中級美國英語直接賓語和間接賓語
一.本課要點及示例
在這一課里, 我們先復習現(xiàn)在完成式, 然后練習直接賓語和間接賓語. 首先我們還是聽一段對話, 內(nèi)容是說亨利跟凱特談到供大女兒珍妮上大學的事情. 請你注意聽兩位英文老師的發(fā)音和語調(diào).
F: Henry, we owe the university 400 dollars for Jenny's tuition.
M: We have paid them, haven't we?
F: We paid them for the last semester. They sent us a bill for the new semester.
M: Luckily there are only two semesters a year.
F: Well, there's the summer session.
M: Does Jenny plan to go to summer school?
F: No, she wants to work and save some money in the summer.
M: That's good. Maybe she can help and pay the university some of her tuition next year.
現(xiàn)在我們再把整段對話聽一遍, 請你注意聽.
F: Henry, we owe the university 400 dollars for Jenny's tuition.
M: We have paid them, haven't we?
F: We paid them for the last semester. They sent us a bill for the new semester.
M: Luckily there are only two semesters a year.
F: Well, there's the summer session.
M: Does Jenny plan to go to summer school?
F: No, she wants to work and save some money in the summer.
M: That's good. Maybe she can help and pay the university some of her tuition next year.
剛才那段對話里有些句子包含了直接和間接賓語, 現(xiàn)在我們再把這些句子聽一遍.
F: We owe the university 400 dollars for Jenny's tuition.
F: They sent us a bill for the new semester.
M: Maybe she can help and pay the university some of her tuition next year.
二.現(xiàn)在完成式和過去式
聽完了對話現(xiàn)在我們來作練習. 首先我們來復習現(xiàn)在完成式. 以前我們學過現(xiàn)在完成式是用來表示到目前已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情而過去式表示在過去一個特定的 時間所發(fā)生的事情. 下面我請英文老師念一些句子比較這兩種時態(tài). 男老師念 現(xiàn)在完成式句子, 女老師念過去式句子, 請你注意聽.
M: Henry and Kate have paid the tuition.
F: They paid it last month.
M: Henry has written a letter.
F: Henry wrote it last night.
M: Kate has taken the car to the garage.
F: She took it last week.
下面我們來練習這兩種時態(tài). 首先老師提出現(xiàn)在完成式問句, 然后老師給你念一個時間詞組, 請你用過去式跟這個時間詞組作肯定的答覆. 下面就是一個例子:
M: Have Henry and Kate paid the telephone bill?
M: last week
F: They paid it last week.
現(xiàn)在我們開始作練習. 練習里的句子都跟一般家務事有關(guān)系, 比方 "付電話費" pay the telephone bill, "貸款" get a loan, "報稅" do the income tax, "洗衣服"do the laundry 等等. 每作完一句就請你聽老師念正確答案.
M: Have Henry and Kate paid the telephone bill?
M: last week
F: Yes, they paid it last week.
M: Has Henry gotten a loan?
M: this spring
F: Yes, he got it this spring.
M: Has Henry done his income tax?
M: this April
F: Yes, he did it this April.
M: Has Kate taken the car to the garage?
M: several days ago
F: Yes, she took it several days ago.
M: Has Kate bought the groceries?
M: a few hours ago
F: Yes, she bought them a few hours ago.
M: Has Kate done the laundry?
M: the day before yesterday
F: Yes, she did it the day before yesterday.
三.直接賓語和間接賓語
剛才那個練習你都作對了嗎?現(xiàn)在我們來學直接賓語和間接賓語的用法. 在英文里有些及物動詞, 比方 "教" teach, "給" give, "寫" write 等等, 可以有兩個賓語. 比方有一句話: "凱特教琳達英文." Kate teaches Linda English. 在這句話里"琳達" 是間接賓語, "英文" 是直接賓語. 另外有一句話: "昨天亨利給珍妮寫了 一封信." Henry wrote Jenny a letter yesterday.在這句話里 "珍妮" 是間接賓語,"一封信" 是直接賓語.
下面我請兩位英文老師念一些包含了這兩種賓語的現(xiàn)在完成式句子, 內(nèi)容是說亨利和凱特分別為兒女作些了什么事情. 在這些句子里指東西的都是直接賓語, 指人的都是間接賓語. 每個句子我們念兩遍, 請你聽一遍, 跟著老師重復一遍.
M: Henry has written Jenny a letter.
F: Henry has written Jenny a letter.
M: Kate has sent Jenny a package.
F: Kate has sent Jenny a package.
M: Henry has given Peter some money.
F: Henry has given Peter some money.
M: Kate has shown Peter a book.
F: Kate has shown Peter a book.
M: Henry has bought Linda a swimming suit.
F: Henry has bought Linda a swimming suit.
M: Kate has taught Linda an English lesson.
F: Kate has taught Linda an English lesson.
剛才我們用直接賓語和間接賓語練習了一些句子, 內(nèi)容說到亨利和凱特為他 們的兒女作了些什么事情. 現(xiàn)在我們繼續(xù)練習, 可是方式不同. 這次由老師用 " 什么" what 提出包含了間接賓語的現(xiàn)在完成式疑問句, 比方: What have Henry and Kate paid the university?接著老師念出一個直接賓語, 比方: Jenny's tuition, 學生就用間接和直接賓語回答問題, 所以答案就是: They have paid the university Jenny's tuition. 好, 現(xiàn)在請你注意聽老師問問題; 這些問題都是說到珍妮因為上大學搬到學校附近, 亨利和凱特擔心女兒第一次在外邊住可能覺得孤單, 所以給她買了無線電, 又怕沒人給她縫衣服, 所以給她買了縫紉機,凱特又把汽車借給她, 亨利拿出地圖來, 告訴她應該走哪條路等等.
M: What have Henry and Kate paid the university?
M: Jenny's tuition
F: They have paid the university Jenny's tuition.
M: What have they bought Jenny?
M: a radio
F: They have bought Jenny a radio.
M: What have they gotten Jenny?
M: a sewing machine
F: They have gotten Jenny a sewing machine.
M: What has Kate taught Jenny?
M: sewing
F: She has taught Jenny sewing.
M: What has Kate lent Jenny?
M: her car
F: She has lent Jenny her car.
M: What has Henry shown Jenny?
M: a map
F: He has shown Jenny a map.
M: What has Henry given Jenny?
M: some advice
F: He has given Jenny some advice.
剛才那個練習你都會作嗎? 下面我們來學習另外一種用直接和間接賓語的方法. 首先請你聽一個句子: Henry has written a letter to Jenny. 這句話跟我們剛才練習的說法, 也就是: Henry has written Jenny a letter. 意思一樣, 只不過把 間接賓語和直接賓語的順序?qū)φ{(diào), 而且在間接賓語的前頭加上介詞 to, t-o, to.現(xiàn)在我們要作的練習就是把這兩種說法作個比較. 請你注意聽老師念我們剛才練習過的那種陳述句, 然后請你用上介詞 to 把意思用另外一種說法表達出來. 首先舉個例子.
M: Kate has taught Jenny sewing.
F: She has taught sewing to Jenny.
現(xiàn)在我們開始練習, 每作完一句就請你聽正確答案.
M: Kate has taught Jenny sewing.
F: She has taught sewing to Jenny.
M: Kate has lent Jenny her car.
F: She has lent her car to Jenny.
M: Kate has mailed Jenny a package.
F: She has mailed a package to Jenny.
M: Henry has shown Jenny a map.
F: He has shown a map to Jenny.
M: Henry has given Jenny some advice.
F: He has given some advice to Jenny.
M: Henry has written Jenny a letter.
F: He has written a letter to Jenny.
在剛才那個練習里我們學習了直接賓語加上 to 再加上間接賓語的說法. 可是有些及物動詞不應該跟 to 一起用, 而必須用另外一個介詞 for, f-o-r, for. 最普通的兩個例子就是 buy, b-u-y, buy 跟 get, g-e-t, get. 現(xiàn)在老師用這兩個動詞作幾個句子說明亨利跟凱特買了些什么東西給珍妮.請你跟剛才一樣作練習, 不過要記得改用介詞 for. 現(xiàn)在我們開始.
M: Henry and Kate Have bought Jenny a radio.
F: They have bought a radio for Jenny.
M: They have bought Jenny a dictionary.
F: They have bought a dictionary for Jenny.
M: They have gotten Jenny a sewing machine.
F: They have gotten a sewing machine for Jenny.
M: They have gotten Jenny a desk.
F: They have gotten a desk for Jenny.
用上介詞的說法你都會了嗎? 這種說法很常用,尤其是直接賓語是代名詞的時候就非用這種說法不可, 比方: Henry has given it to Peter. 在下面一組練習里, 老師提出一些問句, 內(nèi)容都是說到亨利和凱特為孩子們作的事情, 然后學生把句子里的主語跟直接賓語改為代名詞, 再用上適當?shù)慕樵~作肯定的答覆. 在學生作練習的時候請你也一起作.
M: Has Henry given Peter some money?
F: Yes, he has given it to Peter.
M: Has Kate shown Peter a new book?
F: Yes, she has shown it to Peter.
M: Has Henry bought Linda a swimming suit?
F: Yes, he has bought it for Linda.
M: Has Kate taught Linda an English lesson?
F: Yes, she has taught it to Linda.
M: Have Henry and Kate gotten Jenny a sewing machine?
F: Yes, they have gotten it for Jenny.
M: Have Henry and Kate mailed Jenny a package?
F: Yes, they have mailed it to Jenny.
四.聽短文回答問題
今天我們要聽的文章內(nèi)容是說美國家庭怎么樣應付孩子們的大學教育費,住宿費等等問題, 比方孩子小的時候他們就開始存錢, 孩子大了以后可以自己找份工作掙學費, 或是先向政府借貸等等. 現(xiàn)在請你注意聽.
Nearly all American students in colleges and universities pay for their educations. There are many costs. First of all, there is tuition. At some schools, the tuition is very high, ten thousand dollars a year or more. At other schools, it may only be a few hundred dollars a year. At some community colleges, tuition is free. There are other costs as well. Many students leave their homes to go to schools in other cities. They may live in dormitories or apartments, and they must pay for it. Finally, students must buy textbooks for their courses. Going to college or university can be a big expense. Some families start saving money for their children's education when the children are small. Many students work to save money for tuition. They can also get loans from the government. They pay the money back to the government when they finish their education.
現(xiàn)在我們先來聽今天測驗的三個問題, 然后我會再請老師把整段文章念一遍.
第一個問題是:
M: What do American students pay for?
第二個問題是:
M: Is the tuition the same at all American colleges and universities?
第三個問題是:
M: How do Americans pay for college education?
現(xiàn)在我們再來聽英文老師用慢速度把整段文章念一遍.
Nearly all American students in colleges and universities pay for their educations. There are many costs. First of all, there is tuition. At some schools, the tuition is very high, ten thousand dollars a year or more. At other schools, it may only be a few hundred dollars a year. At some community colleges, tuition is free. There are other costs as well. Many students leave their homes to go to schools in other cities. They may live in dormitories or apartments, and they must pay for it. Finally, students must buy textbooks for their courses. Going to college or university can be a big expense. Some families start saving money for their children's education when the children are small. Many students work to save money for tuition. They can also get loans from the government. They pay the money back to the government when they finish their education.
現(xiàn)在請你回答今天測驗的三個問題. 回答之后請你聽老師念正確答案.
第一個問題是:
M: What do American students pay for?
F: They pay tuition and they buy textbooks for their courses. When they live
in dormitories or apartments they must pay for it as well.
第二個問題是:
M: Is the tuition the same at all American colleges and universities?
F: No, it is not the same. It may be ten thousand dollars a year or only a few
hundred dollars a year. At some schools tuition is free.
第三個問題是:
M: How do Americans pay for college education?
F: American families save money for their children's education. Many students work to save money. They can also get loans from the government.
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