托福備考語(yǔ)法指導(dǎo)：分詞及真題要點(diǎn)解析

　　(1) ------- as“the census taker of the sky”Annie Jump Cannon contributed considerably to the field of astronomy。

　　(A) Known

　　(B) Knowing

　　(C) To known

　　(D) Knowledge (92.5)

　?。鄞鸢福?A 分詞短語(yǔ)置于句首作表示身份的狀語(yǔ)。它的邏輯主語(yǔ)即是句子的主語(yǔ)Annie Jump Cannon。

　　(2) ------- in 1635， the Boston Latin School is the oldest public school in the United States 。

　　(A) Founded

　　(B) Founding

　　(C) To found

　　(D) Having founded (92.1)

　?。鄞鸢福?A 分詞短語(yǔ)表示時(shí)間，其邏輯主語(yǔ)即是句子主語(yǔ)The Boston Latin School。

　　(3) ------- the constitution of the Cherokee Nation provided for a chief executive， a senate， and a house of representatives。

　　(A) In 1827 they drafted

　　(B) The draft in 1827

　　(C) In 1872 was drafted

　　(D) Drafted in 1827 (90.5)

　?。鄞鸢福?D分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)，表示時(shí)間。此結(jié)構(gòu)可擴(kuò)展為一狀語(yǔ)從句；where the constitution of the Cherokee Nation was drafted in 1827 it provided for a chief executive a senate， and a house of representatives。

　　4. 現(xiàn)在分詞表達(dá)主動(dòng)的概念；過(guò)去分詞表達(dá)被動(dòng)的概念

　　全真例題分析

　　(1) Tudging to be the best boxer of his time， sugar Ray Robinson lost only 3 out of 137 fights (94.1)

　?。鄞鸢福?A 此分詞短語(yǔ)與其邏輯上的主語(yǔ)sugar Ray Robinson 是被動(dòng)的關(guān)系(Sugar was judged to be…) 故應(yīng)用過(guò)去詞Tudped to be。

　　(2) During the Colonial days， the Iroquois had an agricultural economy basing mainly on corn with supplementary crops of pumpkins ，beans， and tobacco. (92.1)

　　［答案］ B通常我們說(shuō)to be based on ，這個(gè)短語(yǔ)表示被動(dòng)概念(基于，以…為基礎(chǔ))，所以應(yīng)改用過(guò)去分詞based。

　　(3) Per capita income is a nation*s entire income dividing by the number of people in the nation. (90.10)

　?。鄞鸢福?B根據(jù)句意及分詞dividing后面的介詞by，可以推斷這個(gè)分詞短語(yǔ)表達(dá)的是被動(dòng)的概念，因此，應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞divided by。

　　(4) Clementine Hunter*s primitive paintings have been exhibited at various galleries. Included one at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington. D.C. (93.1)

　?。鄞鸢福?D 分詞in cluded與其邏輯的主語(yǔ)paintings并無(wú)被動(dòng)的關(guān)系，不應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞，應(yīng)改為慣用現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)in cluding + 名詞賓語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)