英語聽力文摘 嬰兒口味偏好

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美國一項(xiàng)研究顯示-準(zhǔn)媽媽在孕期的飲食偏好會(huì)直接影響到孩子出生后的口味選擇。做這項(xiàng)研究的科學(xué)家們在實(shí)驗(yàn)中發(fā)現(xiàn)，胎寶寶能通過子宮“品嘗”到食物的味道。試想一下，如果，準(zhǔn)媽媽在懷孕時(shí)偏愛某種食物，那么胎兒也可能通過子宮“品嘗”到該食物的味道，這種首次的味覺體驗(yàn)會(huì)對孩子將來的飲食喜好產(chǎn)生直接的影響。不僅如此，科學(xué)家們還發(fā)現(xiàn)，胎寶寶除了能“品嘗”到食物的味道外，他們還有超強(qiáng)的記憶力，通過在子宮內(nèi)的“品嘗”，胎寶寶熟悉媽媽曾吃過的食物味道。嬰兒在出生前首先在羊水中“認(rèn)識(shí)”這種味道，然后在母乳中得到，最后在餐桌前首次食用。在羊水或母乳中對食物味道的體驗(yàn)，可能有助于孩子斷奶后對這種食品的接受程度。

這個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)同時(shí)也帶給我們新的啟示：最為本質(zhì)的胎教，不是語言，不是音樂，或許就是準(zhǔn)媽媽日常生活的習(xí)慣。

Want to know how to reduce pickiness in your child's diet? Find out on this Moment of Science.

Our lifelong food preferences are largely shaped by the foods we’re exposed to early on in childhood. This process begins before we even taste solid foods. If introduced early enough, we’ll happily accept flavors that our own parents might (1)turn their noses up at.

For instance, there is an (2)infant formula designed to aid digestion, which has a bitter (3)aftertaste that parents find (4)unappealing. They assume that their babies couldn’t possibly like it. If they wait until their babies are seven months old to introduce the formula, their assumption will probably be right.

However, if they introduce the formula to the child within its first four months of life, the baby will accept the formula and continue to accept it. So if a mother (5)breastfeeds that mean that by eating vegetables, her baby will be exposed to the flavors of vegetables through her breast milk.

If a mother eats a varied diet, then her breast milk can naturally introduce a wide variety of flavors to her baby early on. And the wider variety of flavors children are exposed to, the more likely they are to eat a varied diet later on in life.

譯文：

嬰兒口味偏好

我們一生的食物偏好大多數(shù)取決于在童年時(shí)期接觸到的食物。在我們接觸固體食物以前，這個(gè)過程已經(jīng)開始了。如果及早接觸的話，我們可能會(huì)接受父母嗤之以鼻的口味。

比如，有一個(gè)幫助消化的嬰兒配方食物，回味起來苦澀無比，家長們都不喜歡。他們猜測自己的孩子可能也不喜歡。如果直到孩子7個(gè)月大的時(shí)候，才給他們喂養(yǎng)這種食物的話，家長們的猜測也許是對的。

但是，如果在孩子四個(gè)月大的時(shí)候，喂養(yǎng)這種食物的話，孩子就會(huì)接受并繼續(xù)食用它。因此，如果一個(gè)母親在吃蔬菜的同時(shí)用母乳喂養(yǎng)孩子，她的孩子就會(huì)通過乳汁接觸到蔬菜的味道。

假如一位母親有多樣化的飲食，她的母乳在嬰兒早期就能介紹各種不同的口味給孩子。孩子接觸到的口味越廣，他們食用多樣化食物的可能性就越大。

Notes:

(1)Turn one's nose up at 看不起

He was such an arrogant person that he would turn his nose up at anyone with a funny accent.

他是個(gè)傲慢的人，看不起任何說話口音重的人。

(2)infant formula 嬰兒配方;嬰兒配方食品

(3)aftertaste ['ɑ:ft?teist, '?f-] n.回味;余韻

(4)unappealing [,?n?'pi:li?] adj.不能打動(dòng)人的;無吸引力

During the interview, be confident but not cocky. Overconfidence is just as unappealing as its opposite.

在面試中，要自信而不要自大。過度自信往往會(huì)起到相反的效果。

(5)breastfeed ['brestfi:d] adj.以母奶養(yǎng)育的 n.母乳喂養(yǎng) vt.以母乳喂養(yǎng)

There are several reasons some mothers may not be able to breastfeed.

有些母親沒能夠進(jìn)行母乳喂養(yǎng)，原因是多樣的。