共享單車(chē)押金管理將迎新規(guī) 預(yù)付押金不得超過(guò)100元

近日，交通運(yùn)輸部發(fā)布《交通運(yùn)輸新業(yè)態(tài)用戶(hù)資金管理辦法(試行)》并向社會(huì)征求意見(jiàn)，新規(guī)明確共享出行運(yùn)營(yíng)企業(yè)原則上不收取用戶(hù)押金，并規(guī)定了押金收取的上限。

A worker organizes Mobike shared bicycles in Jinan, Shandong province, on Friday. [Photo/China Daily]

The regulation, if enacted, would require that companies charge users a deposit based on their service capability. The total prepaid funds in a user's account on a bike-sharing platform, for example, would be capped at 100 yuan ($15), while the money for other new transportation business would be less than 8,000 yuan.

新規(guī)要求，運(yùn)營(yíng)企業(yè)收取的用戶(hù)預(yù)付資金總規(guī)模應(yīng)當(dāng)與其服務(wù)能力相匹配，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)租賃自行車(chē)單個(gè)用戶(hù)賬號(hào)內(nèi)的預(yù)付資金額度不得超過(guò)100元;其他交通運(yùn)輸新業(yè)態(tài)單個(gè)用戶(hù)賬號(hào)內(nèi)的預(yù)付資金額度不得超過(guò)8000元。

The draft regulation makes it clear that users' prepaid funds can only be used for a company's main business, and may not be used for investment-such as real estate, equity, securities and bonds-or for debt service.

新規(guī)還明確提出，運(yùn)營(yíng)企業(yè)只能將用戶(hù)預(yù)付資金用于其主營(yíng)業(yè)務(wù)，不得用于不動(dòng)產(chǎn)、股權(quán)、證券、債券等投資及其他借貸用途等。

【名詞解釋】

這里提到的“共享出行”包括網(wǎng)絡(luò)預(yù)約出租汽車(chē)(online taxi-hailing)、汽車(chē)分時(shí)租賃(car rental)和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)租賃自行車(chē)(online bike rental/bike sharing)等。

共享出行其實(shí)是分享經(jīng)濟(jì)(sharing economy)的一種。分享經(jīng)濟(jì)(sharing economy或shared economy)指能夠讓商品、服務(wù)、數(shù)據(jù)以及才能等有共享渠道的經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)體系(economic and social systems that enable shared access to goods, services, data and talent)。這些體系形式各異，但都是運(yùn)用信息技術(shù)讓個(gè)人、公司、非盈利機(jī)構(gòu)以及政府掌握大量信息以讓他們可以分配、共享及再利用過(guò)剩的商品和服務(wù)(empower individuals, corporations, non-profits and government with information that enables distribution, sharing and reuse of excess capacity in goods and services)。

新規(guī)要求，運(yùn)營(yíng)企業(yè)原則上不收取用戶(hù)押金，確有必要收取的，應(yīng)當(dāng)基于協(xié)議(any deposits should be based on agreements)，提供運(yùn)營(yíng)企業(yè)專(zhuān)用存款賬戶(hù)(special deposit account)和用戶(hù)個(gè)人銀行結(jié)算賬戶(hù)(personal settlement account)兩種資金存管方式，供用戶(hù)選擇。用戶(hù)押金歸用戶(hù)所有，運(yùn)營(yíng)企業(yè)不得挪用(companies may not misappropriate deposit funds)。

此外，新規(guī)還明確提出，運(yùn)營(yíng)企業(yè)應(yīng)當(dāng)建立用戶(hù)預(yù)付資金備付金制度(provisions system for user deposits)，備付金不得低于用戶(hù)預(yù)付資金余額的40%。

根據(jù)新規(guī)，用戶(hù)申請(qǐng)退還押金(apply for deposit refund)時(shí)，存管銀行和其他支付服務(wù)機(jī)構(gòu)核對(duì)相關(guān)信息后，應(yīng)當(dāng)于當(dāng)日(至遲次日)基于原路退還原則退還用戶(hù)。用戶(hù)原賬戶(hù)發(fā)生變化的，運(yùn)營(yíng)企業(yè)需提供用戶(hù)身份信息、押金支付信息和退款賬戶(hù)信息，存管銀行和其他支付服務(wù)機(jī)構(gòu)核對(duì)認(rèn)定后再行退還(refund customers' deposits after verifying the user's information)。

【相關(guān)詞匯】

共享單車(chē) bike sharing

在線叫車(chē) online car-hailing

分享經(jīng)濟(jì) sharing economy

押金管理 deposit management

停車(chē)管理 parking management

免押金 deposit waiver