20多歲生孩子和30多歲生孩子有什么不同

Giving birth at any age comes with changes — to your body and bank account.

任何年齡的生育都會(huì)不同——你的身體和銀行賬戶都是不一樣的。

Women in their 20s have a much higher chance of getting pregnant, for example, and a lower risk of conditions like gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, and high blood pressure.

例如，20多歲的女性懷孕的幾率更高，患妊娠糖尿病、先兆子癇和高血壓等疾病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)更低。

Studies suggest that women who wait until their 30s to give birth may be healthier later in life, live longer, and earn more income. They'll also be more likely to have twins.

研究表明，等到30多歲才生孩子的女性可能晚年更健康，壽命更長(zhǎng)，收入更多。他們也更有可能生雙胞胎。

Giving birth at any age is a big change. For one, you'll have a child to support. They cost the average household around $230,000 to raise, but there are some major differences based on when you give birth. Take fertility: Between the ages of 20 and 24, women have an 86% chance of conceiving after trying for a year. But that chance falls to around 50% in your late 30s.

對(duì)任何年齡來說，生孩子都是一項(xiàng)巨大的挑戰(zhàn)。首先，你要撫養(yǎng)一個(gè)孩子。平均每個(gè)家庭要花23萬(wàn)美元來養(yǎng)孩子，但根據(jù)你生孩子的時(shí)間還有一些很大的不同。以生育率為例：在20歲到24歲之間，女性備孕一懷孕的幾率為86%。但在30多歲的時(shí)候，這個(gè)幾率會(huì)下降到50%左右。

And then there's your health. 20-somethings have a lower chance of miscarrying and of conditions like gestational diabetes , preeclampsia , and high blood pressure . But when it comes to your health later in life, waiting until your 30s to give birth is better. Research shows that moms who first gave birth in their early 30s report higher energy, better fitness, and fewer aches and pains compared to moms who first gave birth in their early 20s.

還有你的健康。20多歲的人流產(chǎn)的幾率較低，患妊娠糖尿病、先兆子癇和高血壓的幾率也較低。但說起對(duì)晚年健康的影響，那么等到30多歲生孩子會(huì)更好。研究表明，與20出頭第一次分娩的母親相比，30出頭第一次分娩的母親精力更充沛，身體更健康，疼痛更少。

And that might help explain another scientific finding. Women who have kids in their 30s might also live longer. According to a paper published in 2015, women who had their last child after age 33 were twice as likely to live past 95 compared to women who had their last child before their 30 th birthday.

這可能有助于解釋另一項(xiàng)科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)。30多歲有孩子的女性也可能活得更長(zhǎng)。根據(jù)2015年發(fā)表的一篇論文，33歲以后生最后一個(gè)孩子的女性活到95歲以上的可能性是30歲之前生最后一個(gè)孩子的女性的兩倍。

And perhaps they'll also have more money to spend in those extra years. A Danish study found that college-educated mothers who were 31 to 34 when they gave birth earned around $5,000 more income over their lifetime compared to the average woman with a college degree, whereas college-educated women who had their first kid before 25 earned around $80,000 less.

也許他們也會(huì)有更多的錢花在這些額外的壽命上。丹麥的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，與擁有大學(xué)學(xué)位的普通女性相比，在31歲到34歲之間接受過大學(xué)教育的母親在一生中的收入要多出5000美元左右，而受過大學(xué)教育的女性在25歲之前生育第一個(gè)孩子的收入比她們少約8萬(wàn)美元。

Of course, that's just moms. What about the kids? If their moms gave birth in their 30s instead of their 20s, those kids might be safer, smarter, or even taller. On top of that, there might be more of them. That's right, because if you wait until your 30s, you're more likely to have twins. Older women have higher levels of a hormone called FSH, which stimulates the ovaries. Normally, women release just enough FSH to ovulate or release one egg, but near menopause, they produce a ton of it, which can cause two eggs to ovulate and ultimately result in twins.

當(dāng)然，那只是媽媽們的不同。孩子們呢?如果他們的媽媽在30多歲而不是20多歲的時(shí)候生孩子，這些孩子可能會(huì)更安全、更聰明，甚至更高。除此之外，可能還有更多。沒錯(cuò)，因?yàn)槿绻愕鹊?0多歲，你更有可能生雙胞胎。老年女性體內(nèi)一種名為FSH的激素水平較高，這種激素能刺激卵巢。正常情況下，女性釋放的FSH只夠排卵或釋放一個(gè)卵子，但接近更年期時(shí)，會(huì)產(chǎn)生大量FSH，這會(huì)促進(jìn)兩個(gè)卵子排卵，最終導(dǎo)致雙胞胎。