雙語詩歌翻譯|宋濂-《送東陽馬生序》

《送東陽馬生序》是明初宋濂送給他的同鄉(xiāng)浙江東陽縣青年馬君則的文章。在這篇贈言里，作者敘述個人早年虛心求教和勤苦學(xué)習(xí)的經(jīng)歷，勉勵青年人珍惜良好的讀書環(huán)境，專心治學(xué)。文中生動而具體地描述了自己借書求師之難，饑寒奔走之苦，并與太學(xué)生優(yōu)越的條件加以對比，有力地說明學(xué)業(yè)能否有所成就，主要在于主觀努力，不在天資的高下和條件的優(yōu)劣，這種認識在今天仍有借鑒意義。

《送東陽馬生序》 宋濂

余幼時即嗜學(xué)。家貧，無從致書以觀，每假借于藏書之家，手自筆錄，計日以還。天大寒，硯冰堅，手指不可屈伸，弗之怠。錄畢，走送之，不敢稍逾約。以是人多以書假余，余因得遍觀群書。

既加冠，益慕圣賢之道，又患無碩師名人與游，嘗趨百里外，從鄉(xiāng)之先達執(zhí)經(jīng)叩問。先達德隆望尊，門人弟子填其室，未嘗稍降辭色。余立侍左右，援疑質(zhì)理，俯身傾耳以請?；蛴銎溥尺?，色愈恭，禮愈至，不敢出一言以復(fù)。俟其欣悅，則又請焉。故余雖愚，卒獲有所聞。

當(dāng)余之從師也，負篋曳屣，行深山巨谷中。窮冬烈風(fēng)，大雪深數(shù)尺，足膚皸裂而不知。至舍，四支僵勁不能動，媵人持湯沃灌，以衾擁覆，久而乃和。寓逆旅，主人日再食，無鮮肥滋味之享。同舍生皆被綺繡，戴朱纓寶飾之帽，腰白玉之環(huán)，左佩刀，右備容臭，燁然若神人。余則缊袍敝衣處其間，略無慕艷意；以中有足樂者，不知口體之奉不若人也。蓋余之勤且艱若此。今雖耄老，未有所成，猶幸預(yù)君子之列，而承天子之寵光，綴公卿之后，日待坐，備顧問，四海亦謬稱其氏名，況才之過于余者乎？ 　　

今諸生學(xué)于太學(xué)，縣官日有廩稍之供，父母歲有裘葛之遺，無凍餒之患矣；坐大廈之下而誦《詩》《書》，無奔走之勞矣；有司業(yè)、博士為之師，未有問而不告，求而不得者也；凡所宜有之書皆集于此，不必若余之手錄，假諸人而后見也。其業(yè)有不精，德有不成者，非天質(zhì)之卑，則心不若余之專耳，豈他人之過哉？ 　　

東陽馬生君則，在太學(xué)已二年，流輩甚稱其賢。余朝京師，生以鄉(xiāng)人子謁余，撰長書以為贄，辭甚暢達。與之論辨，言和而色夷。自謂少時用心于學(xué)甚勞，是可謂善學(xué)者矣。其將歸見其親也，余故道為學(xué)之難以告之。謂余勉鄉(xiāng)人以學(xué)者，余之志也；詆我夸際遇之盛大而驕鄉(xiāng)人者，豈知予者哉！

A Farewell to Ma Junze of Dongyang
Song Lian

In my adolescence I was fond of reading. My family being poor, I had no access to books, which I had to borrow from bibliophiles, taking whole passages down before I returned them on the appointed date. Although the frigid weather caused the inkstone to be crusted with ice and made my fingers unable to bend or stretch, I could not afford to be slow. Having copied what I needed, I sent the books back to the owner, not daring to delay a single day. Thus many gentlemen were glad to lend me books, and I was fortunate enough to read over piles of them.

After I had come of age, I worshipped all the more the teachings of sages. As I feared lest I should be out of contact with great masters and notables, I had to walk a hundred li in order to seek instructions in the scriptures from an eminent local scholar. Since he possessed good virtues and enjoyed high prestige, his room was filled with pupils, before whom he never relaxed a little his severe countenance. I stood there, waiting upon him patiently. When it was the right moment, I made bold to ask him some questions to solve my puzzles and elucidate the reasons, bowing to him all the time with great attention. Or I might be given a reproval, then I became even more deferential and more submissive, not daring to utter a single word to contradict him. Only when he was good-humoured again, did I continue to ask him. Thus, stupid as I was, I gained eventually some learning.

The day when I first went to school, I, burdened with my suitcase and dragging my feet, trudged into unfrequented mountains and valleys, braving the vehement winter gale and crunching through snow several feet deep, unaware that my legs had become chapped. When I arrived at our inn, my limbs were numbed and stiff, and it was a long time before I was warmed up with the help of a servant, who gave me hot water to drink and tucked me in with a quilt. The innkeeper offered me only two meals a day, without any dainty food. My fellow students lodging in the same inn were all dressed in silk and satin, wearing hats decorated with tassels of precious stones and girded with sashes of white jade hung with swords on the left and sachets on the right, looking as bright as fairies, while I, in striking contrast, was clothed in an outworn padded robe and a shabby dress. Living among them, I was not in the least envious of their foppery. Because I was contented with the happiness of learning and was unconscious of my inferiority to others in terms of physical gratification. Such was my diligence and hardship. Although I am now stricken in years and have few achievements, I am fortunate enough to place myself in the ranks of gentlemen, bask in the grace of the Sovereign, attach myself to the retinue of nobility and wait upon the Emperor in the capacity of counselor. The whole nation also designs to blaze my name. How much more exalted must be people who are more talented than I?

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