國務院：六大舉措規(guī)范完善失信約束制度

日前召開的國務院常務會議，確定完善失信約束制度(the mechanism for deterring acts of bad faith)、健全社會信用體系(the social credit system)的措施，為發(fā)展社會主義市場經濟提供支撐。

圖片來源：SIPA

會議明確了六方面措施：

Administrative departments must determine acts of bad faith on the basis of legally binding documents.

行政機關將特定行為納入公共信用信息，必須嚴格以法律、法規(guī)等為依據。

The scope and procedures for sharing credit information will be standardized. The principle of legality and necessity will be observed when deciding whether and to what extent credit information is shared and disclosed.

規(guī)范信用信息共享公開范圍和程序。信用信息是否及在何種范圍共享和公開要堅持合法、必要原則。

【單詞講解】

Credit這個詞用法很多，在學校里多用來表示“學分”，比如：He enrolled in a documentary course worth 20 credits(他修了一門紀錄片的課程，有20個學分);此外，credit還可以用來表示銀行賬戶的“余額”或“信用、信譽”，比如：Jacob found out his bank account was out of credit.(Jacob 銀行卡里沒有余額了)，銀行通常在給人貸款之前會進行 “credit check 信用審查”，并給申請者一個 “信用評分 credit score 或 credit rating”;另外，credit還有一個常用意思就是 “贊揚、認可、功勞、榮譽”，比如：You should take all the credits for this accomplishment(這個成就應該完全歸功于你)。

The identification of lists of entities that have carried out serious acts of bad faith will be better regulated. The list will be limited to those who put public health and safety in grave jeopardy, seriously sabotage fair market competition order or disrupt normal social order. The list will not be willfully expanded without authorization.

規(guī)范嚴重失信主體名單認定標準，按照有關規(guī)定嚴格限定為嚴重危害群眾身體健康和生命安全、嚴重破壞市場公平競爭秩序和社會正常秩序等方面的責任主體，不得擅自增加或擴展。具體認定要嚴格履行程序。

Punishment against bad-faith acts will be enforced in accordance with laws and regulations, to make sure that penalties are meted out commensurate with dishonest behaviors.

依法依規(guī)開展失信懲戒，確保過懲相當。

【單詞講解】

這里的commensurate是形容詞，表示“(在大小、重要性、質量等方面)相稱的”，通常與with連用，比如：a salary that is commensurate with skills and experience(與技能經驗相匹配的薪水)。

A credit repair mechanism will be established. Entities will be allowed to fix negative credit records, unless otherwise stipulated by laws and regulations, should they correct dishonest behaviors and eliminate their adverse impact.

建立有利于自我糾錯的信用修復機制。除法律法規(guī)等另有規(guī)定外，失信主體按要求糾正失信行為、消除不良影響的均可申請信用修復。

The meeting underlined the need to strengthen information security and privacy protection. Illegal collection and transaction of credit information will be strictly cracked down on.

加強信息安全和隱私保護。嚴厲打擊非法收集、買賣信用信息違法行為。

【相關詞匯】

個人信息 personal information

社會信用體系 social credit system

失信行為 dishonest conduct

失信黑名單制度 blacklisting system for dishonesty

市場性懲戒 market-oriented punishment

實名制 real-name system

個人信用信息 personal credit information

個人信用數據庫 personal credit database