電腦英語Computer Virus 計(jì)算機(jī)病毒

[ti:] [ar:] [al:] [by:] [00:10.00]聽力課堂網(wǎng)(tingclass.net)Chapter 7 [00:10.91]第七章 [00:11.83]Computer Virus [00:13.17]計(jì)算機(jī)病毒 [00:14.52]Dialogue 1 [00:15.56]句型1 [00:16.61]A: Do you have virus protection software on your PC? [00:19.51]你的電腦有防毒軟件嗎？ [00:22.41]B:No, I'm always installing new software, and getting rid of old programs. [00:25.93]沒有，我一向裝用新軟件，舊的程序則刪除。 [00:29.46]Virus protection software usually makes that more of a hassle. [00:32.58]防毒軟件往往只會(huì)增加麻妨。 [00:35.70]A:But what will you do if you get a virus? [00:38.41]不過萬一染上病毒怎么辦？ [00:41.11]B: I guess I'll just reformat my hard drive and start over. [00:44.14]我想我會(huì)把硬盤再格式化一次，然后重新開始。 [00:47.17]Dialogue 2 [00:48.41]句型2 [00:49.65]A: Computer prices are really coming down. [00:51.22]電腦價(jià)格一直在下降。 [00:52.79]B: Not for me they're not. [00:54.00]對(duì)我才不是呢。 [00:55.22]A:What do you mean? [00:56.39]怎么回事？ [00:57.57]B:I mean my wife has discovered how to shop on the web! [01:00.13]我是說我太太發(fā)現(xiàn)了如何上網(wǎng)“購物”啦！ [01:02.69]Dialogue 3 [01:03.86]句型3 [01:05.04]This is a mouse, With the mouse we can move the cursor very quickly. [01:07.84]這是鼠標(biāo)，用它可以快速移動(dòng)光標(biāo)。 [01:10.63]Look at the screen, See the little line that blinks? [01:12.93]你看屏幕，看見那個(gè)閃爍的小線沒有？ [01:15.23]That's the cursor. [01:16.17]那就是光標(biāo)。 [01:17.11]You can begin to type there. [01:18.88]你可以從那兒開始打字。 [01:20.66]B: But I don't want to type there. [01:22.01]可是我不要在那兒打。 [01:23.35]A: Then move the cursor. [01:24.59]那就移動(dòng)光標(biāo)。 [01:25.83]Watch, I'll hold the mouse in my hand. [01:28.00]注意看，我手握鼠標(biāo)。 [01:30.17]Now I'll move it across the table. [01:31.91]然后在桌面上移動(dòng)。 [01:33.64]See the cursor move? [01:34.69]看見光標(biāo)動(dòng)了吧？ [01:35.73]Dialogue 4 [01:36.88]句型4 [01:38.03]A: I tried to copy a letter to another disk. [01:40.07]我試著把一封信拷貝到另一個(gè)磁盤。 [01:42.11]But I pressed the wrong key. [01:43.65]但是按錯(cuò)了鍵。 [01:45.19]I erased my most important letter. [01:47.19]把最要緊的信給刪除了。 [01:49.19]B: That's all right. [01:50.00]不要緊。 [01:50.81]We always have a backup copy. [01:52.18]我們一向有備份。 [01:53.55]A:I don't know .I deleted the backup. too. [01:55.89]我不知道行不行。我把備份也刪除了。 [01:58.23]B: Well, we still have a hard copy. [01:59.79]哦，我們還有輸出的副本。 [02:01.36]It's in the file cabinet. [02:02.54]它就在檔案柜里。 [02:03.71]Passsage Computer Virus [02:05.94]計(jì)算機(jī)病毒 [02:08.18]Professional Terms [02:09.68]專業(yè)術(shù)語 [02:11.18]employee n. [02:13.09]雇員 [02:15.00]essential a. [02:17.20]本質(zhì)的 [02:19.41]favorite a. [02:21.28]特別喜愛的 [02:23.15]hire vt. [02:24.99]雇傭 [02:26.83]integrity n. [02:28.87]完整（性） [02:30.90]intentionally ad. [02:32.97]有意地 [02:35.03]intervention n. [02:36.70]干預(yù) [02:38.38]motive n. [02:39.94]動(dòng)機(jī) [02:41.51]pervasiveness n. [02:43.72]彌漫，蔓延 [02:45.92]replicate vt. [02:47.86]重復(fù) [02:49.79]subsequently ad. [02:51.96]以下 [02:54.13]subtly ad. [02:56.00]微妙的 [02:57.86]unaffected ad. [03:00.29]未受影響的 [03:02.72]uninfected a. [03:05.09]未受傳染的 [03:07.45]virus a. [03:09.36]病毒 [03:11.26]whatever n. [03:13.11]不管怎樣的，任何的 [03:14.95]What is a computer virus? [03:16.95]何謂計(jì)算機(jī)病毒？ [03:18.94]A computer virus is one kind of threat to the security and integrity of computer systems. [03:23.20]計(jì)算機(jī)病毒是危極計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)安全與完整的一種威脅。 [03:27.46]Like other threats ,a computer virus can cause the loss or alteration of programs or data. [03:31.68]象其它威脅一樣的是，計(jì)算機(jī)病毒可以引起程序或數(shù)據(jù)的丟失或改變。 [03:35.90]Unlike many other threats,a computer virus can be spread from program to program and from system to system without direct human intervention. [03:43.79]與很多其它威脅不同的是，計(jì)算機(jī)病毒可以在沒有人的直接干預(yù)下，從一個(gè)程序傳播到另一個(gè)程序，從一個(gè)系統(tǒng)傳播到另一個(gè)系統(tǒng)。 [03:51.68]notes [03:52.48]注意事項(xiàng) [03:53.29]He was covered with snow from head to foot. [03:55.96]他身上從頭到腳都是雪。 [03:58.62]He stuck to his post from beginning to end. [04:01.09]他自始至終一直堅(jiān)守崗位。 [04:03.56]The essential component of a virus is a set of instructions which [04:06.59]計(jì)算機(jī)病毒的基本組成部分是這樣一組指令， [04:09.62]when executed ,spreads itself to other ,previously unaffected, programs or files. [04:14.10]當(dāng)這組指令被執(zhí)行時(shí)，它就會(huì)被傳播到本來沒受過影響的程序或文件上。 [04:18.58]First , it copies itself into previously uninfected programs or files. [04:22.50]第一種作用是要把它自身拷貝到以前未受感染的程序或文件上。 [04:26.42]Second (perhaps after a specific number of executions, or on a specific date) it executes whatever other instructions the virus author included in it. [04:34.37]第二種作用是（也許是在某特定的執(zhí)行次數(shù)以后，或者在某個(gè)特定日期）執(zhí)行病毒作者所隱含在其中的別的什么指令。 [04:42.33]Depending on the motives of the virus author, these instructions can do anything at all. [04:46.58]根據(jù)病毒作者的動(dòng)機(jī)，這些指令完全能做出任何事情。 [04:50.84]including displaying a message ,erasing files or subtly altering stored data. [04:55.56]包括：顯示某種信息，抹去某些文件或微妙地改變存儲(chǔ)的數(shù)據(jù)。 [05:00.27]In some cases ,a virus may contain no intentionally harmful or disruptive instructions at all. [05:05.29]在某些情況下，某種病毒可能一點(diǎn)沒有包含什么故意有害的或破壞性的指令。 [05:10.30]Instead , it may cause damage by replicating itself and taking up scarce resources, such as disk space, CPU time ,or network connections. [05:18.62]而是通過自身的重復(fù)和占去某些值得的資源（如磁盤空間、CPU時(shí)間或網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接等）來造成破壞。 [05:26.94]Let us now examine a particular sequence of events by which virus could enter an organization and spread within it . [05:31.99]現(xiàn)在讓我們來觀察一個(gè)特殊系列事件，通過這些事件，病毒進(jìn)入一個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)并廣為傳播。 [05:37.03]Suppose that the organization hires an outside person to come in and perform some work. [05:41.01]假設(shè)這個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)在外面雇傭了一個(gè)外來人員來完成這項(xiàng)工作。 [05:44.99]Part of that person's work involves working on one of the organization's personal computers. [05:48.76]這項(xiàng)工作的一部分要在該機(jī)構(gòu)的一臺(tái)個(gè)人計(jì)算機(jī)上操作。 [05:52.52]The person brings in a few programs to aid in this work, such as a favorite text editor. [05:56.84]此人為了有助于工作的進(jìn)行，帶來了一些程序，如一個(gè)適用的文本編輯程序。 [06:01.16]Without the person having realized it ,the text editor may be infected with a virus. [06:05.88]在無人意識(shí)到的情況下，這個(gè)文本編輯程序可能會(huì)染上了一種病毒。 [06:10.59]Notes [06:11.21]注意事項(xiàng) [06:11.82]Using that editor on one of the organization's machines causes the virus to spread from the editor to one of the progarams stored on the organization's machine,perhaps to a spreadsheet program. [06:21.03]因此在機(jī)構(gòu)中的任一臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)上對(duì)編輯程序的使用，都會(huì)導(dǎo)致病毒從編輯程序傳播到該機(jī)構(gòu)計(jì)算機(jī)內(nèi)所存儲(chǔ)的某個(gè)程序上，也許是傳播到了一個(gè)電子表格程序上。 [06:30.24]When an employee uses that spreadsheet subsequently, the virus can be spread to another progarm. [06:35.12]后來，當(dāng)某個(gè)雇員使用這個(gè)電子表格程序時(shí)，病毒就又可能傳播到另一個(gè)程序上。 [06:40.01]perhaps to a directory listing progam that the employee keeps on the same floppy disk as the spreadsheet data files. [06:45.95]也許是傳播到了另一個(gè)由該雇員保存的與電子表格程序存儲(chǔ)在同一個(gè)軟盤上的目錄列表程序上。 [06:51.89]The listing program is then infected. [06:54.13]于是這個(gè)列表程序也就染上了病毒， [06:56.36]and the infection can be spread to other computers to which this floppy disk is taken. [06:59.76]而且這種感染又可以傳播到使用過這張軟盤的其它一些計(jì)算機(jī)上。 [07:03.15]If the employee's computer is connected to the organization's network. [07:06.25]如果雇員的個(gè)人計(jì)算機(jī)與該機(jī)構(gòu)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)相連， [07:09.34]the employee may send the listing program to another user over the network. [07:13.43]那么，雇員就可以把這個(gè)列表程序傳送給網(wǎng)絡(luò)上的另一位用戶。 [07:17.52]In either case, the virus can spread to more users, and more machines, via floppy disks or networks. [07:23.62]不管是哪一種情況，通過軟盤或網(wǎng)絡(luò)，病毒就會(huì)傳播給更多的用戶和更多的計(jì)算機(jī)上。 [07:29.72]Each copy of the virus can make multiple copies of itself and can infect any program to which it has access. [07:35.04]病毒的每一次復(fù)制，就會(huì)導(dǎo)致病毒本身的多次復(fù)制，并且使它曾訪問過的任一程序受到感染。 [07:40.35]As a result , the virus may be able to spread throughout the organization in a relatively short time. [07:44.74]結(jié)果，在一個(gè)相當(dāng)短的時(shí)間內(nèi)，病毒就能在該機(jī)構(gòu)之內(nèi)到處肆虐。 [07:49.13]Each of the infected programs in each of the infected machines can execute whatever other instructions the virus author intended. [07:55.33]在每臺(tái)受到感染計(jì)算機(jī)內(nèi)的每個(gè)受到感染的程序，就可能執(zhí)行病毒作者原想要執(zhí)行的任何指令。 [08:01.54]If these instructions are harmful or disruptive ,the pervasivences of the virus may cause widespread harm [08:06.92]如果這些指令是有害的，有破壞性的，那么病毒的蔓延就可能引起廣泛的破壞。 [08:12.30]Traditional security measures have attempted to limit the number of security incidents to an acceptable level. [08:17.25]傳統(tǒng)的安全措施，曾試圖限制安全性事件發(fā)生的數(shù)目到一個(gè)可接受的水平。 [08:22.20]A single incident of lost files in a year may be acceptable loss, for instance. [08:26.05]例如，在一年中只發(fā)生一次文件丟失，這樣的損失可能是可接受的。 [08:29.91]While this is important it only addresses partial,because single virus is able to spread throughout an organization. [08:34.42]雖然這是個(gè)重要問題，這只是表明了病毒的部分問題，因?yàn)閱蝹€(gè)病毒可能傳遍整個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)。 [08:38.94]the damage that it could cause may be much greater than what could be caused by any individual computer user. [08:44.65]所以它引起的破壞就會(huì)比任何單個(gè)計(jì)算機(jī)用戶引起的破壞大的多。 [08:50.36]Limiting the number of initial vital infections of an organization is important,but it is often not feasible to prevent them entirely. [08:56.56]限制某機(jī)構(gòu)初始嚴(yán)重感染病毒的數(shù)目，是至關(guān)重要的，但對(duì)它們的完全杜絕又常常不大可能。 [09:02.77]As a result ,it is important to be able to deal with them when they occur ,and to take actions to erase them. [09:07.81]因此，重要的是，當(dāng)它們一旦發(fā)生時(shí)，有能力對(duì)付它們并能采取措施消除它們。 [09:12.85]Chapter 8 Computer Language [09:15.38]第八章 計(jì)算機(jī)語言 [09:17.92]Dialogue 1 [09:19.66]句型1 [09:21.39]A: How do you pay for your ISP service? [09:23.43]你怎么付你的ISP費(fèi)用？ [09:25.47]B:I pay for 20 hours at a time .When that is almost gone . I pay for some more. [09:29.58]我一次買20個(gè)小時(shí)，快用光時(shí)就再付。 [09:33.70]A: Where do you have to go to pay? [09:35.69]你到哪里付款？ [09:37.69]B:Oh, I just deposit the money in a postal account, so I can do it from any post office. [09:41.48]哦，我用郵政劃撥，所以任何一家郵局都可以。 [09:45.27]Dialogue 2 [09:46.55]句型2 [09:47.83]A: I think I need to find a new ISP. [09:50.43]我想我需要打一家新的網(wǎng)絡(luò)供應(yīng)商。 [09:53.03]B: Are your download times too slow with your present provider? [09:55.56]是不是目前的供應(yīng)商的下載速度太慢？ [09:58.09]A:The download times are OK. but I'm spending too much money for my Internet connection. [10:02.05]下載時(shí)間還好，只是上網(wǎng)花錢太多了。 [10:06.01]B:Maybe your ISP has some cheaper operations you could check on. [10:09.37]也許你的供應(yīng)商有比較便宜的選擇，你可以問問看。 [10:12.72]Dialogue 3 [10:14.72]句型3 [10:16.72]A: How much time do you spend on-line every month? [10:19.32]每個(gè)月你花多少時(shí)間上線？ [10:21.92]B: I pay for unlimited access, so I don't keep very close track of my hours ,How about you? [10:26.93]我買的是無限時(shí)使用，所以沒有很注意時(shí)間。你呢？ [10:31.95]A:Right now, I'm using about 12 hours every month. [10:34.57]目前我每個(gè)月大概用12小時(shí)。 [10:37.20]Dialogue 4 [10:38.64]句型4 [10:40.07]A: I keep getting a printer error every time I try to print this picture .Do you know what the problem is? [10:46.38]每次要打印這張圖，我的打印機(jī)就出問題，你知道問題在哪里嗎？ [10:52.69]B:The problem is with your printer, What I mean is that you're using a dot-matrix printer. It's not capable of printing complex graphics files. [11:01.40]問題在你的打印機(jī)。我的意思是說，你用的是點(diǎn)陣式打印機(jī)，無法印出復(fù)雜的圖畫文檔。 [11:10.11]A:So if I want to print this file, I have to get a new printer? [11:14.03]那么說我要印出這張圖，就得換臺(tái)新的打印機(jī)嗎？ [11:17.95]B: I'm afraid so. [11:19.06]恐怕如此。 [11:20.17]passage Computer Language [11:22.67]計(jì)算機(jī)語言 [11:25.16]Professional Terms [11:26.31]專業(yè)術(shù)語 [11:27.46]symbolic a. [11:29.43]符號(hào)的 [11:31.40]interactive a. [11:33.31]交互式，交互的 [11:35.22]permit v. [11:36.86]允許，許可 [11:38.51]interpreter n. [11:40.48]解釋程序 [11:42.45]numberical a. [11:44.32]數(shù)字的 [11:46.19]moderate a. [11:48.16]適度的，中等的 [11:50.13]originally ad. [11:51.98]原來，最初 [11:53.82]loosely ad. [11:55.66]松馳地，寬松地 [11:57.50]subscript n. [11:59.30]下標(biāo) [12:01.11]protect v. [12:02.91]保護(hù) [12:04.71]operand n. [12:06.49]操作數(shù)，運(yùn)算對(duì)象 [12:08.26]variable adj. [12:10.04]可變的，變量 [12:11.82]subroutine n. [12:14.15]子程序 [12:16.49]algorithmic n. [12:18.62]算法，計(jì)算 [12:20.75]commercial n. [12:22.55]商業(yè)的 [12:24.35]BASIC( Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code) is a popular interactive language that has wide-spread appeal because it is easy to use. [12:31.68]BASIC（初學(xué)者通用符號(hào)指令代碼）是一種通用交互式語言，由于易于使用，引起人們廣泛的愛好。 [12:39.01]An interactive language permits direct communication between user and computer suystem during the preparation and use of programs. [12:45.54]交互式語言能在程序的準(zhǔn)備和使用期間把用戶和計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)直接聯(lián)系起來。 [12:52.07]A problem solver with little or no knowledge of computers or programming can learn to write BASIC programs at a remoter terminal or microcomputer keyboard in a short period of time. [13:01.12]一個(gè)要解決問題的人，無論有沒有計(jì)算機(jī)或者編程知識(shí)，都能用很短的時(shí)間在遠(yuǎn)程終端或計(jì)算機(jī)鍵盤上編寫B(tài)ASIC語言程序。 [13:10.17]Notes [13:11.41]注意事項(xiàng) [13:12.65]A problem solver with little or no knowledge of computers or programming can learn to write BASIC programs at a remote terminal or mircrocomputer keyboard in a short period of time. [13:20.37]一個(gè)要解決問題的人，無論有沒有計(jì)算機(jī)或者編程知識(shí)，都能用很短的時(shí)間在遠(yuǎn)程終端或計(jì)算機(jī)鍵盤上編寫B(tài)ASIC語言程序。 [13:28.09]It is also easy to insert changes and additions into a BASIC program [13:31.58]在BASIC程序中插入修改也是很容易的。 [13:35.07]BASIC is now by far the most popular high-level language used in microcomputer system. [13:39.29]目前，BASIC是微機(jī)系統(tǒng)中最為通用的一種高級(jí)程序語言。 [13:43.51]Interpreters are generally used in microcomputer systems to translate BASIC instructions into machine-langage code. [13:49.41]解釋程序通常在微機(jī)系統(tǒng)中用來把BASIC指令翻譯成機(jī)器代碼。 [13:55.31]FORTRAN ( Formula translator) is a popular language for mathematical and scientific computation. [14:00.59]FORTRAN在數(shù)學(xué)和科學(xué)計(jì)算中是一種普遍使用的語言。 [14:05.87]Its numerical abilities are strong( particularly its ability to handle complex numbers) although it is weak in handling character strings .It is of moderate difficulty to learn and use. [14:15.35]它的數(shù)值處理能力很強(qiáng)（尤其是處理復(fù)數(shù)的能力），不過處理字符串的能力較弱，學(xué)習(xí)和使用這種語言的難度適中。 [14:24.83]BASIC is widely used in today's microcomputer systems. [14:28.36]BASIC泛用于當(dāng)今的微機(jī)系統(tǒng)中。 [14:31.88]BASIC was originally designed as a teaching language loosely based on FORTRAN and is simple to learn. [14:36.99]它最初被設(shè)計(jì)成一種教學(xué)語言，在大體上以FORTRAN為基礎(chǔ)簡單易學(xué)。 [14:42.10]However ,its capabilities are limited compared to most other high-level languages. [14:45.72]然而，與大多數(shù)其它高級(jí)語言相比較，它處理能力是有限的。 [14:49.33]The higher language goes by different names. [14:52.00]各種高級(jí)語言可依據(jù)不同的名字來區(qū)分。 [14:54.66]FORTRAN(FORmula TRANslation) was the first. [14:57.20]FORTRAN（公式翻譯）是最早出現(xiàn)的高級(jí)語言， [14:59.73]and nwo we also have ALGOL (algorithmic Language) [15:02.70]目前，我們還有ALGOL（算法語言）， [15:05.66]BASIC ( Beginner's ALL-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code) [15:08.43]BASIC（初學(xué)者通用符號(hào)指令代碼）， [15:11.20]COBOL ( Common Business Oriented Language) [15:13.60]COBOL（面向公共商業(yè)的語言）， [15:16.00]LISP(LIST Processing) PASCAL and ADA ( named after Ada Lovelace Charles Babbage's assistant) [15:22.64]LISP（表處理），PASCAL及ADA（以查爾斯·巴貝奇的助手Ada· Lovelace之名而定名）。 [15:29.28]Each has been designed to meet a particular purpose; [15:31.87]每一種語言都被設(shè)計(jì)用來滿足特定的目的： [15:34.47]FORTRAN, PASCAL ,ALGOL and BASIC are mathematically oriented. [15:38.26]FORTRAN、PASCAL、ALGOL和BASIC都是面向數(shù)學(xué)計(jì)算的。 [15:42.05]COBOL is used for commercial purposes. [15:44.02]COBOL則用于商業(yè)。

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