雙語詩歌翻譯|曹植·《洛神賦》

《洛神賦》是三國時期才子曹植的作品。《洛神賦》是曹植模仿戰(zhàn)國時宋玉《神女賦》對楚王夢巫山神女之事而作，虛構(gòu)自己在洛水邊與洛神相遇的情節(jié)，全篇想象豐富，描寫細(xì)膩，詞采流麗，對洛神的描繪，諸如“婉若游龍”、“秾纖得衷，修短合度”、“氣若幽蘭”等，皆可見巫山神女的影子。此賦“感宋玉對楚王神女之事”是對楚辭中以男女關(guān)系譬喻君臣關(guān)系的繼承，其亦屈子之志也。另一說為感甄氏而作。

曹植 《洛神賦》

黃初三年，余朝京師，還濟(jì)洛川。古人有言，斯水之神，名曰宓妃。感宋玉對楚王神女之事，遂作斯賦。其辭曰：

余從京域，言歸東藩。背伊闕，越轘轅，經(jīng)通谷，陵景山。日既西傾，車殆馬煩。爾乃稅駕乎蘅皋，秣駟乎芝田，容與乎陽林，流眄乎洛川。于是精移神駭，忽焉思散。俯則末察，仰以殊觀，睹一麗人，于巖之畔。乃援御者而告之曰：“爾有覿于彼者乎？彼何人斯？若此之艷也！”御者對曰：“臣聞河洛之神，名曰宓妃。然則君王所見，無乃日乎？其狀若何？臣愿聞之?！?/p>

余告之曰：“其形也，翩若驚鴻，婉若游龍。榮曜秋菊，華茂春松。仿佛兮若輕云之蔽月，飄飄兮若流風(fēng)之回雪。遠(yuǎn)而望之，皎若太陽升朝霞；迫而察之，灼若芙蕖出淥波。襛纖得衷，修短合度。肩若削成，腰如約素。延頸秀項，皓質(zhì)呈露。芳澤無加，鉛華弗御。云髻峨峨，修眉聯(lián)娟。丹唇外朗，皓齒內(nèi)鮮，明眸善睞，靨輔承權(quán)。瑰姿艷逸，儀靜體閑。柔情綽態(tài)，媚于語言。奇服曠世，骨像應(yīng)圖。披羅衣之璀粲兮，珥瑤碧之華琚。戴金翠之首飾，綴明珠以耀軀。踐遠(yuǎn)游之文履，曳霧綃之輕裾。微幽蘭之芳藹兮，步踟躕于山隅。于是忽焉縱體，以遨以嬉。左倚采旄，右蔭桂旗。壤皓腕于神滸兮，采湍瀨之玄芝。

余情悅其淑美兮，心振蕩而不怡。無良媒以接歡兮，托微波而通辭。愿誠素之先達(dá)兮，解玉佩以要之。嗟佳人之信修，羌習(xí)禮而明詩?？弓偒熞院陀噘猓笣摐Y而為期。執(zhí)眷眷之款實兮，懼斯靈之我欺。感交甫之棄言兮，悵猶豫而狐疑。收和顏而靜志兮，申禮防以自持。

The Goddess of the Luo
Cao Zhi

In the third year of the Huangchu (1) era, I attended court at the capital and then crossed the Luo River (2) to begin my journey home. Men in olden times used to say that the goddess of the river is named Fufei. Inspired by the example of Song Yu, who described a goddess to the king of Chu, I eventually composed a fu which read:

Leaving the capital
To return to my fief in the east,
Yi Barrier at my back,
Up over Huanyuan,
Passing through Tong Valley,
Crossing Mount Jing;
The sun had already dipped in the west,
The carriage unsteady, the horses fatigued,
And so I halted my rig in the spikenard marshes,
Grazed my team of our at Lichen Fields (3),
Idling a while by Willow Wood (4),
Letting my eyes wander over the Luo.
Then my mood seemed to change, my spirit grew restless;
Suddenly my thoughts had scattered.
I looked down, hardly noticing what was there,
Looked up to see a different sight,
To spy a lovely lady by the slopes of the riverbank.

I took hold of the coachman's arm and asked: “Can you see her? Who could she be – a woman so beautiful!”
The coachmen replied: “I have heard of the goddess of the River Luo, Whose name is Fufei. What you see, my prince — is it not she? But what does she look like? I beg you to tell me!”

And I answered:

Her body soars lightly like a startled swan,
Gracefully, like a dragon in flight,
In splendor brighter than the autumn chrysanthemum,
In bloom more flourishing than the pine in spring;
Dim as the moon mantled in filmy clouds,
Restless as snow whirled by the driving wind.
Gaze far off from a distance;
She sparkles like the sun rising from morning mists;
Press closer to examine:
She flames like the lotus flower topping the green wave.
In her a balance is struck between plump and frail.
A measured accord between diminutive and tall,
With shoulders shaped as if by carving,
Waist narrow as though bound with white cords;
At her slim throat and curving neck
The pale flesh lies open to view,
No scented ointments overlaying it,
No coat of leaden powder applied.
Cloud-bank coiffure rising steeply,
Long eyebrows delicately arched,
Red lips that shed their light abroad,
White teeth gleaming within,
Bright eyes skilled at glances,
A dimple to round off the base of the cheek —
Her rare form wonderfully enchanting,
Her manner quiet, her pose demure.
Gentle hearted, broad of mind (5),
She entrances with every word she speaks;
Her robes are of a strangeness seldom seen,
Her face and figure live up to her paintings.
Wrapped in the soft rustle of a silken garments,
She decks herself with flowery earrings of jasper and jade,
Gold and kingfisher hairpins adorning her head,
Strings of bright pearls to make her body shine.
She treads in figured slippers fashioned for distant wandering,
Airy trains of mistlike gauze in tow,
Dimmed by the odorous haze of unseen orchids,
Pacing uncertainly beside the corner of the hill.
Then suddenly she puts on a freer air,
Ready for rambling, for pleasant diversion.
To the left planting her colored pennants,
To the right spreading the shade of cassia flags,
She dips pale wrists into the holy river's brink,
Plucks dark iris from the rippling shallows.
My fancy is charmed by her modest beauty,
But my heart, uneasy, stirs with distress:
Without a skilled go-between to join us in bliss,
I must trust these little waves to bear my message.
Desiring that my sincerity first of all be known,
I undo a girdle-jade to offer as pledge.
Ah, the pure trust of that lovely lady,
Trained in ritual, acquainted with Odes (6);
She holds up a garnet stone to match my gift,
Pointing down into the depths to show where we should meet.
Clinging to a lover's passionate faith,
Yet I fear that this spirit may deceive me;
Warned by tales of how Jiaofu (7) was abandoned,
I pause, uncertain and despairing;
Then, stilling such thoughts, I turn a gentler face toward her,
Signaling that for my part I abide by the rules of ritual.

Notes:

(1) the Huangchu: i.e. 222 A.D.
(2) the Luo River: In Henan Province, so are Tong Valley and Mount Jing.
(3) Grazed my team of four at Lichen Field: Orig. — Grazed my horse on a fragrant grass field.
(4) Willow Wood: Name of a place.
(5) broad of mind: Orig. — deportment calm.
(6) with the Odes: Orig. — with poetry.
(7) Jiaofu: A character in a fairy tale who is abandoned by a goddess.