雙語(yǔ)詩(shī)歌翻譯|李密·《陳情表》

《陳情表》為西晉李密寫(xiě)給晉武帝的奏章。文章敘述祖母撫育自己的大恩，以及自己應(yīng)該報(bào)養(yǎng)祖母的大義；除了感謝朝廷的知遇之恩以外，又傾訴自己不能從命的苦衷，真情流露，委婉暢達(dá)。該文被認(rèn)定為中國(guó)文學(xué)史上抒情文的代表作之一，有“讀諸葛亮《出師表》不流淚不忠，讀李密《陳情表》不流淚者不孝”的說(shuō)法。

李密 《陳情表》

臣密言：臣以險(xiǎn)釁，夙遭閔兇。生孩六月，慈父見(jiàn)背。行年四歲，舅奪母志。祖母劉，愍臣孤弱，躬親撫養(yǎng)。臣少多疾病，九歲不行，零丁孤苦，至于成立。既無(wú)叔伯，終鮮兄弟。門(mén)衰祚薄，晚有兒息。外無(wú)期功強(qiáng)近之親，內(nèi)無(wú)應(yīng)門(mén)五尺之童，煢煢孑立，形影相吊。而劉夙嬰疾病，常在床蓐。臣侍湯藥，未嘗廢離。

逮奉圣朝，沐浴清化。前太守臣逵，察臣孝廉。后刺史臣榮，舉臣秀才。臣以供養(yǎng)無(wú)主，辭不赴命。詔書(shū)特下，拜臣郎中，尋蒙國(guó)恩，除臣洗馬。猥以微賤，當(dāng)侍?hào)|宮，非臣隕首所能上報(bào)。臣具以表聞，辭不就職。詔書(shū)切峻，責(zé)臣逋慢，郡縣逼迫，催臣上道。州司臨門(mén)，急於星火。臣欲奉詔奔馳，則以劉病日篤，欲茍順?biāo)角?，則告訴不許。臣之進(jìn)退，實(shí)為狼狽。

伏惟圣朝以孝治天下，凡在故老，猶蒙矜育。況臣孤苦，特為尤甚。且臣少事偽朝，歷職郎署，本圖宦達(dá)，不矜名節(jié)。今臣亡國(guó)賤俘，至微至陋，過(guò)蒙拔擢，寵命優(yōu)渥，豈敢盤(pán)桓，有所希冀？但以劉日薄西山，氣息奄奄，人命危淺，朝不慮夕。臣無(wú)祖母，無(wú)以至今日；祖母無(wú)臣，無(wú)以終余年。母孫二人，更相為命，是以區(qū)區(qū)不能廢遠(yuǎn)。臣密今年四十有四，祖母劉今年九十有六，是臣盡節(jié)于陛下之日長(zhǎng)，報(bào)劉之日短也。烏鳥(niǎo)私情，愿乞終養(yǎng)。

臣之辛苦，非獨(dú)蜀之人士及二州牧伯所見(jiàn)明知，皇天后土，實(shí)所共鑒。愿陛下矜愍愚誠(chéng)，聽(tīng)臣微志。庶劉僥幸，卒保馀年。臣生當(dāng)隕首，死當(dāng)結(jié)草。臣不勝犬馬怖懼之情，謹(jǐn)拜表以聞。

Memorial to the Emperor Stating My Case
Li Mi

I, your humble subject Li Mi, have this to say: As ordained by myuntoward lot, misfortune befell me in my early childhood. Six months after mybirth, my kind father died. When I was four my mother was deprived of her willto remain in widowhood by my maternal uncle. Grandmother Liu, taking pity on myfeebleness and helplessness, brought me up all by herself. I used to beafflicted with illnesses and was unable to walk even at the age of nine, livingin loneliness and misery until I reached manhood. As I had neither paternaluncles nor brothers to render me help, I was placed in straitenedcircumstances, with no good luck ever smiling upon me, and it was not untilvery late that I begot a son. There being no close relatives outside thefamily, or a boy to answer the door in the home, I spent my days in completesolitude, with my body solaced only by my shadow. As Grandmother had long beenlaid up with sickness, I had to tend her, serving her decoctions, and neverleft her uncared for even for a single day.

With the advent of Your Majesty's holy rein, I have basked in yourbright and serene edifying influence. Previously, Magistrate Kui recommended meto the post of Xiaolian, later Prefect Rong charged me with the official dutyof Xiucai, but I was obliged to decline all these favours, as no one else couldtake care of Grandmother. Then Your Majesty's edict was issued expressly,assigning me to the position of Langzhong and before long I was graciouslyappointed by Your Majesty as a royal attendant. Being so humble in origin, Iought to have gladly waited upon His Highness the Prince, for I can never repayyour kindness sufficiently even if I lay down my life. Nevertheless, Irepresented my case in full and did not go to assume the office. Thus theensuing edicts were couched in stringent terms, condemning me for my boldprocrastination, while the country officials pressed me hard, urging me toleave at once. In addition, the prefecture functionaries came to my home,demanding my hasty departure. Although I wish to act in obedience to your edictwithout a moment's delay, yet, seeing Grandmother's disease aggravated from dayto day, I could not help following my instinctive feelings to stay on, whichwas, as I was informed, not to be allowed. My situation is indeed very awkward.

But in my humble view, Your Majesty's holy reign is based upon thepractice of filial piety, and the veteran or aged people are treated with morecompassion and care. As I am so helpless and miserable, I expect to be givenspecial consideration. Besides, I served in my youth the puppet regime at mypost in its central government. Originally I courted an exalted official rank,not quite concerned about reputation and integrity. Being a base captive takenfrom a fallen state, I am extremely insignificant and worthless. Now that Ihave had the fortune to be favoured with undue advancement, how can I presumeto hesitate and expect more? But Grandmother in her fast declining days isbreathing her last and is in momentary danger of death. But for Grandmother, Iwould not have survived, whereas without my help she cannot end her life inpeace. We too have been so strongly attached to each other in our commonexistence that for our sincere mutual affection I simply cannot be separatedfrom her, leaving her in the lurch. Now I am forty four and Grandmother isninety six. So the days are long in which I shall be able to devote myself toserving Your Majesty, whereas the time is short in which I can repayGrandmother's kindness. This instinctive feeling of mine like that of a youngcrow feeding its mother to reciprocate her love caused me to beseech you toallow me to look after her to the last. My difficulties are not only evident tothe gentry of Shu and the magistrates of the two prefectures, but can also bewitnessed by the gods of heaven and earth. I wish that Your Majesty would takepity on my stupid and sincere heart and grant my humble wish, so thatGrandmother would have the luck to spin out her remaining life. I vow that Iwill return your royal grace living or dead.

I cannot help an awestruck feeling as I am writing to Your Majestythis petition.