用英語說中國旅游華北地區(qū) 03：長城自然概況2

特別提醒

The format of its wall varied in accordance with the topography and defense requirements. In plains or key passages it was built very high and solid，while relatively low and narrow on high and steep mountains to reduce the cost of money and man labor. In impossible places the wall-like mountain ridges were included in as a part，termed as“steep mountain wall”，or cut into cliffs as part of it, termed as“cut mountain wall". 長城的城墻根據地形和防御功能的需要而建筑。凡在平原或要隘之處修筑得十分高大堅固;在高山險峻之處卻較為低矮狹窄，以節(jié)約人力和費用;在一此無法修筑的陡峭之處.則采取了“山險墻”和“劈山墻”的辦法。 In places like Juyong Pass，Badaling，and some in provinces of Hebei， Shanxi，and Gansu，the wall is usually 7一8m high，4一5m thick on top and 6- 7m at the bottom. Towards the inside on the top is a parapet wall about 1 m high in case of the soldiers' falling over，and that outwards is crenellated，about 2m high. The top of this side has breaches for watch，and holes below for shooting and sto- ning. In vital sections，the top is blocked by a series of crossing barrier walls in case the enemy climbed up. 在居庸關、八達嶺和河北、山西、甘肅等地的長城城墻，一般高達7一8米，底部厚約6一7米，墻頂寬約4一5米。在城墻頂上，內側設宇墻，高一米多，以防巡邏士兵跌落;外側一面設垛口墻，高2米左右;垛口墻的下部設有望口，下部有射洞和擂石孔，以觀看敵情和射擊、滾放擂石之用。在有些重要城墻的頂上還建有層層障墻，以抵抗萬一登上城墻的敵人。