中級(jí)美國英語間接引句（一）
一.本課要點(diǎn)及示例
在這一課里, 我們學(xué)習(xí)間接引句的用法, 比方: "他說他不來." He said that he was not coming. 等等. 現(xiàn)在我們來聽今天這一課里的對(duì)話, 內(nèi)容是說凱特在學(xué)校里跟同事, 也就是教體育的比爾, 談到了一個(gè)學(xué)生缺課的事情. 請(qǐng)你注意聽兩位英文老師的發(fā)音和語調(diào).
M: Is everyone here today?
F: No, Jimmy Taylor is absent.
M: That's strange. We're choosing teams today. He asked if he could be a captain. It's really too bad that he is not here.
F: He and his father came to see me early this morning. His father asked if Jimmy could be excused today. He said that they were going on a trip.
M: How long will Jimmy be out of school?
F: His father didn't say, but he did give the reason for the trip.
M: What is that?
F: Jimmy's grandmother died.
現(xiàn)在我們再聽英文老師把對(duì)話慢慢兒地念一遍.
M: Is everyone here today?
F: No, Jimmy Taylor is absent.
M: That's strange. We're choosing teams today. He asked if he could be a captain. It's really too bad that he is not here.
F: He and his father came to see me early this morning. His father asked if Jimmy could be excused today. He said that they were going on a trip.
M: How long will Jimmy be out of school?
F: His father didn't say, but he did give the reason for the trip.
M: What is that?
F: Jimmy's grandmother died.
下面我請(qǐng)英文老師把對(duì)話里的間接引句再念一遍.
M: He asked if he could be a captain.
F: His father asked if Jimmy could be excused today.
F: He said that they were going on a trip.
二.間接引句
第一組練習(xí)是由凱特或是比爾說一句話, 比方凱特說: Jimmy Taylor is absent.接著學(xué)生就用間接引句說: Kate said that Jimmy Taylor was absent. 請(qǐng)你注意在引述別人的話的時(shí)候應(yīng)該把話里的現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)動(dòng)詞改成過去時(shí)態(tài). 現(xiàn)在我們開始作練習(xí), 學(xué)生作句子的時(shí)候請(qǐng)你也一起作.
F: Jimmy Taylor is absent.
M: Kate said that Jimmy Taylor was absent.
F: Jimmy is excused from school.
M: Kate said that Jimmy was excused from school.
F: Jimmy's grandmother is dead.
M: Kate said that Jimmy's grandmother was dead.
下面學(xué)生引述比爾說的話, 還是請(qǐng)你跟著作練習(xí).
M: It is strange that Jimmy is absent.
F: Bill said that it was strange that Jimmy was absent.
M: The school is choosing teams.
F: Bill said that the school was choosing teams.
M: Jimmy wants to be a captain.
F: Bill said that Jimmy wanted to be a captain.
M: It is too bad that Jimmy is not in school.
F: Bill said that it was too bad that Jimmy was not in school.
下面一組練習(xí)是由凱特自我介紹, 說明她是小學(xué)三年級(jí)教員, 并且敘述她的日常工作, 比方她教什么課程, 她預(yù)備教材, 跟學(xué)生和學(xué)生家長開會(huì)等等. 練習(xí)的作法是凱特說一句話, 比方: "我教算術(shù)." I teach arithmetic. 聽了之后, 你就引述凱特的話說:"凱特告訴我她教算術(shù)."Kate told me that she taught arithmetic.請(qǐng)你注意在引述別人的話的時(shí)候不但要把現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)動(dòng)詞改為過去時(shí)態(tài), 并且要把話里的主詞從 "我" 改成 "她". 現(xiàn)在我們開始作練習(xí), 每作完一句, 老師會(huì)念出正確答案讓你作個(gè)比較.
F: I am an elementary school teacher.
M: Kate told me that she was an elementary school teacher.
F: I am a third grade teacher.
M: Kate told me that she was a third grade teacher.
F: I teach arithmetic.
M: Kate told me that she taught arithmetic.
F: I introduce other subjects as well.
M: Kate told me that she introduced other subjects as well.
F: All my students are eight or nine years old.
M: Kate told me that all her students were eight or nine years old.
F: I prepare for my classes.
M: Kate told me that she prepared for her classes.
F: I have conferences with my students quite often.
M: Kate told me that she had conferences with her students quite often.
F: Sometimes I talk to my students' parents.
M: Kate told me that sometimes she talked to her students' parents.
下面一組練習(xí)是要請(qǐng)你引述比爾說的話. 練習(xí)的作法跟剛才大同小異, 這次是由比爾自我介紹, 說明他能作什么, 愿意為學(xué)生作什么等等, 比方比爾告訴你說: "我能教體育." I can teach physical training. 你聽了之后就說: "比爾告訴我他能教體育. "Bill told me that he could teach physical training. 請(qǐng)你注意在引述比爾的話的時(shí)候必須把助動(dòng)詞 can 跟 will 改成 could 跟 would. 現(xiàn)在我們開始作練習(xí). 每作一句就聽老師念正確答案.
M: I can teach physical training.
F: Bill told me that he could teach physical training.
M: I will teach my students how to play tennis.
F: Bill told me that he would teach his students how to play tennis.
M: I will play volleyball with my students.
F: Bill told me that he would play volleyball with his students.
M: I will take my students swimming.
F: Bill told me that he would take his students swimming.
M: I can teach my classes outdoors.
F: Bill told me that he could teach his classes outdoors.
M: I can enjoy sunshine when I am teaching.
F: Bill told me that he could enjoy sunshine when he was teaching.
M: I will help my students.
F: Bill told me that he would help his students.
M: I can make my students healthy.
F: Bill told me that he could make his students healthy.
剛才我們引述的句子都是陳述句, 下面我們學(xué)習(xí)怎么引述問句. 比方比爾問凱特: Is Jimmy coming to school? 引述這句話的時(shí)候就應(yīng)該這么說: Bill asked Kate if Jimmy was coming to school. 請(qǐng)注意引述問句的時(shí)候必須用if, i-f, if 連接前后兩句話, 并且必須把問句改為陳述句. 現(xiàn)在我們作一組練習(xí), 學(xué)學(xué)這種說法. 練習(xí)的內(nèi)容都是關(guān)于比爾問凱特吉米來不來上課的事情. 每作完一個(gè)句子就聽老師念正確答案.
M: Is Jimmy coming to school?
F: Bill asked Kate if Jimmy was coming to school.
M: Is Jimmy absent?
F: Bill asked Kate if Jimmy was absent.
M: Is Jimmy excused from class?
F: Bill asked Kate if Jimmy was excused from class.
M: Is Jimmy taking a trip?
F: Bill asked Kate if Jimmy was taking a trip.
下面請(qǐng)你引述凱特問比爾的話,內(nèi)容都是說到吉米能夠不能夠參加校隊(duì)去比賽的事情. 請(qǐng)你還是跟剛才一樣作練習(xí).
F: Can Jimmy still be a captain?
M: Kate asked Bill if Jimmy could still be a captain.
F: Will Jimmy be chosen to be a captain?
M: Kate asked Bill if Jimmy would be chosen to be a captain.
F: Can Jimmy still play in the game?
M: Kate asked Bill if Jimmy could still play in the game.
F: Will Jimmy make it to the game?
M: Kate asked Bill if Jimmy would make it to the game.
剛才我們學(xué)習(xí)了怎么引述問句, 現(xiàn)在我們繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí). 在引述問句的時(shí)候除了用if 連接兩句話以外, 也可以用whether, w-h-e-t-h-e-r, whether 來代替. 現(xiàn)在我們作一組練習(xí),學(xué)學(xué)這種說法. 練習(xí)的作法是比爾問凱特一些有關(guān)她的工作的問題,凱特就用間接引句引述比爾提出的問題:比方比爾問凱特:"你有黑人學(xué)生嗎?"Do you have black students? 凱特就說: "比爾問我, 我有沒有黑人學(xué)生." Bill asked me whether I had black students. 比方, 比爾又問凱特: "你有其他少數(shù)民族學(xué)生嗎?" Do you have other minority students? 凱特就說: "比爾問我: 我有沒有其他少數(shù)民族學(xué)生."Bill asked me whether I had other minority students. 除了這兩個(gè)問題以外, 比爾還問凱特是不是跟學(xué)生一起吃中飯, 是不是看著學(xué)生好好的吃飯, 教不教學(xué)生養(yǎng)成良好學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣等等. 現(xiàn)在我們開始作練習(xí). 請(qǐng)你注意聽比爾問問題, 并且替凱特引述比爾的話. 每作完一個(gè)句子. 凱特會(huì)念出正確答案讓你作個(gè)比較, 看你作對(duì)了沒有.
M: Do you give your students a lot of homework?
F: Bill asked me whether I gave my students a lot of homework.
M: Do you meet with your students' parents?
F: Bill asked me whether I met with my students' parents.
M: Do you eat lunch with your students?
F: Bill asked me whether I ate lunch with my students.
M: Do you make sure that your students eat well?
F: Bill asked me whether I made sure that my students ate well.
M: Do you make sure that your students drink milk?
F: Bill asked me whether I made sure that my students drank milk.
M: Do you teach reading,writing and arithmetic?
F: Bill asked me whether I taught reading, writing and arithmetic.
M: Do you have black students?
F: Bill asked me whether I had black students.
M: Do you have other minority students?
F: Bill asked me whether I had other minority students.
M: Do you teach your students to have good study habits?
F: Bill asked me whether I taught my students to have good study habits.
三.聽短文回答問題
現(xiàn)在我們來作今天這一課的聽力測驗(yàn). 今天我們要聽的文章是介紹凱特的工作. 文章里提到她每天幾點(diǎn)上下班, 在學(xué)校里作些什么事情. 文章里許多詞匯都是我們已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)過的. 現(xiàn)在請(qǐng)你注意聽老師念這篇文章, 等一會(huì)兒我們要問你幾個(gè)問題.
Kate is an elementary school teacher. She has a third grade class this year, with children who are eight or nine years old. She has white students, black students and students of other minorities. She teaches reading, writing and arithmetic. Other teachers teach music and physical training. Kate uses reading to introduce history and other subjects to her students. She gives them a lot of work, but she tries to teach them good study habits. She also makes her lessons interesting. Kate usually gets to school at 7:30 in the morning, an hour before classes begin. She uses the extra time to prepare for her classes. Sometimes students and their parents come to school early for conferences with Kate. This is one of the few occasions when Kate can meet with her students' parents, because most of them work when their children are in school. At lunch time Kate usually eats with her students. She wants to make sure that they eat well and drink their milk. After class, Kate corrects the students' homework and prepares for the next day. She usually doesn't get away from the school until nearly 4:30 in the afternoon. She has a long day.
等一會(huì)兒我們再請(qǐng)英文老師用慢速度把整篇文章念一遍. 現(xiàn)在我們先來聽今天測驗(yàn)的三個(gè)問題.
第一個(gè)問題是:
M: What are some of the subjects taught in elementary school?
第二個(gè)問題是:
M: What does Kate do in school?
第三個(gè)問題是:
M: What hours does Kate work?
現(xiàn)在英文老師用慢速度把文章再念一遍給你聽.
Kate is an elementary school teacher. She has a third grade class this year, with children who are eight or nine years old. She has white students, black students and students of other minorities. She teaches reading, writing and arithmetic. Other teachers teach music and physical training. Kate uses reading to introduce history and other subjects to her students. She gives them a lot of work, but she tries to teach them good study habits. She also makes her lessons interesting. Kate usually gets to school at 7:30 in the morning, an hour before classes begin. She uses the extra time to prepare for her classes. Sometimes students and their parents come to school early for conferences with Kate. This is one of the few occasions when Kate can meet with her students' parents, because most of them work when their children are in school. At lunch time Kate usually eats with her students. She wants to make sure that they eat well and drink their milk. After class, Kate corrects the students' homework and prepares for the next day. She usually doesn't get away from the school until nearly 4:30 in the afternoon. She has a long day.
剛才那篇文章希望你都聽懂了. 現(xiàn)在請(qǐng)你回答剛才老師念過的三個(gè)問題, 你回答之后老師會(huì)念出正確答案讓你作個(gè)比較.
第一個(gè)問題是:
M: What are some of the subjects taught in elementary school?
F: Reading, writing, arithmetic, history, music and physical training are taught in elementary school.
第二個(gè)問題是:
M: What does Kate do in school?
F: She prepares for her classes, teaches, has conferences with students, eats lunch with students and corrects students' homework.
第三個(gè)問題是:
M: What hours does Kate work?
F: She works from 7:30 in the morning to 4:30 in the afternoon.
