“皖南古村落”中英雙語導游詞

(皖南古村落)

Ladies and gentlemen，

Today，we are going to pay a visit to Xidi and Hongcun Villages.Now，I'd like to briefly introduce these two well-known scenic attractions.Xidi and Hongcun Villages are good examples of Southern Anhui Province’s culture and its unique ancient villages.They and other such ancient villages have their regional and cultural origins in the region south of the Yangtze River and possess special Huizhou cultural features.Xidi village has been reputed as “A Living Ancient Residential Museum”, while Hongcun village is described as “China’s Picturesque Village".Both were added to UNESCO’s list of World Cultural Heritage sites in 2000.

Xidi Village

Xidi Village is in southeast Yixian County，Anhui Province，with 300 ancient houses built in the Ming and Qing Dynasties，124 of which are in perfect condition.The design of the streets and lanes and other houses follows the older pattern，maintaining the village’s ancient style of life and architecture.Foreign experts have declared that “they are the finest examples of ancient residences under best protection and preservation” and are among the most beautiful villages in the world.”

Xidi Village extends 700 meters from east to west and 300 meters from north to south，giving it the shape of a large boat.The village first became prominent during the Ming Dynasty Jingtai Emperor's reign and became highly prosperous from the reign of the Ming Dynasty Jiajing Emperor to the Qing Dynasty Qianlong Emperor's reign.This prosperity was due to the efforts of high-ranking officials and successful merchants.Yet，the strict hierarchy of feudal society was also shown in the construction of residence.The merchants could only choose the best materials and plan most sophisticated workmanship to show off their wealth and position.In Xidi Village，we c an see many examples of fine stone，brick，and wood carvings.

The Archway of Hu Wenguang the Prefectural Governor

The first sight that appears before us when we approach Xidi Village is a high archway-the Archway of Hu Wenguang the Prefectural Governor.It is the archway to the honor of Hu Wenguang’s merits and virtues.In Southern Anhui Province archways are built for different purposes，including loyalty, merits and virtues, benevolence and filial piety，and chastity.Hu Wenguang，a native of Xidi Village，won his position of candidate in the provincial examination in 1555 and was appointed the County Governor of Wanzai County.During his time in office，he ordered that the city walls be built，set up schools，and contributed much to the benefit of the local people.Later，the Provincial Governor recommended that he be appointed Jiaozhou’s Prefectural Governor in charge of oceanic shipping service.Later，he was promoted for several times.In the 6 th year of Ming Dynasty Wanli Emperor's reign，the emperor approved of the establishment of this archway in his hometown to reward his devoted service and efforts for the public interest.

Mansion of the Senior 0fficial

We are now visiting the Mansion where the senior official，Hu Wenzhao once lived in.It was

built in 1619 during the early Qing Dynasty and has a unique feature—a delicate and elegant pavilion extends from the upright wall close to the street.The pavilion hangs there，with a flying-up roof and up-turned eaves and has rails and windows along three sides.Originally, it was used for landscape-appreciation.But later，people used it for silk-ball-throwing，a local practice for matching-making between young man and young woman.Such practice is often described in dramas and novels，as those young ladies of rich and decent families could only arbitrarily decide their marriage by throwing silk-ball to anyone who caught it. This was done because it was hard for such ladies to choose among so many suitors. You can now also take part in this activity and have a bit of fun doing so.

Hongcun Village

Now we are in Hongcun village. Hongcun Village was designed and constructed in the shape of a buffalo. If seen on a higher place, the whole village is like a buffalo lying beside the stream. A hillock in the west stands like a buffalo’s head; with two big trees as tow horns; four stone bridges across Jiyang River are like the four legs of the buffalo; the blocks of ancient houses in the village make up the body; while a 1,000 meter long stream winding among the houses is just like the bowel of the buffalo; a pond in the shape of a half-moon is the stomach, and a larger pool in the south of the village is the belly of the buffalo. The local people used their intelligence and diligence to design and construct such a buffalo-shape village.

Chengzhi Tang (Ambition Hall)

Please look at the building. It is called Chengzhi Tang and was built in 1855. It served as the residence of the well-known Qing Dynasty salt merchant, Wang Dinggui. According to an old local saying, “There is no town but with Huizhou-style buildings and there is no business but with merchants from Yixian County.” It is obvious that Yixian County men played a very important role in the Huizhou business community. Wang Dinggui was a shrewd salt trader and made large profits from it. In order to honor his ancestry, Wang constructed magnificent residence in his hometown.

Now we are in the center of the courtyard, and here Chengzhi Tang’s main hall. The door frame and porch are decorated with wood and brick carvings of vases, ancient plum flowers, the Eight Immortals, and the like. On the two sides of the gate there are the carvings of “Carp Jumping over the Dragon Gate”, symbolizing the owner’s political ambitions after his success in the business world.

The tour of Xidi and Hongcun villages now has come to an end. Thank you all. I hope you can remember the beauty of the ancient villages in Southern Anhui Province and expect you will come back to visit here again.

各位朋友，大家好!我們將前往西遞和宏村景區(qū)游覽。先簡單介紹一下這兩個著名的古村落。西遞和宏村是皖南古村落中最具有代表性的兩座古村落，是皖南地域文化的典型代表?，F(xiàn)在我們所指的皖南古村落是指安徽省長江以南山區(qū)地域范圍內(nèi)，具有共同地域文化背景的歷史傳統(tǒng)村落，具有強烈的徽州文化特色。西遞有“中國古民居博物館”之稱，宏村則有“中國畫里的鄉(xiāng)村"之譽。2000年，它們被聯(lián)合國教科文組織列入世界文化遺產(chǎn)名錄。

西遞村

西遞村位于安徽省黟縣東南，村中300幢民居絕大多數(shù)是明清時修建，保存完好的有124幢，街巷布局依然如故，風貌古樸，被國外一些建筑專家譽為“世界上保護完好的古民居建筑群”、“世界上最美的村鎮(zhèn)”。

西遞村東西長700米，南北寬300米，平面呈船形。它發(fā)展于明朝景泰年間，明嘉靖至清乾隆時期達到鼎盛。西遞之所以興旺，主要是因為村中屢出高官和富商，聚集了大量的財富，有了較雄厚的經(jīng)濟基礎(chǔ)。但是在封建社會，建筑府第宅院是有嚴格的等級規(guī)范的，徽商只能盡可能的選用上好的石頭、木材，在精雕細刻上下功夫，并以此作為炫耀財富和地位的手段。所以在西遞，精美的石雕、磚雕、木雕隨處可見。

胡文光刺史坊

大家看，前面就是西遞村，村頭迎面矗立的一座高大的石牌坊，叫胡文光刺史坊。這是一座功德牌坊。順便介紹一下，在徽州，牌坊分為忠義、功德、慈孝、貞潔四類。胡文光，西遞村人，于明代嘉靖三十四年(公元1555年)中舉，擔任過萬載縣縣令，筑城墻、修學校，做了不少利國利民的好事。后經(jīng)巡撫推薦，擔任了膠州刺史兼理海運。后來又被多次提升。明萬歷年間，皇帝批準胡文光的鄉(xiāng)親在此立這座功德牌坊，以表達胡文光在任期間對民眾做的好事。

大夫第

大家現(xiàn)在參觀的是大夫第。它建于清康熙三十年(公元1 61 9年)，為朝列大夫胡文照故居。大夫第有個突出的特點，就是在臨街墻的平面，懸空挑出一座小巧玲瓏、古樸典雅的亭閣式建筑。閣頂飛檐翹角，三面有欄桿、排窗，顯得突兀別致。這座懸閣危樓原本是用于觀景的，但后來人們便把它作為拋彩球的繡樓了。拋繡球這種事，大家在小說和戲劇中都看到過的。大多是這些待守閨中的小姐，或者因求婚者多，且多有權(quán)勢，如何抉擇左右為難，或者是因待守少女擇婚主張與父母意見不合，愛女也許早有意中人，于是便出現(xiàn)了拋彩球選婿這種戲劇性做法?，F(xiàn)在有興趣的朋友也可以參與一下，看看自己的運氣如何。

宏村

不知不覺，我們已經(jīng)步入了宏村。宏村是一座“牛形村"，整個村莊從高處看，宛若一頭斜臥山前溪邊的青牛。西邊的雷崗巍巍而立，宛如“牛首”;村口的兩棵參天古樹恰似“牛角";前后四座橫跨吉陽水的橋梁正如“牛腿”;村中數(shù)百幢明清古建筑，猶如臥牛盤踞;一條千米之長的水渠環(huán)繞全村，盤曲流經(jīng)各家各戶，這是“牛腸”;村中一半月形池塘，那就是“牛胃";村南有一較大水面南湖，那是“牛肚"。宏村人用自己的智慧和辛勤的汗水，做活、做絕了牛形村，創(chuàng)造了絕妙的田園風光。

承志堂

大家請看這座建筑，這是承志堂，是清代大鹽商汪定貴的住宅，建于清咸豐五年(公元1 855年)。有句古語叫“無徽不成鎮(zhèn)，無黟不成商”，可見“黟縣幫”當年在徽商中的重要位置。據(jù)說汪定貴為人精明，經(jīng)營鹽業(yè)發(fā)了大財，為了光宗耀祖，便在家鄉(xiāng)大興土木，建造豪華住宅。

現(xiàn)在我們到了院內(nèi)正中，是承志堂正堂。先讓我們看看它的門罩，門樓上的雕刻，同別的庭院一樣，有磚雕花瓶、古梅、八仙等。八字門樓的兩邊，刻有“鯉魚跳龍門”，反映了房主在占有大量財富后企求政治上飛黃騰達的愿望。

西遞和宏村之旅到此就要結(jié)束了，感謝大家，希望大家能記住皖南古村落的秀美，有空再來看看。