(lái)越擔(dān)心歐洲最大的經(jīng)濟(jì)體，德國(guó)，將會(huì)陷入衰退危機(jī)。當(dāng)投資者感到危機(jī)的時(shí)候，他們就會(huì)賣掉手中的股票。

Another reason, The Fed. Its recent moves indicate that it thinks global economic growth may be slowing down.

另一個(gè)原因就是美國(guó)聯(lián)邦儲(chǔ)蓄。近期的行動(dòng)表明全球經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)局勢(shì)可能放緩。

So we`ve all heard that phrase, that, you know, money makes the world go around, but you may have asked yourself once or twice, OK, well, who makes the money go around? And so the answer is the Federal Reserve, or as my friends and I like to call it, the Fed. So the Fed is pretty much unlike any other U.S. institution that I can think of. It`s run by a board of governors based in Washington, D.C. It had 12 Federal Reserve banks located around the main banking centers of the country. So places like New York, San Francisco, Philadelphia. The presidents of these banks and the board of governors, they meet eight times a year to make big policy decisions and to ensure the economy is moving at a stable clip. So the Congress oversees the Fed, but the Fed does not really answer to Congress. The Fed operates completely independently, because the Fed doesn`t care about politics. All it cares about is basically two things. Number one, keeping prices stable. And no. 2, trying its best to ensure that everybody who wants a job gets one.

我們?cè)?jīng)聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)一句話，叫金錢推動(dòng)世界運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，但是你可能會(huì)不止一次的問(wèn)過(guò)自己，誰(shuí)推動(dòng)金錢運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。答案就是美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)。所以美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)與其他任何我可以想象到的機(jī)構(gòu)都不同。美國(guó)聯(lián)邦儲(chǔ)蓄銀行由以華盛頓官員組成董事會(huì)，在全國(guó)擁有12個(gè)聯(lián)邦儲(chǔ)蓄分行，分布在全國(guó)主要的金融中心。例如紐約，舊金山和費(fèi)城。這些銀行總裁和董事會(huì)每年都會(huì)舉行八次會(huì)議作出重要政策決定來(lái)確保經(jīng)濟(jì)穩(wěn)定發(fā)展。因此國(guó)會(huì)會(huì)監(jiān)督美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)工作，但是美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)沒(méi)有真正對(duì)國(guó)會(huì)提出過(guò)回應(yīng)。美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)完全獨(dú)立運(yùn)作，因?yàn)樗⒉魂P(guān)心政治政策，只是關(guān)心兩大基礎(chǔ)事情。第一是保持價(jià)格穩(wěn)定，第二是確保所有人有工作可做。

So if the economy is heating up, it tries to cool things down by raising the cost of borrowing by making it harder to borrow money. And if things are getting too cold, it does the opposite. So you can sort of think of the Fed like Goldilocks. It doesn`t really like things too hot, too cold. It wants everything to be just right.

如果經(jīng)濟(jì)一直升溫，美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)將會(huì)通過(guò)提高貨幣價(jià)格提升借貸成本來(lái)平穩(wěn)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。反之亦然。所以你可以簡(jiǎn)單的認(rèn)為美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)就像是金發(fā)姑娘，既不喜歡太冷也不喜歡太熱。剛剛好即好。