中國氣象局6月累計發(fā)布氣象災害預警信息4.3萬余條

6月以來，珠江流域西江及北江、黃河上游、太湖等江河湖泊都發(fā)生編號洪水，一些中小河流洪水多發(fā)重發(fā)，區(qū)域性暴雨洪水重于常年。

2020年7月5日，江西省永修縣部分道路被洪水淹沒。(圖片來源：中國日報)

In June, meteorological administrations issued over 43,000 early warning messages. The number of messages for rainstorms and thunder each increased by about 43 percent compared with the average of the total issued for the same month in the past three years, according to the China Meteorological Administration.

據(jù)中國氣象局統(tǒng)計，6月，全國氣象部門累計發(fā)布各類氣象災害預警信息4.3萬多條。其中，暴雨、雷電的預警信息發(fā)布數(shù)量均比過去三年同期增加了43%左右。

The Ministry of Emergency Management said that, as of Friday, over 19.3 million people in 26 provincial regions had suffered from floods. A total of 121 people were missing or dead and the direct economic losses from the flood disasters reached over 41.6 billion yuan.

據(jù)應急管理部介紹，截至7月3日，今年以來洪澇災害先后造成26省(區(qū)、市)1930多萬人次受災，121人死亡失蹤，直接經(jīng)濟損失超過416億元。

【知識點】

從氣象上來說，24小時降水量(precipitation)為50毫米或以上的雨稱為“暴雨”(rainstorm/ downpour/ torrential rain)。特大暴雨是一種災害性天氣(disastrous weather)，往往造成“洪澇災害”(flood)，在山區(qū)還會引發(fā)“山體滑坡”(landslide)和“泥石流”(debris flow)。Landslide(山體滑坡)是暴雨使山體不堪重負，由山體薄弱地帶斷開整體下滑，而debris flow(泥石流)是暴雨使沙土石達到水飽和，在重力的作用下液化的泥沙石向低洼處流動。

中央氣象臺再發(fā)暴雨黃色預警(yellow alert for rainstorms)

From Monday to Tuesday morning, heavy rain and rainstorms are expected in parts of Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi, Hubei, Hunan,Chongqing, Guizhou, Yunnan and Heilongjiang, the National Meteorological Center said.

中央氣象臺預計，7月6日08時至7日08時，上海、江蘇、浙江、安徽、江西、湖北、湖南、重慶、貴州、云南以及黑龍江等地部分地區(qū)有大到暴雨。

Some of these regions will see up to 80 mm of hourly precipitation, accompanied by thunderstorms and strong winds, the center said.

上述部分地區(qū)最大小時降雨量可達到80毫米，局地有雷暴大風等強對流天氣。

水利部將水旱災害防御應急響應提升至Ⅲ級

It said coordinated operation of reservoirs in the upper reaches of the Yangtze will be carried out to reduce the amount of water flowing into the Three Gorges Dam, which saw the arrival on Thursday of the first flood in the country's longest watercourse this year, and relieve flood control pressure in the middle and lower reaches of the river.

水利部表示，要加強長江上游水庫群的聯(lián)合調(diào)度，減少三峽入庫水量，減輕中下游河道防洪壓力。7月2日，長江2020年第1號洪水抵達三峽大壩。

Among areas to be covered by the rain band, some places in Shanxi, Henan, Shandong and Heilongjiang provinces and the Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang Uygur autonomous regions are forecast to see their precipitation increase by 30 to 50 percent compared with previous years.

受雨帶影響的地區(qū)中，山西、河北、山東、黑龍江、內(nèi)蒙古、新疆等地的部分地區(qū)降雨較常年同期可能偏多3-5成。

The coming rain may result in major regional floods in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, southern parts of the Haihe River, the Songhuajiang and Liaohe rivers. The rain, together with melted snow, may also cause flooding in some areas in Xinjiang, the ministry said.

受其影響，黃河中游、海河南系、松花江、遼河等河流可能發(fā)生區(qū)域性較大洪水，新疆部分地區(qū)可能發(fā)生降雨融雪混合型洪水。

【相關(guān)詞匯】

frequent showers 經(jīng)常性的陣雨

rain cats and dogs 傾盆大雨

torrential downpours/rains 暴雨/傾盆大雨

persistent rain 持續(xù)降雨

heavy rain 大雨

rainfall 降雨

downpour 暴雨

shower 陣雨

storm/tempest/rainstorms 暴風雨

thundershower 雷陣雨

drizzle 毛毛雨

release flood waters 泄洪

flood-diversion zones 分洪區(qū)

check dam 淤地壩/攔沙壩

flood-prevention 防洪

spillway 泄洪道