VOA慢速英語: 寫作技巧
Tips for Better Writing
寫作技巧
From VOA Learning English, this is the Education Report.
這里是美國之音慢速英語教育報道。
Today we continue our series of expert suggestions for academic writing. Our guest is Jennifer Ahern-Dodson, assistant professor of the Practice in Writing Studies at Duke University in North Carolina.
今天我們來繼續(xù)我們的專家學(xué)術(shù)寫作系列建議。我們今天的特邀嘉賓是詹妮弗·埃亨—多德森，她是北卡羅納州杜克大學(xué)的寫作實(shí)踐研究張助理教授。
Ms. Ahern-Dodson starts a conversation with both students and professors planning to write a paper or essay. She asks about their earlier writing experiences. Were they negative or positive?
埃亨—多德森與計(jì)劃寫一篇論文的師生們開始了一段對話。她問到他們的早期寫作經(jīng)驗(yàn)，他們是消極的還是積極地？
She advises that you are not alone if you have had problems with your writing. She says everyone struggles with writing.
她講到，如果你在寫作上遇到什么問題的話，這很正常，你并不孤單，每個人多面臨著或多或少的寫作問題。
“Writing is hard. All writers struggle at some point. And even if writing has come easily for you, at some point in your work as a student, that eventually you’re going to hit a roadblock. And so part of what I like to get folks thinking about is -- besides writing’s hard for everybody – is to really take a moment to think about their past writing experiences. And when the writing is going well, what was happening? When the writing wasn’t going well, what was happening?”
“寫作是很困難，所有的作家在某一時刻都有過寫作上的掙扎，即使在你作為學(xué)生的某個時刻，寫作對于你來說很容易，最終你也會遇到障礙。因此我喜歡讓人們?nèi)ニ伎嫉牟糠志褪?，除去寫作的困難之外，花點(diǎn)時間去思考自己過去的寫作經(jīng)驗(yàn)。當(dāng)寫作順利進(jìn)行時，是怎么個情況？當(dāng)寫作遇到阻礙時，發(fā)生了什么？”
She says most people’s negative writing experiences happened because a very specific formula is required for a paper including an exact length.
她稱很多人有負(fù)面寫作經(jīng)驗(yàn)是因?yàn)槟骋黄恼滤枰奶囟ǖ母袷?，包括確切長度。
“And so they primarily focus on, and worry about, what the final product has to look like, like how many pages for a research essay? Or if it is in the second or third language, you know, punctuation and grammar, like whether it gets communicated in the right language.”
“所以他們都很關(guān)心和擔(dān)心的問題是最終對該論文有什么要求，例如這篇文章要寫多少頁或者說是否需要用第二或第三語言來寫，還有標(biāo)點(diǎn)啊語法啊，例如是否用適當(dāng)?shù)恼Z言來交流。”
“And so focusing on the end makes it really hard to get started.”
“所以往往太關(guān)注最終結(jié)果而導(dǎo)致很難開始。”
Another problem can arise when the need to do well on a paper is extremely important.
尤其是在當(dāng)寫好某一篇文章特別重要時，就會產(chǎn)生另一個問題。
“…like a timed essay exam, or a college application essay, or a research paper that is at the end of the semester, and it’s tied to the entire grade for the class. So worrying about what will happen if they don’t do well – get bad grades, don’t get into college -- creates, of course, significant anxiety. And that can make it harder to get the writing done.”
“……就像一個限制時間的作文考試，或大學(xué)申請論文，或?qū)W期結(jié)束時的研究報告，它會和整年的課程緊密相連。所以如果寫的不好，大家就會擔(dān)心會發(fā)生什么，害怕會得低分，擔(dān)心會因此無法進(jìn)入大學(xué)，這當(dāng)然會引起大家的嚴(yán)重焦慮，這就會使得你很難完成論文。”
Then she and the people she’s helping move to more positive projects. She says usually when writing comes easily, the writers feel they have something important to say.
然后她和她所幫助的人轉(zhuǎn)換到了更積極的計(jì)劃中。她稱，通常寫作變得很容易時，往往是作者感覺自己有重要的事情要說時。
The teacher advises asking yourself questions. What personal understanding of the subject can you bring to your paper? Why is this subject important? For whom is it meaningful? Who will be reading it?
該老師建議大家問自己問題，例如，你可對你的論文主題有著怎樣的理解？這個主題有什么重要意義？這個主題會對誰有意義？誰會去讀這篇文章？
“…Think about who your audience is, and what it is that you really want to say to them. And what that can do is help you switch from the final product and what it can look like (to) really more on what you have to offer, your particular perspective.”
“……你要考慮自己的讀者會是誰，你真正想對他們說的是什么，這樣就可以讓你從對論文成文后的思考上轉(zhuǎn)移到思考你所想要表達(dá)的特定觀點(diǎn)上。”
She says that is an important change for all writers.
她稱，這對于所有的作家來說都是一個重要的變化。
And that’s the VOA Learning English Education Report. Coming soon: Jennifer Ahern-Dodson talks about doing research, sitting down to write and sharing your writing with others.
I’m Jeri Watson.
這就是本期的美國之音慢速英語教育報道的全部內(nèi)容，即將來臨的報道是：埃亨-多德森談?wù)撊绾巫鲅芯浚聛韺懽骱团c他人分享你的寫作經(jīng)驗(yàn)。我是杰瑞·沃森。
[page]聽力原文[/page]
Tips for Better Writing
From VOA Learning English, this is the Education Report.
Today we continue our series of expert suggestions for academic writing. Our guest is Jennifer Ahern-Dodson, assistant professor of the Practice in Writing Studies at Duke University in North Carolina.
Ms. Ahern-Dodson starts a conversation with both students and professors planning to write a paper or essay. She asks about their earlier writing experiences. Were they negative or positive?
She advises that you are not alone if you have had problems with your writing. She says everyone struggles with writing.
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“Writing is hard. All writers struggle at some point. And even if writing has come easily for you, at some point in your work as a student, that eventually you’re going to hit a roadblock. And so part of what I like to get folks thinking about is -- besides writing’s hard for everybody – is to really take a moment to think about their past writing experiences. And when the writing is going well, what was happening? When the writing wasn’t going well, what was happening?”
She says most people’s negative writing experiences happened because a very specific formula is required for a paper including an exact length.
“And so they primarily focus on, and worry about, what the final product has to look like, like how many pages for a research essay? Or if it is in the second or third language, you know, punctuation and grammar, like whether it gets communicated in the right language.
“And so focusing on the end makes it really hard to get started.”
Another problem can arise when the need to do well on a paper is extremely important.
“…like a timed essay exam, or a college application essay, or a research paper that is at the end of the semester, and it’s tied to the entire grade for the class. So worrying about what will happen if they don’t do well – get bad grades, don’t get into college -- creates, of course, significant anxiety. And that can make it harder to get the writing done.”
Then she and the people she’s helping move to more positive projects. She says usually when writing comes easily, the writers feel they have something important to say.
The teacher advises asking yourself questions. What personal understanding of the subject can you bring to your paper? Why is this subject important? For whom is it meaningful? Who will be reading it?
“…Think about who your audience is, and what it is that you really want to say to them. And what that can do is help you switch from the final product and what it can look like (to) really more on what you have to offer, your particular perspective.”
She says that is an important change for all writers.
And that’s the VOA Learning English Education Report. Coming soon: Jennifer Ahern-Dodson talks about doing research, sitting down to write and sharing your writing with others.
I’m Jeri Watson.
______________________________________________________________
Words in this Story
conversation - n. an informal talk involving two people or a group of people
experiences - n. the processes of doing and seeing things and having things happen to you
negative - adj. unpleasant, unproductive
positive - n. pleasant, productive
hit a roadblock - idiom, encountering a situation that blocks one’s progress
audience - n. the people who watch, read, or listen to something
perspective - n. the way you view something; point of view
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