新編大學(xué)英語(yǔ)閱讀(浙大版)01

[00:00.00]Physical Attractiveness [00:01.51]外表的吸引力 [00:03.02]1 What do you look for in a potential date? [00:04.64]你對(duì)將來(lái)的約會(huì)的對(duì)象有什么期盼？ [00:06.26]Sincerity?Good looks?Character?Conversational ability? [00:09.90]希望他（她）真誠(chéng)？貌美？品德優(yōu)良？有口才？ [00:13.54]Asked to rank such attributes,most intellectuals put physical attractiveness near the bottom of the list. [00:17.42]當(dāng)要求為這些特征排序時(shí)，大多數(shù)知識(shí)分子幾乎都把美貌排在最后。 [00:21.31]Of course. [00:22.05]當(dāng)然， [00:22.79]Sophisticated,intelligent people are not greatly concerned with such superficial qualities as good looks; [00:26.91]成熟而有知識(shí)的人不會(huì)太在意美貌這類膚淺的東西。 [00:31.03]they know that"beauty is only skin deep." [00:32.92]他們知道“美貌不過(guò)是一層表面的東西。” [00:34.81]At least they know that's how they ought to feel. [00:36.63]他們至少明白這是他們應(yīng)有的想法。 [00:38.45]As Cicero counseled,"The final good and the supreme duty of the wise man is to resist appearance." [00:43.06]正如西賽羅所忠告的：“智者最佳、最偉大的品質(zhì)就是不受外表的影響?！? [00:47.66]2 This intuition that looks matter little may be another instance of our denying real influences upon us, [00:51.75]這種認(rèn)為美貌并不重要的直覺(jué)行為，也許是我們否認(rèn)對(duì)我們有真正影響的事物的又一個(gè)例子， [00:55.84]for there is now a file drawer full of research studies indicating that appearance is a powerful determinant of initial attraction. [01:00.97]因?yàn)橛袧M抽屜的研究卷宗表明，外表是最初是否引人注意的重要決定因素。 [01:06.10]The consistency and pervasiveness of this effect is startling,perhaps even disconcerting. [01:09.86]外表的這種作用始終存在、影響甚廣，這實(shí)在令人驚訝，甚至煩惱不安。 [01:13.62]Good looks are a great asset. [01:15.37]漂亮的外表成了一筆巨大的財(cái)富。 [01:17.11]3 Like it or not,the fact is that a young woman's physical attractiveness is a moderately good predictor of how frequently she dates; [01:21.95]不管你喜歡與否，事實(shí)是，在一定程度上年輕女性外表的吸引力能預(yù)示她約會(huì)的頻繁程度； [01:26.80]a young man's attractiveness,slightly less a predictor of how frequently he dates. [01:30.02]而年輕男性的情況則略微不那么明顯。 [01:33.24]Does this simply imply,as many have surmised, [01:35.18]這是否就如很多人推測(cè)的那樣， [01:37.13]that women are better at following Cicero's advice to "resist appearance"? [01:39.97]女人比男人能更好地聽(tīng)取西賽羅的忠告“不受外表的影響”呢？ [01:42.82]Or does it merely reflect the fact that men more often do the inviting? [01:45.66]或者說(shuō)它僅僅反映了這樣一個(gè)事實(shí)，男人往往更主動(dòng)約會(huì)呢？ [01:48.50]If women were to indicate their preferences among various men, [01:51.02]如果讓女人在不同的男人中選擇所喜歡的人。 [01:53.54]4 Some researchers have addressed this question by providing men and women students [01:56.39]一些研究人員通過(guò)下面的試驗(yàn)探討了這些問(wèn)題：他們向男女學(xué)生提供 [01:59.23]with various pieces of information about someone of the other sex, [02:01.70]某個(gè)異性的各種情況。 [02:04.16]including a picture of the person,or by briefly introducing a man and a woman, [02:07.12]例如：出示該人的照片，或只是簡(jiǎn)單介紹一下對(duì)方的情況， [02:10.07]and later asking them how interested they would be in dating one another. [02:12.59]然后問(wèn)他們是否有興趣與之約會(huì)。 [02:15.11]In these experiments,women were virtually as much influenced by a man's looks as men where by a woman's. [02:19.10]實(shí)驗(yàn)表明，女性受外表的影響程序幾乎與男性相當(dāng)。 [02:23.10]5 Do the benefits of being good-looking spring entirely from one's being sexually attractive? [02:26.32]美貌帶來(lái)的好處完全是處于性的魅力嗎？ [02:29.54]Clearly not.young children are favorably biased toward attractive children much as adults are biased toward attractive adults. [02:34.67]顯然不是。年幼的孩子也會(huì)偏愛(ài)漂亮的小伙伴，與成人偏愛(ài)成年的美貌者一樣。 [02:39.80]When adults judge children they ae similarly biased. [02:41.98]同樣，成人在評(píng)價(jià)小孩子時(shí)也存在同樣的偏愛(ài)。 [02:44.16]Margaret Cifford and Elaine Hatfield showed Missouri fifth-grade teachers identical information about a boy or girl, [02:48.73]馬格里特·克里夫德和依萊恩·哈特菲爾德曾經(jīng)給密蘇里州五年級(jí)的老師介紹一個(gè)孩子的情況，給的信息一模一樣， [02:53.30]but with the photograph of an attractive or unattractive child attached. [02:56.20]但是所附的照片不同：一張漂亮孩子的照片，一張不漂亮孩子的照片。 [02:59.10]The teachers who judged an attractive child saw the child as more intelligent and more likely to do well in school. [03:03.56]那些評(píng)價(jià)漂亮孩子的老師認(rèn)為該小孩子聰明，成為好學(xué)生的可能性更大。 [03:08.03]Or think of yourself as a playground supervisor having to discipline an unruly child. [03:11.02]你也可以把自己設(shè)想為運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)上的指導(dǎo)，必須磨練一個(gè)難以管教的孩子， [03:14.00]Might you be tempted to give more benefit of the doubt if the child is attactive? [03:16.72]但如果這個(gè)孩子長(zhǎng)得很好，你是否會(huì)輕信他，以為他表現(xiàn)不錯(cuò)呢？ [03:19.44]6 What is more,beautiful people,even if of the same sex,are assumed also to possess certain desirable traits. [03:24.28]此外，即使外表漂亮的人與我們性別相同，我們也會(huì)認(rèn)為他們具有某些可取之處。 [03:29.12]Other being equal,they are guessed to be happier,more intelligent,more sociable,more successful, [03:33.48]在其他條件相同的情況下，會(huì)認(rèn)為他們更快樂(lè)，更聰明，更擅長(zhǎng)交際，更成功， [03:37.84]and more competent. [03:38.77]也更能干。 [03:39.71]When in need,they receive more help. [03:41.26]遇到困難的時(shí)候，他們能得到更多的幫助。 [03:42.80]When good things happen(for example,a promotion), [03:44.93]當(dāng)好事來(lái)臨時(shí)（如升職）， [03:47.05]attractive people are perceived as more responsible for the outcome than are unattractive people; [03:50.72]漂亮的人被認(rèn)為比不漂亮的人功勞更大； [03:54.40]when bad things happen,attractive people are seen as less responsible. [03:57.11]當(dāng)事情搞遭時(shí)，漂亮的人的責(zé)任反而小了。 [03:59.83]To top it off, attractive people,more than unattractive people,are guessed to have personalities like one's own. [04:04.35]更有甚者，人們常常認(rèn)為，與不漂亮的人相比，漂亮的人的性格與自己的更接近。 [04:08.87]Added together,the findings point to a physical-attractiveness stereotype; [04:11.77]總而言之，實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示了一條對(duì)外表吸引力的固定看法， [04:14.66]What is beautiful is good. [04:16.21]美麗的總是好的。 [04:17.76]children are taught the stereotype quite early. [04:19.65]小孩子很早就受到了這種教育。 [04:21.54]Snow White and Cinderella are beautiful-and kind;the witch and the stepsisters are ugly-and wicked. [04:26.06]白雪公主和灰姑娘是美麗的，也是好人，巫婆和繼母的女兒們是丑陋的，而且也是邪惡的。 [04:30.58]As one kindergarten girl put it when asked what it means to be pretty, [04:33.02]正如一個(gè)幼兒園小女孩在回答漂亮意味著什么時(shí)說(shuō)的， [04:35.47]"It's like being a princess.Everybody loves you". [04:37.60]“漂亮的人就像公主，每個(gè)人都愛(ài)你?！? [04:39.72]7 Howevr,we should not overstate the potency of the attractiveness stereotype. [04:42.56]然而，我們不應(yīng)夸大這種成見(jiàn)的影響。 [04:45.41]To say that attractiveness is important,other things being equal,is not to say that physical appearance is always more important than other qualities,Attractiveness probably most affects first impressions; [04:53.02]我們說(shuō)在其他條件一樣的情況下，外表很重要，并不等于說(shuō)他總是比其他的品質(zhì)重要。外表可能主要影響第一印象。 [05:00.64]one's appearance is vivid,it draws immediate attention. [05:02.63]生機(jī)勃勃的外表，會(huì)馬上引起他人的注意。 [05:04.63]As a relationship develops,appearance may diminish in importance. [05:06.95]但隨著雙方關(guān)系的發(fā)展，外表的重要性變得越來(lái)越小。 [05:09.28]nevertheless,first impressions are important,not only for one's prospects for datin [05:12.21]然而，第一印象是十分重要的，不僅對(duì)于約會(huì)的前景來(lái)講 [05:15.14]but also for job interview [05:16.24]對(duì)求職面試也是一樣的 [05:17.34]If first impressions are bad,there may never be a chance for second impressions. [05:19.86]如果第一影響很糟糕，或許就永遠(yuǎn)失去了有第二印象的機(jī)會(huì)。 [05:22.38]Indications are that attractiveness does figure strongly in hiring decisions. [05:24.90]有跡象表明，在決定是否雇用對(duì)方時(shí)，外表的確起到了重要的作用。 [05:27.42]Moreover,as society has seemingly become more mobile and urbanized-our contacts with doctors, [05:30.95]此外，由于社會(huì)流動(dòng)性和城市化進(jìn)程的加快，我們與醫(yī)生、 [05:34.48]colleagues,and neighbors more fleeting-first impressions have probably become more important than ever before. [05:38.04]同事、鄰居的接觸更加短暫倉(cāng)促，第一印象也比以往任何時(shí)候都顯得重要。 [05:41.60]8 Is the physical-attractiveness stereotype accurate? [05:43.40]好的外表具有吸引力這種老套話是否標(biāo)準(zhǔn)？ [05:45.20]Or was Leo Tolstoy correct when he wrote that it's "a strange illusion...to suppose that beauty is goodness"? [05:48.84]或許是里奧·托爾斯泰的看法正確？他曾寫(xiě)過(guò)：“認(rèn)為‘美就是優(yōu)點(diǎn)’是一種奇怪的錯(cuò)覺(jué)……?！? [05:52.48]There might well be a trace of truth to the stereotype. [05:54.15]也許老套話有一點(diǎn)道理。 [05:55.82]Children and young adults who are attractive tend to have higher self-esteem. [05:58.27]有吸引力的孩子或年輕人往往比別人更自尊。 [06:00.72]They are more assertive,though they are also believed to be more egotistical. [06:03.02]他們更有主張，盡管也讓人覺(jué)得他們更以自我為中心。 [06:05.33]They are neither more nor less academically capable(contrary to the negative stereotype that "beauty times brains equals a constant"). [06:10.13]在學(xué)業(yè)方面，他們與常人無(wú)異（這與人們通常認(rèn)為的“漂亮乘以智力等于一個(gè)常數(shù)”的說(shuō)法相反。） [06:14.94]However,they are somewhat more socially polished. [06:16.65]然而，他們?cè)谏缃簧隙喽嗌偕亠@得更有教養(yǎng)。 [06:18.36]9 Thus far,I have described attractiveness as if it were an objective quality like height, [06:21.35]至此，我一直將外表美描述成一種諸如身高一樣的客觀特征， [06:24.34]something some people have more of,some less. [06:25.94]有的人多些，有的人則少些。 [06:27.54]Actually,attactiveness is whatever the people of any given place and time find attractive. [06:30.65]其實(shí)，美是指人們?cè)谀骋惶囟ǖ攸c(diǎn)、特定時(shí)間，覺(jué)得可愛(ài)的東西。 [06:33.77]This,of course,varies. [06:34.78]當(dāng)然，它不是一成不變的。 [06:35.78]And even in a given place and time,there is(fortunately) some disagreement about who's attractive and who's not. [06:39.78]甚至在某一特定地點(diǎn)、特定時(shí)間，人們對(duì)誰(shuí)漂亮誰(shuí)不漂亮的看法（幸好）也會(huì)不一致。 [06:43.78]Generally,though,"attractive"facial and bodily features do not deviate too drastically from the average. [06:47.52]一般來(lái)說(shuō)，漂亮的面部和身體特征不會(huì)太大地偏離平均水平。 [06:51.26]Noses,legs,or statures that are not unusually large or small tend to be perceived as relatively attractive. [06:55.40]通常認(rèn)為，大小、粗細(xì)適中的鼻子、腿、或者身材相對(duì)來(lái)說(shuō)比較漂亮。 [06:59.54]10 We can conclude our discussion of attractiveness on a heart-warming note. [07:01.74]讓我們用一些令人鼓舞的話來(lái)結(jié)束有關(guān)外表美的討論。 [07:03.94]Not only do we perceive attractive people as likable,but we also perceive likable people as physically attractive. [07:07.75]在我們眼里，不僅認(rèn)為俊美的人可愛(ài)，也認(rèn)為可愛(ài)的人俊美。 [07:11.57]perhaps you can recall individuals who, [07:12.90]也許你能記起一些人， [07:14.23]as you grew to like them,became more attractive,their physical imperfections no longer so noticeable. [07:17.65]當(dāng)你漸漸喜歡他們的時(shí)候，他們也變得更加吸引人，他們長(zhǎng)相上的缺陷也不再那么明顯了。 [07:21.07]For example,Alan gross and Christine Crofton had University of Missouri students view someone's photograp [07:24.89]例如，艾倫。格勞斯和克里斯廷?？藙陬D讓密蘇立大學(xué)的學(xué)生看某個(gè)人的照片 [07:28.70]after reading a favorable or unfavorable description of the person's personalit [07:31.42]當(dāng)他們閱讀完有關(guān)某個(gè)人個(gè)性的正面描述或者反面描述 [07:34.14]Those perceived as good appeared more attractive. [07:35.80]那些被描述成好人的人顯得更漂亮。 [07:37.45]Other researchers have found that the more in love a woman is with a man, [07:39.72]其他研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，一個(gè)女人越是愛(ài)一個(gè)男人， [07:41.99]the more physically attractive she finds him. [07:43.36]她就越覺(jué)得這個(gè)男從的外表更美麗。 [07:44.72]Apparently Plato was right:"The good is the beautiful." [07:47.01]顯然柏拉圖是對(duì)的：“好的就是美的?！? [07:49.30]New Words [07:50.41]單詞 [07:51.53]academically adv [07:53.08]學(xué)業(yè)上 [07:54.62]assertive adj [07:55.92]果斷的，自信的，有沖勁的 [07:57.22]attractiveness n [07:58.46]魅力，吸引力 [07:59.70]consistency n [08:01.07]一貫性，前后一致 [08:02.44]conversational adj [08:03.86]善于辭令的，會(huì)話的 [08:05.28]determinant n [08:06.83]決定因素 [08:08.38]deviate v [08:09.62]偏離，背離 [08:10.86]disconcerting adj [08:12.34]令人不安的，令人煩惱的 [08:13.81]drastically adv [08:14.87]極端地，嚴(yán)厲地 [08:15.94]favorable adj [08:17.36]1）贊同的，稱贊的 2）有利的，順利的 [08:18.78]favorably adv [08:19.72]贊同地，有利地 [08:20.65]heart-warming adj [08:21.89]暖人心房的 [08:23.14]imperfection n [08:24.38]缺陷，缺點(diǎn)，不完美 [08:25.62]likable adj [08:26.92]可愛(ài)的，值得喜歡的 [08:28.21]moderately adv [08:29.27]適中地，有限地 [08:30.34]overstate v [08:31.63]言過(guò)其實(shí)，夸大 [08:32.93]pervasiveness n [08:34.04]遍布，普遍蔓延 [08:35.16]polished adj [08:36.40]有禮貌的，文雅的 [08:37.64]sexually adv [08:38.71]兩性之間地 [08:39.77]sincerity n [08:40.96]真誠(chéng)，誠(chéng)摯，誠(chéng)實(shí) [08:42.14]startling adj [08:43.44]令人吃驚的，驚人的 [08:44.74]stature n [08:46.03]身高 [08:47.33]stepsister n [08:48.93]同父異母（或同母異父）的姐姐或妹妹 [08:50.53]surmise v [08:52.19]推測(cè)，猜測(cè) [08:53.84]unfavorable adj [08:55.32]否定的，不利的 [08:56.80]unruly adj [08:57.98]不守規(guī)矩的，不受約束的 [08:59.17]urbanize v [09:00.47]使都市化 [09:01.76]wicked adj [09:02.83]壞的，邪惡的 [09:03.89]Dress for Success [09:05.17]裝束與成功 [09:06.44]1 Since I had very early on discovered that the socioeconomic value of a man's clothing is important in determining his credibility with certain groups, [09:12.15]由于我早就發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)男從的裝束，其社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值決定了他在某一群體中的信譽(yù)， [09:17.86]his ability to attract certain kinds of women and his acceptance to the business community, [09:21.06]吸引某種女性的能力以及在商業(yè)界中被人接受的程度， [09:24.26]one of the first elements I undertook to research was the socioesconomic level of all items of clothing. [09:28.67]因此，我著手研究的首要元素之一就是各種款項(xiàng)服裝的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。 [09:33.08]2.Take the raincoat,for example. [09:34.69]以風(fēng)雨衣為例。 [09:36.29]Most raincoats sold in this country are either beige or black; [09:39.08]本國(guó)出售的風(fēng)衣大都是米色和黑色兩種， [09:41.87]those are the two standard colors. [09:43.61]這是兩種標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的顏色。 [09:45.36]Intuitively I felt that the beige raincoat was worn generally by the upper-middle class black by the lower-middle class. [09:50.44]憑直覺(jué)，我感到中上階層人士大多穿米色風(fēng)衣，而中下階層的人則大多穿黑色風(fēng)衣。 [09:55.51]3 First I visited several Fifth Avenue stores that cater almost exclusively to upper-middle-class customers [10:00.26]首先，我造訪了位于第五大街幾乎專門(mén)迎合中上階層人士的口味的商店， [10:05.02]and attempted to ascertain the number of beige rain-coats versus black raincoats being sold. [10:09.10]并想方設(shè)法弄清正在銷售的米色與黑色風(fēng)衣數(shù)量。 [10:13.19]The statistical breakdown was approximately four to one in favor of beige. [10:16.50]從統(tǒng)計(jì)分析來(lái)看，大約為四比一，米色風(fēng)衣占優(yōu)勢(shì)。 [10:19.81]I then checked stores on the lower-middle-class level and found that almost the reverse statistic applied. [10:24.11]然后我核實(shí)了中下階層水平的商店，發(fā)現(xiàn)適用的數(shù)據(jù)正好相反。 [10:28.42]They sold four black raincoats to each beige raincoat. [10:31.35]他們售出的風(fēng)衣中，每四件黑色風(fēng)衣才有一件米色風(fēng)衣。 [10:34.28]4 This indicated that in all probability my feeling was correct, [10:37.02]這表明我的感覺(jué)十有八九是對(duì)的， [10:39.76]but recognizing that there were many variables that could discredit such preliminary research, [10:42.74]但是我認(rèn)為到有許多不定因素會(huì)令人對(duì)這個(gè)初步的研究產(chǎn)生懷疑， [10:45.73]I set the second stage in motion. [10:47.75]于是又開(kāi)始實(shí)施第二階段的計(jì)劃。 [10:49.76]On rainy days,I hired responsible college students to stand outside subway station [10:53.60]在雨天，我雇了有責(zé)任心的大學(xué)生站在地鐵站的外面 [10:57.43]in determinable lower-middle-class neighborhoods and outside determinable upper-middle-class suburban commuter-station [11:02.51]中下階層社區(qū)的地鐵站在市區(qū)，而中上層的在郊外 [11:07.58]all in the New York are [11:09.06]紐約的所有地區(qū)都站有學(xué)生 [11:10.54]The students merely counted the number of black and beige raincoats. [11:13.47]這些學(xué)生只是數(shù)數(shù)色和米色風(fēng)衣的數(shù)量。 [11:16.40]My statistics held up at approximately four to one in either case,and I could now say that in the New York area, [11:21.34]我的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字在兩種情形中都是大約四比一，現(xiàn)在我可以說(shuō)在紐約， [11:26.27]the upper-middle class generally wore beige raincoats and the lower-middle class generally wore black ones. [11:30.30]中上層人士大多穿米色風(fēng)衣，中下層人士大多穿黑色風(fēng)衣。 [11:34.33]5 My next step was to take a rainy-day count in the two different socioeconomic areas in Chicag [11:38.47]我的下一步是在下列地區(qū)兩個(gè)不同的經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)作一次雨中計(jì)數(shù)：芝加哥 [11:42.61]Los Angeles,Dallas,Atlanta and six equally widespread small town [11:47.06]洛杉咭，達(dá)拉斯和亞特蘭大以及六個(gè)同樣分散的小城鎮(zhèn) [11:51.50]The research again held up; [11:52.93]這次調(diào)查再次證明了我的看法。 [11:54.35]statistics came from the cities at about four to one and from the small towns at about two-and-a-half to three to one. [12:00.07]來(lái)自城市的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字是四比一，來(lái)自小城鎮(zhèn)的數(shù)據(jù)是二點(diǎn)五到三比一。 [12:05.80](The statistics were not quite that clear-cut,but averaged out into those ranges.) [12:09.09]統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)并非如此分明，但平均都在這些范圍之內(nèi)。 [12:12.38]6 From these statistics I was able to state that in the United States,the beige raincoa [12:15.62]根據(jù)這些數(shù)據(jù)我可以聲明，在美國(guó)，米色風(fēng) [12:18.86]is generally worn by members of the upper-middle class and the black raincoat generally worn by members of the lower-middle clas [12:23.42]主要是中上層人士穿，黑色風(fēng)衣主要是中下層人士穿 [12:27.97]from this,I was able to hypothesize that since these raincoats were an intrinsic part of the American environment, [12:32.85]由此我可以假定，既然這些風(fēng)雨衣已是美國(guó)環(huán)境中固有的一部分， [12:37.73]they had in all probability conditioned people by their predominance in certain classes, [12:41.09]它們?cè)谀承╇A層中在數(shù)量上的優(yōu)勢(shì)很可能使人們形成條件反射， [12:44.46]and automatic reactions could be expected. [12:46.37]不假思索地做出反應(yīng)，這一點(diǎn)是可以料想到的。 [12:48.28]7 In short,when someone met a man in a beige raincoat,he was likely to think of him as a member of the upper-middle class, [12:52.72]簡(jiǎn)而言之，當(dāng)某個(gè)人遇到一個(gè)穿米色風(fēng)雨衣的男人，他可能把它看成是上等階層的一員； [12:57.17]and when he met a man in a black raincoat, [12:59.13]當(dāng)遇到一個(gè)穿黑色風(fēng)雨衣的人， [13:01.09]he was likely to think of him as a member of the lower-middle class. [13:03.36]他就可能把他看成是中下階層的一分子。 [13:05.63]I then had to see if my hypothesis would hold up under testing. [13:08.56]然后，我得弄清我的假設(shè)能否經(jīng)得住考驗(yàn)。 [13:11.50]8 My first test was conducted with 1362 people-a cross section of the general public. [13:16.07]我的第一次測(cè)試是在１３６２人中進(jìn)行的——他們?cè)趶V大群眾中具有代表性。 [13:20.64]They were given an "extrasensory perception"test in which they were asked [13:23.63]他們接受了超感知覺(jué)測(cè)試， [13:26.62]to guess the answers to a number of problems to which the solutions(they were told)could only be known through ESP. [13:30.88]在測(cè)試中要求他們猜測(cè)問(wèn)題的答案，而且告訴他們這些問(wèn)題的答案只能憑超感知覺(jué)得到。 [13:35.15]The percentage of correct answers would indicate their ESP quotien [13:38.26]正確率的高低能反映一個(gè)人超感覺(jué)的知覺(jué)額的高低 [13:41.38]naturally,a participant in this type of test attempts to get the right answer every time and has no reason to li [13:45.59]很自然，這些測(cè)試的參加者每次都試圖得到正確的答案，他們沒(méi)有理由撒謊 [13:49.80]since he wants to score high. [13:51.17]因?yàn)樗氲玫礁叻帧? [13:52.54]9 In this test,among a group of other problems and questions,I inserted a set of almost identical"twin pictures." [13:57.16]在這次測(cè)試中，在一組其他問(wèn)題當(dāng)中，我插入了一套幾乎一模一樣的照片。 [14:01.79]There was only one variable. [14:02.98]只有一個(gè)變量。 [14:04.16]The twin pictures showed the same man in the same pose dressed in the same suit,the same shirt, [14:08.48]這些一模一樣的照片中都是同一個(gè)人，站在同一地點(diǎn)，穿著同樣的西服、襯衫， [14:12.80]the same tie ,the same shoes. [14:14.71]打著同樣的領(lǐng)帶，腳穿同樣的皮鞋。 [14:16.62]The only difference was the raincoat-one black,one beige. [14:19.86]唯一不同的是風(fēng)雨衣——一件米色，一件黑色。 [14:23.10]Participants were told that the pictures were of twin brothers,and were asked to identify the more prestigious of the two. [14:28.21]參加者被知照片中是一對(duì)孿生兄弟，而且要求認(rèn)出兩人中誰(shuí)更有名望。 [14:33.32]Over 87 percent,or 1,118 people ,chose the man in the beige raincoat. [14:37.46]超過(guò)８７％的人，即１，１１８的人選的是穿米色風(fēng)雨衣的人。 [14:41.60]10 I next ran a field test. [14:42.72]我又作了一次實(shí)地驗(yàn)證。 [14:43.84]Two friends and I wore beige raincoats for one month,then switched to black raincoats the following month. [14:47.98]我和兩個(gè)朋友穿一個(gè)月的米色風(fēng)雨衣，然后在下一個(gè)月穿黑色風(fēng)雨衣， [14:52.12]We attempted to duplicate our other clothing during both months. [14:54.38]在這兩個(gè)月期間，其他的衣服我們盡量穿得一樣。 [14:56.65]At the end of each month,we recorded the general attitude of people toward us--waiter [15:00.07]在每個(gè)月末我們記錄下人們對(duì)我們的態(tài)度--侍者 [15:03.49]store clerks,business associates,et [15:05.83]商店售貨員，商業(yè)助理等 [15:08.17]All three of us agreed that the beige raincoat created a distinctly better impression upon the people we met. [15:12.31]我們?nèi)硕家恢抡J(rèn)為米色風(fēng)雨衣明顯能給遇到我們的人產(chǎn)生更好的印象。 [15:16.45]11 Finally,I conducted one additional experiment along.Picking a group of business offices at random, [15:20.90]最后，我獨(dú)自又作了一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)。我任意挑了一組公司辦公室， [15:25.34]I went into each office with a Wall Street Journal in a brown envelope and asked [15:28.33]我拿這用褐色信封裝好的華爾街日?qǐng)?bào)到每一個(gè)辦公室，請(qǐng) [15:31.32]the receptionist or secretary to allow me to deliver it personally to the man in charge. [15:34.87]接待員或秘書(shū)讓我進(jìn)去親自把它交給主管。 [15:38.41]When wearing a black raincoat,it took me a day and a half to deliver twenty-five papers. [15:41.96]當(dāng)我穿這黑風(fēng)衣時(shí)，我花了一天半的時(shí)間投遞了二十五分。 [15:45.50]In a beige raincoat,I was able to deliver the same number in a single morning. [15:49.05]穿這米色風(fēng)衣，我花一個(gè)上午就能做到了。 [15:52.60]12 The impression transmitted to receptionists and secretaries by my black raincoat and a nondescript sui [15:58.01]給接待員和秘書(shū)的印象是穿著黑色雨衣、普通西 [16:03.43]shirt and tie clearly was that I was a glorified delivery boy,and so I had to wait or was never admitte [16:07.95]襯衣和領(lǐng)帶的我是一個(gè)穿得漂亮一點(diǎn)的報(bào)紙投遞員，所以我得等待或不讓進(jìn)入 [16:12.47]But their opinion of me was substantially altered by the beige raincoat worn with the same other clothes. [16:16.68]但他們對(duì)我的印象在我穿著米色風(fēng)雨衣和其他同樣服裝時(shí)發(fā)生了根本的轉(zhuǎn)變。 [16:20.89]They thought I might be an associate or friend of the boss because that is what I implied, [16:24.13]他們以為我可能是老板的助手或者朋友，因?yàn)檫@正是我所暗示的， [16:27.37]and they had better let me in. [16:28.31]還是最好讓我進(jìn)去。 [16:29.24]In short,they reacted to years of preconditioning and accepted the beige raincoat as a symbol of authority and status [16:33.82]總之，他們根據(jù)多年來(lái)所形成的看法做出了反應(yīng)，認(rèn)為米色風(fēng)雨衣是權(quán)威和身份的象征， [16:38.39]while they rejected the black raincoat as such. [16:40.17]而黑色風(fēng)雨衣卻不是。 [16:41.95]13 The experiment will give you an idea of why I have spent so many years and so much money in determining what constitutes [16:46.09]這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)讓你明白，為什么我花了這么多年的時(shí)間和這么多錢來(lái)確定是什么構(gòu)成了 [16:50.23]upper-middle-class dress. [16:51.53]中上層社會(huì)的衣著服裝。 [16:52.82]It is obvious from the experiment that secretaries and receptionists,who generally were not members of the upper-middle-class, [16:57.40]從實(shí)驗(yàn)中可以看到大多不屬于中上層社會(huì)的秘書(shū)和接待員， [17:01.97]did in fact recognize upper-middle-class clothing,if not consciously then at least subconsciously, [17:06.23]的確能夠認(rèn)為中上層人士的裝束，即使不是有意也是無(wú)意中 [17:10.50]and they did react to it. [17:11.87]對(duì)他做出反應(yīng)。 [17:13.24]Their reactions indicate that dress is neither trivial nor frivolous,but an essential element in helping a man to function [17:18.20]他們的反應(yīng)表明衣服服飾即非微不足道也非毫無(wú)意義，而是幫助一個(gè)人， [17:23.17]in the business world with maximum effectiveness. [17:25.21]在商場(chǎng)上游刃有余的基本因素。 [17:27.24]14 But does everyone react as the secretaries did? [17:29.27]但是，是否每個(gè)人都會(huì)做出和秘書(shū)相同的反應(yīng)呢？ [17:31.31]15 For years,some companies have been attempting to increase the effciency of employees by prescribing dress and establishing dress codes. [17:36.73]多年以來(lái)，一些公司一直努力通過(guò)規(guī)定著裝和建立著衣準(zhǔn)則來(lái)提高效率。 [17:42.14]Most of these schemes have proved ineffective because they have been created by amateurs who don't undrestand the effec [17:46.46]大多數(shù)的措施無(wú)效，因?yàn)樗麄兪怯赏庑性O(shè)計(jì)的。這些外行不懂得影 [17:50.78]clothing has on the work environmen [17:52.51]--著裝對(duì)工作環(huán)境的影響 [17:54.24]Dress codes can work,but the assumption that clothing has a major, [17:57.30]著衣準(zhǔn)則確實(shí)有效，服裝對(duì)著裝者有主要的， [18:00.36]continuing impact on the wearer is erroneous. [18:02.39]持續(xù)性影響的假設(shè)是錯(cuò)誤的。 [18:04.43]True,you may feel shabby when you wear shabby clothes, [18:07.18]確實(shí)，當(dāng)你穿著邋遢，你就會(huì)感到形容猥瑣； [18:09.94]and your morale may perk up a bit when you splurge on an expensive tie. [18:13.84]而你瀟灑地買下一條昂貴的領(lǐng)帶，你就會(huì)感到精神振奮。 [18:17.75]But clothing most significantly affects the people whom the wearer meets and,in the long run, [18:21.71]但是服裝只對(duì)穿著者遇到的人產(chǎn)生重要的影響。從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)看， [18:25.67]affects the wearer only indirectly because it controls the reaction of the world to him. [18:29.32]它對(duì)穿著者的影響是間接的，因?yàn)樗刂屏耸澜鐚?duì)他的反應(yīng)。 [18:32.98]My research shows that in most business situations the wearer is not directly affected by his clothing, [18:37.37]我的研究顯示，在多數(shù)生意場(chǎng)合，穿著者并非受到其服裝的影響， [18:41.76]and that the effect of clothing on other people is mainly controlled by the socioeconomic level of the clothing. [18:45.97]而服裝對(duì)他人的影響也視其經(jīng)濟(jì)水平而定。 [18:50.18]16 Let me say it straight out:We all wear uniforms and our uniforms are clear and distinct signs of class. [18:55.17]讓我直截了當(dāng)?shù)卣f(shuō)：我們都穿這制服，我們的制服清楚的表明我們所屬的階層。 [19:00.16]We react to them accordingly. [19:02.19]我們對(duì)其做出相應(yīng)的反應(yīng)。 [19:04.22]In almost any situation where two men meet,one man's clothing is saying to the other man:" [19:08.36]幾乎每次當(dāng)兩人相遇時(shí)，一人的服裝會(huì)對(duì)另一個(gè)人說(shuō)： [19:12.50]I am more important than you are,please show respect"; [19:14.95]“我比你更重要，請(qǐng)表示尊重”； [19:17.40]or"I am your equal and expect to be treated as such";or"I am not your equal and I do not expect to be treated as such." [19:23.54]或者“我和你是平等的，希望能平等相待”或者“我和你不是平等的，不奢望能得到平等對(duì)待。” [19:29.68]New Words [19:30.92]單詞 [19:32.16]amateur n [19:33.46]1）外行，粗通某一行的人 2）業(yè)余愛(ài)好者，業(yè)余運(yùn)動(dòng)員 [19:34.75]ascertain v [19:35.87]查明，弄清，確定 [19:36.98]beige n & adj [19:37.97]1）米黃色 2）米黃色的 [19:38.96]determinable adj [19:40.03]可確定的，可測(cè)定的 [19:41.09]discredit v [19:42.28]使不相信，使懷疑 [19:43.46]distinctly adv [19:44.58]清楚地，顯然 [19:45.70]duplicate v [19:47.06]1）重復(fù) 2）復(fù)制，復(fù)印 [19:48.43]erroneous adj [19:49.73]錯(cuò)誤的，不正確的 [19:51.02]extrasensory adj [19:52.14]超感官的 [19:53.26]extrasensory perception [19:54.98]超感知覺(jué) [19:56.71]frivolous adj [19:57.83]不重要的，無(wú)意義的 [19:58.94]glorify v [20:00.37]使顯得更重要，美化 [20:01.79]hypothesis n [20:03.26]假設(shè)，假說(shuō) [20:04.74]hypothesize v [20:06.22]假設(shè)，假定，猜測(cè) [20:07.69]ineffective adj [20:08.57]無(wú)效的，效率低的 [20:09.46]intrinsic adj [20:10.52]固有的，內(nèi)存的，本質(zhì)的 [20:11.58]intuitively adv [20:13.13]直覺(jué)地 [20:14.68]neighborhood n [20:16.10]1）鄰近地區(qū)，附近 2）四鄰，街坊 [20:17.52]nondescript adj [20:18.82]平凡無(wú)奇的，無(wú)明顯特征的 [20:20.11]perk v [20:21.48]振作，活躍起來(lái) [20:22.85]precondition v [20:24.14]預(yù)先影響或處理，使先有準(zhǔn)備 [20:25.44]predominance n [20:26.56]（力量，數(shù)量等的）優(yōu)勢(shì) [20:27.67]preliminary adj [20:28.86]初步的，預(yù)備的 [20:30.05]receptionist n [20:31.29]接待員 [20:32.53]shabby adj [20:33.90]1）不體面的，衣衫襤褸的 2）破舊的 [20:35.27]splurge v [20:36.82]揮霍，亂花 [20:38.36]statistic n [20:39.79]統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)值，統(tǒng)計(jì)資料 [20:41.21]statistics n [20:42.81]統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué) [20:44.41]statistical adj [20:45.83]統(tǒng)計(jì)（上）的，統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)（上）的 [20:47.26]subconsciously adv [20:48.55]下意識(shí)地，潛意識(shí)地 [20:49.85]suburban adj [20:50.96]城郊的，在郊區(qū)的 [20:52.08]versus prep [20:53.32]1）與……相比之下，與……相對(duì) 2）（比賽等中）以……為對(duì)手，對(duì)…… [20:54.56]Neat people versus Sloppy people [20:56.71]整潔的人和邋遢的人 [20:58.85]1 I've finally figured out the difference between neat people and sloppy people. [21:02.27]我終于發(fā)現(xiàn)了整潔的人和邋遢的人的不同。 [21:05.69]The distinction is ,as always,moral. [21:07.96]其區(qū)別在于品行。 [21:10.22]Neat people are lazier and meaner than sloppy people. [21:13.21]整潔的人比邋遢的人懶得多。 [21:16.20]2 Sloppy people,you see,are not really sloppy.Their sloppiness is merely the unfortunate consequence of their extreme moral sense. [21:22.77]你知道，邋遢的人并不是真正的邋遢。他們的懶散僅僅是他們極端的品行的不幸結(jié)果。 [21:29.34]Sloppy people carry in their mind's eye a heavenly vision,a precise plan,that is so great, [21:34.45]邋遢的人有關(guān)美好的幻想，那是一個(gè)如此偉大精美的計(jì)劃， [21:39.56]it can't be achieved in this world or the next. [21:41.83]以至在今生和來(lái)世都不會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)。 [21:44.10]3 Sloppy people live in Never-Never Land. [21:46.01]邋遢的人生活在不真實(shí)的理想世界里。 [21:47.92]Someday is their profession. [21:49.57]幻想某一天就象是他們的職業(yè)。 [21:51.23]Someday they are planning to alphabetize all their books and set up home catalogs. [21:55.50]他們打算某一天把所有的書(shū)都按字母順序排列好，列出一個(gè)家庭圖書(shū)目錄。 [21:59.76]Someday they will go through their wardrobes and mark certain items for tentative mending [22:03.90]某一天他們將把所有的衣櫥都整理一遍，記下哪些衣服有可能需要縫縫補(bǔ)補(bǔ)， [22:08.04]and certain items for passing on to relatives of similar shape and size. [22:11.70]哪些衣服送給身材大小相同的親戚。 [22:15.35]Someday sloppy people will make family scrapbooks into which they will put newspaper clipping [22:19.74]某一天邋遢的人將做幾個(gè)剪貼薄，放入簡(jiǎn)報(bào) [22:24.13]postcards,locks of hair,and the dried corsage form their senior pro [22:28.09]明星片，留作紀(jì)念的頭發(fā)和高中畢業(yè)班會(huì)上得到的已經(jīng)干枯的花束 [22:32.05]Someday they will file everything on the surface of their desks,including the cash receipts from coffee purchases at the snack shop. [22:37.53]某一天他們把桌子上堆放的所有東西都分類歸檔，包括快餐店的咖啡收據(jù)在內(nèi)。 [22:43.00]Someday they will sit down and read all the back issues of The New Yorker. [22:46.62]某一天他們將坐下來(lái)閱讀所有過(guò)期的《紐約人》雜志。 [22:50.23]4 For all these noble reasons and more,sloppy people never get neat. [22:53.65]因?yàn)樗羞@些高貴之處，邋遢的人從來(lái)就沒(méi)有整潔過(guò)。 [22:57.07]They aim too high and wide. [22:58.93]他們的目標(biāo)又高又遠(yuǎn)。 [23:00.78]They save everything,planning someday to file,order,and straighten out the world. [23:05.17]他們保留每一件物品，計(jì)劃著某一天將把所有的東西都?xì)w檔整理好，讓一切井井有條。 [23:09.57]But while these ambitious plans take clearer and clearer shape in their heads, [23:13.11]但是一旦這些雄心勃勃的計(jì)劃在他們的腦海里越來(lái)越清晰的時(shí)候， [23:16.66]the books spill from the shelves onto the floor,the clothes pile up in the laundry basket and closet, [23:21.28]那些書(shū)就會(huì)堆得從書(shū)架上掉下來(lái)，衣服會(huì)堆滿了籃子和柜子， [23:25.91]the family mementos accumulate in every drawer,the surface of the desk is buried under mounds of paper and the unread magazines threaten to reach the ceiling. [23:34.42]家庭紀(jì)念品塞滿了每一個(gè)抽屜，書(shū)桌也被推到屋頂?shù)奈募蜎](méi)讀過(guò)的雜志淹沒(méi)。 [23:42.94]5 Sloppy people can't bear to part with anything. [23:45.57]邋遢的人不能忍受放棄任何東西。 [23:48.19]They give loving attention to every detail. [23:50.46]他們專注于每一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)， [23:52.73]When sloppy people say they're going to tackle the surface of the desk,they really mean it. [23:56.46]一旦他們說(shuō)要清理好書(shū)桌，他們就會(huì)認(rèn)認(rèn)真真地干起來(lái)。 [24:00.18]Not a paper will go unturned;not a rubber band will go unboxed. [24:03.66]那么每一張紙都會(huì)按順序排好，每個(gè)橡皮擦都會(huì)放在盒子里。 [24:07.13]Four hours or two weeks into the excavation,the desk looks exactly the same, [24:11.04]在挖掘理整的四個(gè)小時(shí)或兩個(gè)星期里，桌子看起來(lái)還是和原來(lái)一樣。 [24:14.94]primarily because the sloppy person is carefully creating new piles of papers with new headings [24:19.15]這主要是因?yàn)殄邋莸娜苏谡J(rèn)真地用新的題目將所有文件整理歸檔， [24:23.36]and routinely stopping to read all the old book catalogs before he throws them away. [24:26.96]并且習(xí)慣的停下來(lái)讀那些舊書(shū)目錄，然后再把書(shū)扔掉。 [24:30.56]A neat person would just clear off the desk. [24:32.89]而一個(gè)愛(ài)整潔的人呢，一下子就把桌子收拾得干干凈凈。 [24:35.21]6 Neat people are not good at heart. [24:37.21]整潔的人實(shí)際上并不優(yōu)秀。 [24:39.20]They have cavalier attitudes toward possessions,including family heirlooms. [24:42.50]他們對(duì)于自己的財(cái)產(chǎn)乃至祖?zhèn)髦畬毝紤延幸环N俠義的心態(tài)。 [24:45.79]Everything is just another dust-catcher to them. [24:48.01]任何東西對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)都是可沾灰積塵的東西。 [24:50.22]If anything collects dust,it's got to go and that's that. [24:52.97]任何東西，如果上面會(huì)積灰塵，就得滾開(kāi)，沒(méi)什么可說(shuō)的。 [24:55.73]neat people will toy with the idea of throwing the children out of the house just to cut down on the clutter. [24:59.58]為了除掉不干凈的東西，愛(ài)整潔的人甚至?xí)鸢押⒆尤映鑫萃獾哪铑^。 [25:03.43]7 Neat people don't care about process. [25:05.34]愛(ài)整潔的人并不在乎過(guò)程， [25:07.25]They like results. [25:08.44]他們喜歡結(jié)果。 [25:09.63]What they want to do is get the whole thing over with so they can sit down and watch TV. [25:13.28]他們想的就是把不愉快但不得不做的事一勞永逸地做完，然后他們就可以坐下來(lái)看電視。 [25:16.93]Neat people operate on two unvarying principles:never handle any item twice,and throw everything away. [25:22.12]整潔的認(rèn)識(shí)中遵守兩條不便的法則：永遠(yuǎn)不兩次處理任何東西，扔掉所有的東西。 [25:27.30]8 The only thing messy in a neat person's house is the trash can. [25:30.11]整潔的人家里唯一雜亂的東西就是垃圾桶。 [25:32.92]The minute something comes to a near person's hand,he will look at it, [25:35.54]某樣?xùn)|西一到了整潔人手上，他就會(huì)審視它， [25:38.17]try to decide if it has immediate use and,finding none,throw it in the trash. [25:42.02]試圖決定它是否能立刻派上用場(chǎng)，發(fā)現(xiàn)沒(méi)有就立即扔進(jìn)垃圾桶。 [25:45.88]9 Neat people are especially vicious with mail. [25:48.32]愛(ài)整潔的人對(duì)信件特別反感。 [25:50.77]They never go through their mail unless they are standing directly over a trash can. [25:54.14]他們把信一讀完就扔掉，有時(shí)根本沒(méi)讀就扔了。 [25:57.51]If the trash can is beside the mailbox,even better. [26:00.08]如果垃圾箱就放在郵筒邊，那就更好不過(guò)了。 [26:02.65]All ads,catalogs,pleas for charitable contributions, [26:05.35]所有的廣告、目錄、慈善捐款懇求信， [26:08.05]church bulletins and money-saving coupons go straight into the trash can without being opened. [26:12.32]教堂公告、優(yōu)惠贈(zèng)券往往看都沒(méi)看就統(tǒng)統(tǒng)扔進(jìn)了垃圾箱。 [26:16.58]All letters from home,postcards from Europe,bills and paychecks are opened,immediately responded to, [26:21.59]所有的家信，從歐洲寄來(lái)的明信片，賬單和支付薪水的支票會(huì)被打開(kāi)，立即回復(fù)， [26:26.59]then dropped in the trash can. [26:28.25]然后扔進(jìn)垃圾箱。 [26:29.91]Neat people keep their receipts only for tax purposes. [26:32.35]整潔的人只是為了交稅才保留收據(jù)。 [26:34.80]That's it. [26:35.56]問(wèn)題就在這里。 [26:36.31]No sentimental salvaging of birthday cards or the last letter a dying relative ever wrote. [26:40.16]他們不會(huì)挽留生日賀卡以及垂危的親人寫(xiě)的最后一封信。 [26:44.02]Into the trash it goes. [26:45.74]把它們統(tǒng)統(tǒng)扔進(jìn)垃圾箱。 [26:47.47]10 Neat people place neatness above everything even economics.They are incredibly wasteful. [26:52.17]愛(ài)整潔的人視整潔高于一切，甚至金錢。他們非常浪費(fèi)。 [26:56.87]Neat people throw away several toys every time they walk through the den. [27:00.29]整潔的人每次經(jīng)過(guò)私室時(shí)都會(huì)扔掉幾件玩具。 [27:03.71]I knew a neat person once who threw away a perfectly good dish drainer because it had mold on it. [27:07.87]我認(rèn)為一個(gè)愛(ài)整潔的人，把一個(gè)好端端的碗器具扔掉就因?yàn)樯厦骈L(zhǎng)了霉。 [27:12.03]The drainer was too much trouble to wash. [27:14.17]碗器具洗起來(lái)太費(fèi)勁了。 [27:16.31]And neat people sell their furniture when they move. [27:19.12]而且整潔的人每次搬家都會(huì)賣掉所有的家具。 [27:21.93]11 Neat people are no good to borrow from. [27:23.89]人們不太好向整潔的人借東西。 [27:25.85]Neat people buy everything in expensive little single portions. [27:29.21]愛(ài)整潔的人無(wú)論買什么東西都買昂貴的小包裝。 [27:32.58]They get their flour and sugar in two-pound bags. [27:35.39]他們用兩磅的袋子來(lái)裝面粉和糖。 [27:38.20]They wouldn't consider clipping a coupon,saving a leftover,reusing plastic containers or rinsing off tin foi [27:43.62]他們從沒(méi)想過(guò)剪下優(yōu)惠券，節(jié)省一餐剩飯，再次使用朔料容器，或洗凈用過(guò)的錫箔 [27:49.03]and draping it over the dish draine [27:50.64]晾在干碗器上 [27:52.24]you can never borrow a neat person's newspaper to see what's playing at the movies. [27:55.71]你甭想向整潔的人借張報(bào)紙看看正在放映什么電影。 [27:59.19]Neat people have the paper all wadded up and in the trash by 7:05 A.M. [28:03.58]愛(ài)整潔的人到了早上７：０５就把報(bào)紙卷起來(lái)扔進(jìn)了垃圾箱。 [28:07.97]12 Neat people remove everything that is in their way. [28:10.24]愛(ài)整潔的人用他們自己的方式來(lái)擺脫任何一樣?xùn)|西。 [28:12.51]People,animals,and things are all one to them. [28:15.44]人、動(dòng)物和物品對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)都一樣。 [28:18.37]They are so insensitive. [28:19.56]他們太麻木了。 [28:20.75]After they've finished with the pantry,the medicine cabinet,and the attic, [28:23.86]當(dāng)他們整理晚餐具室、藥品櫥柜和小閣樓之后， [28:26.98]they will throw out the red geranium (too many leaves),sell the dog(too many fleas), [28:30.88]他們就會(huì)扔掉紅色的天竺葵（因?yàn)槿~子太多了），賣掉狗（因?yàn)樘樘嗔耍? [28:34.79]and send the children off to boarding school (too many footprints on the hardwood floors.) [28:38.52]然后把孩子們送到寄宿學(xué)校去（因?yàn)槟镜匕迳系哪_印太多了）。 [28:42.24]New Words [28:43.12]單詞 [28:44.01]alphabetize v [28:45.61]依字母順序排列 [28:47.21]band n [28:48.45]1）帶，帶形物 2）樂(lè)隊(duì) [28:49.69]boarding n [28:50.68]寄宿學(xué)校 [28:51.67]bulletin n [28:52.48]1）小報(bào)，會(huì)刊 2）簡(jiǎn)明新聞，新聞快報(bào) [28:53.29]catalog n [28:54.41]目錄（冊(cè)），一覽表 [28:55.53]cavalier adj [28:56.46]滿不在乎的，輕蔑的 [28:57.40]charitable adj [28:58.51]仁慈的，慷慨的，慈悲為懷的 [28:59.63]clipping n [29:00.44]剪報(bào) [29:01.25]closet n [29:02.06]壁櫥，櫥柜 [29:02.87]corsage n [29:04.24]（佩帶的）裝飾花束 [29:05.61]coupon n [29:06.90]優(yōu)惠券，禮券 [29:08.20]den n [29:09.44]舒適的房間、私室或書(shū)齋 [29:10.68]drainer n [29:11.92]滴水用具，濾干器 [29:13.17]excavation n [29:14.35]挖掘或發(fā)掘現(xiàn)場(chǎng) [29:15.54]flea n [29:16.66]跳蚤 [29:17.77]foil n [29:18.89]箔，金屬薄片 [29:20.01]geranium n [29:21.25]天竺葵 [29:22.49]hardwood n & adj [29:23.25]硬木（的） [29:24.00]heading n [29:25.06]標(biāo)題 [29:26.13]heirloom n [29:27.31]傳家寶 [29:28.50]memento n [29:29.94]紀(jì)念品 [29:31.38]messy adj [29:32.26]零亂的，雜亂的，骯臟的 [29:33.15]plea n [29:34.08]懇求，請(qǐng)求 [29:35.02]profession n [29:36.08]職業(yè)，專業(yè)工作 [29:37.14]reuse v [29:38.33]再使用 [29:39.52]rinse v [29:40.81]沖洗 [29:42.11]salvage v [29:43.10]挽救，搶救 [29:44.09]sloppiness n [29:45.33]凌亂，馬虎 [29:46.57]unvarying adj [29:47.82]經(jīng)久不變的，從無(wú)變化的 [29:49.06]wad v [29:50.12]使……成一團(tuán) [29:51.18]wardrobe n [29:52.37]衣櫥 [29:53.56]Turning Boys into Gir [29:55.07]男士和女士一樣平 [29:56.58]1 I love Men's Health magazine.There! [29:58.85]我愛(ài)《男性健康》這本雜志。你瞧！ [30:01.12]I've told you and I am not ashamed. [30:02.59]我已經(jīng)告訴了你我并不感到害羞。 [30:04.07]My affection for Men's health is driven by pure gender politics--by the realization that this magazine, [30:08.39]我喜歡《男性健康》純粹是出于性別方面的見(jiàn)解——出于認(rèn)識(shí)到在這本雜志， [30:12.71]and a handful of others like it, [30:13.90]以及少數(shù)其他類似的雜志中， [30:15.09]are evening things out in a way that Ms. [30:16.80]能夠得到夢(mèng)想得到的東西，以前只有女士 [30:18.51]can only dream o [30:19.69]能夠得到 [30:20.88]With page after page of bulging biceps and masculine jaws,robust hairlines and silken skin,Men's Health is advertising a standard of male beauty. [30:28.41]《男性健康》一頁(yè)又一頁(yè)地展示著強(qiáng)健的二頭肌、富有陽(yáng)剛之氣的下巴、充滿活力的發(fā)跡線和柔軟光滑的肌膚，它所宣揚(yáng)的男性標(biāo)準(zhǔn)， [30:35.93]as stereotyped and unrealistic as the female version sold by those large-eyed, very young girls seen on the covers of Glamour and Elle. [30:41.91]就像《魅力》和《世界時(shí)裝之苑》封面上那些大眼睛妙齡女郎所兜售的女性標(biāo)準(zhǔn)一樣，即模式化又脫離現(xiàn)實(shí)。 [30:47.88]And with a variety of helpful features on "Foods That Fight Fat,""Banish Your Potbelly," [30:51.81]還有各種各樣有幫助的特別欄目像“可減去脂肪的食品”、“擺脫將軍肚”。 [30:55.73]and "Save Your Hair(Before It's Too Late),"Men's Health is well on its way to making the male species as insan [31:00.77]和“拯救你的頭發(fā)（趁現(xiàn)在還不太晚）”?！赌行越】怠氛谑鼓行詫?duì)自己的外表變得瘋狂 [31:05.81]insecure,and irrational about physical appearance as does any women's magazine. [31:09.27]不安和失去理智，象女性雜志一樣 [31:12.72]2 The days when men scrubbed their faces with regular soap and viewed gray hair and wrinkles as a badge of honor are fading. [31:18.16]男人用普通香皂洗臉并且把灰頭發(fā)和皺紋視為榮譽(yù)象征的時(shí)代已漸漸逝去了。 [31:23.59]Last year,international market analyst Euromonitor placed the U.S.men's toiletries market-hair colo [31:29.26]去年，國(guó)際市場(chǎng)分析家估算了一下，在美國(guó)男性化妝品市場(chǎng)，諸如染發(fā)膏 [31:34.93]skin moisturizer,tooth whiteners,et [31:36.64]潤(rùn)膚霜，潔牙粉之類 [31:38.35]--at $ 3.5 billio [31:40.30]--消費(fèi)約達(dá)35億美元 [31:42.24]According to a survey conducted by researchers for Men's Health in November 1996,approximately 20 percent [31:46.99]據(jù)１９９６年１１月為《男性健康》所作的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查顯示，大約２０％ [31:51.75]of American men get manicures or pedicures, [31:53.74]的美國(guó)男性修過(guò)指甲或接受過(guò)足療， [31:55.74]18 percent use skin treatments such as masks or mud packs,and 10 percent enjoy professional facials. [32:00.94]１８％的人做過(guò)面膜或面部泥敷，１０％的人享受過(guò)面部美容。 [32:06.15]That same month,Psychology Today reported that a poll showed that"6 percent of men nationwide actually use traditionally female products to create the illusion of a youthful appearance." [32:14.37]同月，《今日心理學(xué)》雜志報(bào)道的一項(xiàng)民意調(diào)查表明，全國(guó)有６％的男性確實(shí)使用過(guò)傳統(tǒng)的女性產(chǎn)品去營(yíng)造一種年輕的幻覺(jué)。 [32:22.60]3 What men are putting on their bodies,however,is nothing compared with what they're doing to their bodies:While in the 1980s only an estimated one in 10 plastic surgery patients were men, [32:31.00]但是，男性在他們身上涂抹些什么已經(jīng)無(wú)法與他們?cè)谧约荷砩细闪诵┦裁聪啾攘耍涸诎耸甏?，估?jì)僅有十分之一的男性做過(guò)整容， [32:39.41]as of 1996,that ratio had shrunk to one in five. [32:42.40]到了１９９６年，比例達(dá)到了五分之一。 [32:45.39]The American Academy of Cosmetic Surgery estimates that nationwide more than 690,000 men had cosmetic procedures performed in 1996 [32:52.28]美國(guó)整容學(xué)會(huì)估計(jì)在１９９６年全國(guó)有將近６９０，０００的男性做過(guò)整容， [32:59.17]the most recent year for which figures are available. [33:01.17]這是在近幾年中數(shù)量最大的。 [33:03.17]4 Granted,Men's Health and its journalistic cousins(Men's journal,Details,etc [33:07.27]不錯(cuò)，《男性健康》和其它同類雜志（如《男士雜志》、《細(xì)節(jié)》等 [33:11.38]cannot take all the credit for this breakthrough in gender levelin [33:13.79]不能把在男女平等方面取得的突破的功勞全部據(jù)為己有 [33:16.20]The fashion and glamour industries have perfected the art of creating consumer"needs", [33:19.78]創(chuàng)造時(shí)尚和魅力的產(chǎn)業(yè)已經(jīng)是創(chuàng)造消費(fèi)者“需求”的藝術(shù)趨于完美， [33:23.37]and with the women's market pretty much saturated, [33:25.26]而且，隨著女性市場(chǎng)的日趨飽和， [33:27.15]men have become the obvious target by manufacturers and sellers of everything from masculine cosmetics to special clothing. [33:32.11]男性已成為從男性化妝品到男性服裝生產(chǎn)商和銷售商青睞的目標(biāo)。 [33:37.08]Meanwhile,advances in medical science have made cosmetic surgery a quicker and safer option for busy executives. [33:42.68]同時(shí)，對(duì)于繁忙的行政人員來(lái)說(shuō)，醫(yī)學(xué)的進(jìn)步已經(jīng)使整容手術(shù)成為更為快捷和安全的選擇。 [33:48.28]5 There are also underlying social factors. [33:50.06]同樣還有一些潛在的社會(huì)因素。 [33:51.84]With women growing more financially independent, [33:53.79]隨著婦女在經(jīng)濟(jì)上越來(lái)越獨(dú)立， [33:55.73]aspiring suitors are discovering that they must offer more than a full wallet if they expect to win(and keep)the fair young lady. [34:01.09]躊躇滿志的求婚者們發(fā)現(xiàn)他們必須負(fù)擔(dān)得起一大筆錢，才能贏得（和守住）嬌好美麗的女子。 [34:06.46]6 Whatever combination of factors is causing the big increase of male vanity, [34:09.57]不管什么樣的因素結(jié)合起來(lái)都導(dǎo)致了男性虛榮心的膨脹， [34:12.69]magazines such as Men's Health provide the ideal meeting place for men's insecurities and marketers' greed. [34:18.18]像《男性健康》雜志之類的雜志就成為男性的不安全感和市場(chǎng)專賣者的貪欲提供了理想的滿足機(jī)會(huì)。 [34:23.67]Like its more established female counterparts,Men's Health is an affordable, [34:26.78]與那些地位已經(jīng)確立的女性雜志一樣，《男性健康》也是可承受的起的。 [34:29.89]efficient delivery vehicle for the message that physical imperfection,age, [34:33.64]有效的信息傳遞手段，它告訴男士們，身體上的缺陷、年齡， [34:37.38]and an underdeveloped fashion sense are potentially crippling disabilities. [34:40.73]和落后的時(shí)尚意識(shí)都是嚴(yán)重的缺陷。 [34:44.08]As with women's magazines,this cycle of insanity is self-perpetuating. [34:47.66]和女性雜志一起，這種神經(jīng)錯(cuò)亂的怪圈正在自我固化。 [34:51.24]The more men obsess about growing old or unattractive,the more marketers will exploit and expand that fear; [34:55.69]更多的男性為年齡增長(zhǎng)或失去魅力而擔(dān)擾。更多的商家就利用和擴(kuò)大這種擔(dān)憂； [35:00.13]the more marketers bombard men with messages about the need to be beautiful, [35:03.12]商家們?cè)绞鞘褂媚行孕枰兊糜⒖〉母鞣N信息來(lái)進(jìn)行轟炸， [35:06.11]the more they will obsess. [35:07.30]就有越多的男性為此擔(dān)憂。 [35:08.49]Younger and younger men will also be drawn into this cycle of self-doubt. [35:11.53]而且，越來(lái)越年輕的男性也將陷入這種自我懷疑的怪圈中。 [35:14.57]7 Having elevated men's physical insecurities to the level of mental disorder, [35:17.50]已經(jīng)把男性身上不安全因素提升到了精神錯(cuò)亂的高度， [35:20.44]men's magazines can then start doing what really matters:selling merchandise. [35:24.43]男性雜志就可以作其真正該做的事了：兜售商品。 [35:28.43]On the cover of Men's Health each month,in small type just above the magazine's title , [35:31.71]每個(gè)月的《男性健康》雜志封面上就有小字號(hào)， [35:34.98]appears the phrase "Tons of useful stuff." [35:37.11]排印的“成噸的有用商品”。 [35:39.23]Thumbing through an issue or two however,one quickly realizes that a more accurate description would read:"Tons of expensive stuff." [35:44.27]但是，粗粗瀏覽一下，很快就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)更為精確的描述：“成噸的貴重商品”。 [35:49.31]They're all there:Calvin Klein,Versace,Nike,Omega...The magazine even has those annoying little perfume strips guaranteed to make your nose run and to alienate everyone within a five-mile radius of you. [35:59.05]卡爾文·克萊因、范思哲、耐克、歐米茄……都在里面。雜志中甚至還有惱人的香水紙，使你鼻涕橫流，也使周圍的人不敢靠近你。 [36:08.79]8 Masters of psychology, [36:10.21]因?yàn)檎莆樟诵睦韺W(xué)， [36:11.63]marketers use their sexiest messages and most popular male models to tempt or intimidate the readership of Men's Health. [36:16.78]商家用他們最為性感的信息和最為流行的男性模特來(lái)誘導(dǎo)或脅迫《男性健康》的讀者群。 [36:21.93]And just like in women's magazines,the articles themselves are designed to sell stuff. [36:25.51]而且，和女性雜志一樣，文章本身就是為兜售商品而設(shè)計(jì)的。 [36:29.09]All those helpful tips for choosing blazers,ties,and belts come complete with information on the who, [36:32.78]那兒不僅有如何選擇男裝、領(lǐng)帶、皮帶的小貼士，還提供適合何人、 [36:36.47]where,and how much. [36:37.50]何處購(gòu)買、價(jià)格如何等信息。 [36:38.52]The strategy is brilliant:Make men understand exactly how far short of the ideal they fall, [36:42.79]這一策略是了不起的：它讓男人們確實(shí)明白了自己和理想的距離。 [36:47.05]As Mark Jannot,the grooming and health editor for Men's Journal,told"Today"show host Matt Lauer, [36:50.85]像馬克·喬納特，《男士雜志》的裝扮和健康欄目編輯對(duì)“今日”節(jié)目的主持人馬特·勞爾所說(shuō)的， [36:54.65]"This is a huge,booming market. [36:56.65]這是一個(gè)巨大的，正在興旺的市場(chǎng)。 [36:58.65]I mean the marketers have found a group of people that are ripe for the picking. [37:01.17]我的意思是商家已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了一群愿意在各式各樣的高價(jià)商品上花錢的人。 [37:03.69]Men are finally learning that aging is a disease." [37:06.51]男人們終于認(rèn)識(shí)到年齡的增長(zhǎng)是個(gè)麻煩。 [37:09.34]9 To make all this "girly"image obsession acceptable to their audience, [37:11.86]為了使這種“女性化”形象能被他們的觀眾接受， [37:14.38]men's magazines employ all their creative energies to transform appearance issues into"a guy thing." [37:18.93]男性雜志動(dòng)用了他們所有的創(chuàng)造力和精力去把形象期刊轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐环N“男人的事情”。 [37:23.49]It appears that, [37:24.51]看來(lái)， [37:25.54]no matter how much skin lotion and hair gel you're trying to sell them, [37:28.58]不管護(hù)膚露和發(fā)膠賣多少錢， [37:31.62]men must never suspect that you think they share women's insecurities. [37:34.74]男士們必須毫不懷疑人們認(rèn)為他們和女士們有著同樣的不安全感。 [37:37.85]If you want a man to buy wrinkle cream,marketers have learned, [37:39.92]商家已經(jīng)認(rèn)識(shí)到如果你想要一位男士購(gòu)買防皺霜， [37:41.99]you should encourage it as part of the usual masculine shaving routine. [37:44.87]你必須鼓勵(lì)他們說(shuō)，這是男性日常剃須習(xí)慣中的一部分。 [37:47.75]Aramis,for example,assures men that its popular Lift off! [37:50.34]例如，阿拉米斯向男人們保證其流行產(chǎn)品， [37:52.93]Moisture Formula will help cut their shave time by one-third. [37:55.60]“剃須保濕配方”會(huì)幫助他們減少三分之一的剃須時(shí)間。 [37:58.26]"The biggest challenge for products started for women is how to transfer them to men [38:01.30]“對(duì)于起初為女性開(kāi)發(fā)的產(chǎn)品，其最大的挑戰(zhàn)是如何將他們轉(zhuǎn)化為男性產(chǎn)品” [38:04.35]explained George Schaeffer,the president of OPI cosmetic [38:07.10]OPI化妝品公司總裁喬治。謝弗這樣解釋道 [38:09.85]Shaeffer's Los Angeles-based company is the maker of an almost unnoticeable nail polish that has proved a hit with men. [38:14.53]謝弗的洛杉磯總公司制造了一種幾乎不為人所察覺(jué)的指甲油，受到男性的歡迎。 [38:19.21]10 On a larger scale,advertising a physical makeover or trip to a weight reduction clinic as a smart way to help one in his career [38:24.70]大規(guī)模地向人們宣傳身體塑形和減肥是有助于事業(yè)發(fā)展的另一個(gè)聰明的做法， [38:30.19]seems to help man rationalize their image obsession. [38:32.71]似乎能幫助人們對(duì)自己的形象困擾更加理性化。 [38:35.23]"Whatever a man's cosmetic shortcoming,it's apt to be a career liability," [38:38.24]“不管一個(gè)人有著什么樣的外貌缺陷，它都會(huì)成為他事業(yè)發(fā)展的不利條件?！? [38:41.25]noted Alan Farnham in a recent issue of Fortune. [38:43.24]艾倫·法納姆在近期的《財(cái)富》雜志中指出： [38:45.24]"The business world is prejudiced against the ugly." [38:47.37]“生意場(chǎng)對(duì)于丑陋懷有偏見(jiàn)。” [38:49.49]Obvious rationalization can be seen in Forbes'poor attempt to differentiate between male and female vanity in its article on cosmetic surgery: [38:55.09]《福布斯》雜志上有一篇關(guān)于外科整形手術(shù)的文章，試圖區(qū)別男人和女人的虛榮心有關(guān)不同之處： [39:00.69]"Plastic surgery is more a cosmetic thing for women. [39:02.86]“對(duì)于女人來(lái)說(shuō)外科整形手術(shù)不僅僅是美容。 [39:05.04]They have a thing about aging. [39:06.41]它還意味著（解決）衰老的問(wèn)題。 [39:07.78]For men it's an investment that pays pretty good dividend." [39:10.08]而對(duì)男人來(lái)說(shuō)，它是收益頗豐的投資。” [39:12.39]Whatever you say,guys. [39:13.52]你說(shuō)呢？ [39:14.65]11 The irony is rich and bittersweet. [39:16.02]這種諷刺是令人回味的，苦樂(lè)參半的。 [39:17.39]Gender equity is at last headed our way--not in the form of women being less obsessed with looking like Calvin Klein models, [39:22.36]男女平等總算朝我們走來(lái)，但平等不再是女性像從前那樣著迷于自己是否看上去像卡爾文·克萊因廣告中的模特， [39:27.33]but of men becoming hysterical over the first signs of wrinkles. [39:30.44]而是男性在為臉上開(kāi)始出現(xiàn)皺紋感到極其焦慮不安。 [39:33.55]New Words [39:34.69]單詞 [39:35.82]affordable adj [39:37.19]支付得起的，不太昂貴的 [39:38.56]alienate v [39:40.16]使疏遠(yuǎn)，使不友好 [39:41.76]aspiring adj [39:43.13]積極追求的，有抱負(fù)的 [39:44.50]biceps n [39:45.97]二頭肌 [39:47.45]bittersweet adj [39:48.71]又苦又甜的，苦樂(lè)參半的 [39:49.97]blazer n [39:51.05]（與褲子不配套的）男式便上裝 [39:52.13]bombard v [39:53.08]1）不斷給予，連珠炮似地發(fā)問(wèn) 2）炮擊，轟炸 [39:54.04]bulge v [39:54.88]膨脹，鼓起 [39:55.73]cosmetic adj [39:57.21]美容用的，整容的 [39:58.68]crippling adj [39:59.82]造成嚴(yán)重后果的 [40:00.95]dividend n [40:02.03]1）回報(bào)，效益 2）紅利，股息 [40:03.11]elevate v [40:04.14]提高，使上升 [40:05.16]equity n [40:06.24]公平，公正 [40:07.32]financially adv [40:08.51]經(jīng)濟(jì)上，財(cái)政上 [40:09.70]gel n [40:10.54]凝膠體 [40:11.39]girly adj [40:12.18]像少女的，女人氣的 [40:12.97]greed n [40:13.82]貪心，貪婪 [40:14.67]hairline n [40:15.93]頭發(fā)輪廓線，發(fā)際線 [40:17.19]handful n [40:17.98]1）少數(shù)，少量，一小撮 2）一把 [40:18.77]hysterical adj [40:20.03]歇斯底里的，情緒異常激動(dòng)的 [40:21.29]insane adj [40:22.71]1）蠢極的，荒唐的 2）精神錯(cuò)亂的，瘋狂的 [40:24.13]insanity n [40:25.16]1）極端的愚蠢，荒唐 2）精神錯(cuò)亂，瘋狂 [40:26.19]jaw n [40:27.03]上、下頜，下巴，口部 [40:27.88]jounalistic adj [40:28.72]新聞業(yè)的 [40:29.57]liability n [40:30.88]不利條件 [40:32.20]lotion n [40:33.22]護(hù)膚液，洗液，洗劑 [40:34.25]manicure n [40:35.38]修指甲 [40:36.52]manufacturer n [40:37.54]制造商，制造公司 [40:38.57]moisture n [40:39.60]潮濕，濕氣 [40:40.62]moisturizer n [40:41.99]潤(rùn)膚霜 [40:43.36]mud n [40:44.44]泥，泥漿 [40:45.52]nationwide adv & adj [40:46.71]1）在全國(guó)范圍內(nèi) 2）全國(guó)性的 [40:47.89]pedicure n [40:48.69]修腳趾甲，足部治療 [40:49.48]perpetuate v [40:50.74]使永久存在 [40:52.00]potbelly n [40:53.08]大肚皮，大腹 [40:54.16]radius n [40:55.42]1）半徑范圍 2）半徑 [40:56.68]readership n [40:57.87]（某一報(bào)刊雜志等的）讀者們 [40:59.05]saturated adj [41:00.19]飽和的，充滿的 [41:01.32]shortcoming n [41:02.69]缺點(diǎn)，短處 [41:04.06]silken adj [41:05.53]柔軟光滑的 [41:07.01]softener n [41:08.27]起軟化作用的東西，軟化劑，柔軟劑 [41:09.53]suitor n [41:10.95]求婚者 [41:12.37]toiletries n [41:13.80]梳妝用品，化妝品 [41:15.22]underdeveloped adj [41:16.77]不發(fā)達(dá)的，落后的，發(fā)育不全的 [41:18.31]underlying adj [41:19.57]含蓄的，內(nèi)在的，潛在的 [41:20.83]underwear n [41:22.15]內(nèi)衣褲 [41:23.46]vanity n [41:24.88]虛榮心 [41:26.31]whitener n [41:27.49]增白劑

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