中級美國英語現(xiàn)在完成進行時態(tài)
一.本課要點及示例
在這一課里,我們學習現(xiàn)在完成進行時態(tài), 比方 "一直在玩" have been playing."一直在學習" have been studying 等等.現(xiàn)在我們先來聽今天這一課的對話,內(nèi)容是說彼得和瑪麗談起電腦的事情. 請你注意聽兩位英文老師的發(fā)音和語調(diào).
F: Peter, where have you been?
M: I've been playing Pac Man at the Arcade in the student union.
F: Have you been wasting your time on those computer games again?
M: Not really, Mary. I've been studying a lot this week and I need a break.
F: Why don't you buy a computer and some of those games? Then you can play at home.
M: I have been looking at home computers.There are a lot of different kinds on market now.
F: I know, and they have been getting cheaper.
M: How do you know that?
F: I've been thinking of buying a home computer too.
現(xiàn)在英文老師再把對話用慢速度念一遍, 請你注意聽.
F: Peter, where have you been?
M: I've been playing Pac Man at the Arcade in the student union.
F: Have you been wasting your time on those computer games again?
M: Not really, Mary. I've been studying a lot this week and I need a break.
F: Why don't you buy a computer and some of those games? Then you can play at home.
M: I have been looking at home computers.There are a lot of different kinds on market now.
F: I know, and they have been getting cheaper.
M: How do you know that?
F: I've been thinking of buying a home computer too.
下面我請英文老師把對話里的現(xiàn)在完成進行時態(tài)句子再念一遍.
M: I've been playing Pac Man at the Arcade in the student union.
F: Have you been wasting your time on those computer games again?
M: I've been studying a lot this week.
M: I have been looking at home computers.
F: They have been getting cheaper.
F: I've been thinking of buying a home computer too.
二.現(xiàn)在完成進行式
聽了上面的句子, 我想你或許已經(jīng)注意到現(xiàn)在完成進行時態(tài)是用 has been 或是 have been 和加了 i-n-g 的動詞構(gòu)成的. 這種時態(tài)是用來表示一個動作從過去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在.現(xiàn)在我請英文老師念一些跟剛才那段對話有關(guān)系的現(xiàn)在完成進行時態(tài)句子,每個句子各念兩遍, 請你聽一遍, 跟著老師重復一遍.
M: Peter has been taking computer courses this semester.
F: Peter has been taking computer courses this semester.
M: Peter has been playing computer games this afternoon.
F: Peter has been playing computer games this afternoon.
M: Mary has been thinking of buying a home computer recently.
F: Mary has been thinking of buying a home computer recently.
M: Mary has been looking at home computers lately.
F: Mary has been looking at home computers lately.
下面一組練習是由老師把剛才那些句子改成問句, 比方老師說: "彼得一直在學什么?" What has Peter been studying? 接著老師說 "電腦程式" computer programming,學生就回答說: Peter has been studying computer programming. 現(xiàn)在我們開始作練習, 學生回答問題的時候請你也一起回答.
M: What has Peter been taking?
M: computer courses
F: Peter has been taking computer courses.
M: What has Peter been studying?
M: computer programming
F: Peter has been studying computer programming.
M: What has Peter been playing?
M: computer games
F: Peter has been playing computer games.
M: What has Mary been thinking of?
M: buying a home computer
F: Mary has been thinking of buying a home computer.
M: What has Mary been looking at?
M: home computers
F: Mary has been looking at home computers.
下面一組練習的內(nèi)容是說現(xiàn)代電腦進步的情況, 比方:現(xiàn)在電腦比以前便宜,比以前有效率, 也比以前受歡迎等等. 練習的作法是由男老師用have become 加上形容詞比較級作句子, 比方: "電腦比以前實用了." Computers have become more practical, 請你用 have been getting 加上形容詞比較級把句子改成 "電腦越來越實用." Computers have been getting more practical. 現(xiàn)在我們開始作練習, 請你每作完一句就聽老師念正確答案.
M: Computers have become smaller.
F: Computers have been getting smaller.
M: Computers have become better.
F: Computers have been getting better.
M: Computers have become easier to use.
F: Computers have been getting easier to use.
M: Computers have become cheaper.
F: Computers have been getting cheaper.
M: Computers have become more economical.
F: Computers have been getting more economical.
M: Computers have become more useful.
F: Computers have been getting more useful.
M: Computers have become more practical.
F: Computers have been getting more practical.
M: Computers have become more efficient.
F: Computers have been getting more efficient.
M: Computers have become more convenient.
F: Computers have been getting more convenient.
M: Computers have become more popular.
F: Computers have been getting more popular.
剛才那組練習里有些形容詞你可能不太熟, 比方 "經(jīng)濟實惠" economical, "有效率" efficient 等等. 現(xiàn)在我們作一組代換練習, 一方面復習現(xiàn)在完成進行時態(tài),一方面復習這些形容詞. 請你在學生作代換練習的時候也一起作.
M: Computers have been getting smaller.
M: better
F: Computers have been getting better.
M: more useful
F: Computers have been getting more useful.
M: more practical
F: Computers have been getting more practical.
M: more economical
F: Computers have been getting more economical.
M: more efficient
F: Computers have been getting more efficient.
M: more convenient
F: Computers have been getting more convenient.
M: more popular
F: Computers have been getting more popular.
下面一組練習的內(nèi)容是說電腦的發(fā)展情況. 練習的作法是老師念一個被動語態(tài)的現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)句子,比方 "更好的電腦已經(jīng)設(shè)計出來了." Better computers have been designed. 接著老師念出名詞, 也就是動作執(zhí)行者, 比方 "技師" technicians, 請你用老師給你的名詞把原來的句子改為現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)的主動語態(tài)句子, 所以剛才那例子的答案就是: "技師一直在設(shè)計更好的電腦. "Technicians have been designing better computers. 這組練習比較難, 所以你要特別注意. 每作完一句老師會念出正確答案,讓你作個比較, 看你作對了沒有.
M: Small computers have been made.
M: technicians
F: Technicians have been making small computers.
M: Better computers have been designed.
M: technicians
F: Technicians have been designing better computers.
M: Computer science courses have been studied.
M: many students
F: Many students have been studying computer science courses.
M: Computer science courses have been taken.
M: many students
F: Many students have been taking computer science courses.
M: Home computers have been bought.
M: a lot of people
F: A lot of people have been buying home computers.
M: computers have been used at home.
M: a lot of people
F: A lot of people have been using computers at home.
下面一組練習的作法是老師念一個現(xiàn)在完成進行時態(tài)句子, 比方: "人們一直用電腦來計算復雜的問題. " People have been using computers to compute complex problems.接著老師念出一個詞組, 比方: "存放資料" store information,請你把老師提出的詞組代換到原來的句子里,所以答案就是 People have been using computers to store information. 在這一組練習里你可以學到電腦的許多用途, 比方: "記錄生意狀況" record business, "與別人溝通" communicate with others, "寄帳單給客戶" send bills to customers, "記下存貨數(shù)量" keep records of inventories, "記錄開支數(shù)目" keep track of expenses, "開關(guān)電動器具" turn appliances on and off 等等. 這些詞匯你可能不太熟, 請你作練習的時候特別注意聽, 每作完一句就聽老師再把正確答案念一遍.
M: People have been using computers to compute complex problems.
M: store information
F: People have been using computers to store information.
M: record business
F: People have been using computers to record business.
M: communicate with others
F: People have been using computers to communicate with others.
M: send bills to customers
F: People have been using computers to send bills to customers
M: keep records of inventories
F: People have been using computers to keep records of inventories.
M: keep track of expenses
F: People have been using computers to keep track of expenses.
M: turn their appliances on and off
F: People have been using computers to turn their appliances on and off.
下面一組練習是由老師念一個現(xiàn)在時態(tài)問句, 比方: Do people use computers for entertainment? 學生就用現(xiàn)在完成進行時態(tài)把句子改成 Have people been using computers for entertainment? 這組練習的內(nèi)容還是說到電腦的用途.作這組練習一方面可以練習不同時態(tài), 一方面也可以復習剛才學過的詞匯.請你在學生作練習的時候也一起作.
M: Do people use computers for entertainment?
F: Have people been using computers for entertainment?
M: Do people use computers for communication?
F: Have people been using computers for communication?
M: Do people use computers for inventories?
F: Have people been using computers for inventories?
M: Do people use computers for record-keeping?
F: Have people been using computers for record-keeping?
M: Do people use computers to store information?
F: Have people been using computers to store information?
M: Do people use computers to compute complex problems?
F: Have people been using computers to compute complex problems?
M: Do people use computers to send bills to customers?
F: Have people been using computers to send bills to customers?
M: Do people use computers to keep track of expenses?
F: Have people been using computers to keep track of expenses?
M: Do people use computers to turn their appliances on and off?
F: Have people been using computers to turn their appliances on and off?
三.聽短文回答問題
今天我們要聽一篇關(guān)于電腦工業(yè)發(fā)展迅速的文章.這篇文章里有不少現(xiàn)在完成進行時態(tài)句子, 也有許多我們剛才練習過的詞匯.請你注意聽, 等一會兒老師要根據(jù)文章問你幾個問題.
The home computers industry has been growing rapidly in the United States for the last ten years. Computers used to be large, expensive machines that were very difficult to use. But scientists and technicians have been making them smaller and cheaper while at the same time they have been made easier to use. As a result, their popularity has been increasing as more people have been buying computers for their homes and businesses. Computers have been designed to store information and compute complex problems. Some have voices that speak with the operators. Stores use computers to keep records of their inventories and to send bills to their customers. Offices use computers to type letters, record business and communicate with other offices. People have been using computers in their homes to keep track of expenses and turn appliances on and off. One important new use for computers is for entertainment. Many new games have been designed to be played on the computers. People of all ages have been playing these games. They have been going to Arcades where the computer games can be played for a small cost. People also have been buying home computers to play computer games at home. They have become very popular indeed.
剛才那篇文章你都聽懂了嗎? 如果沒有, 不要著急, 等一會兒你還有機會聽. 現(xiàn)在老師先把今天測驗的問題念一遍給你聽.
第一個問題是:
M: Why have computers been getting more popular?
第二個問題是:
M: How can computers be used?
第三個問題是:
M: Who has been playing computer games?
現(xiàn)在老師再用慢速度把整篇文章念一遍.
The home computers industry has been growing rapidly in the United States for the last ten years. Computers used to be large, expensive machines that were very difficult to use. But scientists and technicians have been making them smaller and cheaper while at the same time they have been made easier to use. As a result, their popularity has been increasing as more people have been buying computers for their homes and businesses. Computers have been designed to store information and compute complex problems. Some have voices that speak with the operators. Stores use computers to keep records of their inventories and to send bills to their customers. Offices use computers to type letters, record business and communicate with other offices. People have been using computers in their homes to keep track of expenses and turn appliances on and off. One important new use for computers is for entertainment. Many new games have been designed to be played on the computers. People of all ages have been playing these games. They have been going to Arcades where the computer games can be played for a small cost. People also have been buying home computers to play computer games at home. They have become very popular indeed.
現(xiàn)在請你回答下面三個問題. 每回答一個問題就請你聽老師念正確答案.
第一個問題是:
M: Why have computers been getting more popular?
F: It is because they are smaller, cheaper and easier to use.
第二個問題是:
M: How can computers be used?
F: They can be used to do any of the ten things mentioned in the reading.
第三個問題是:
M: Who has been playing computer games?
F: People of all ages have been playing computer games.
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