雙語(yǔ)詩(shī)歌翻譯|孫武·《孫子兵法--謀攻篇》

《孫子兵法--謀攻篇》是春秋末年的齊國(guó)人孫武的作品。謀攻篇是《孫子兵法》的第三篇，高度總結(jié)了中國(guó)古代用兵之道，具有極高的學(xué)習(xí)實(shí)踐價(jià)值。

《孫子兵法---謀攻篇》
孫子曰：凡用兵之法，全國(guó)為上，破國(guó)次之；全軍為上，破軍次之；全旅為上，破旅次之；全卒為上，破卒次之；全伍為上，破伍次之。是故百戰(zhàn)百勝，非善之善也；不戰(zhàn)而屈人之兵，善之善者也。
故上兵伐謀，其次伐交，其次伐兵，其下攻城。攻城之法為不得已。修櫓轒辒 具器械、三月而后成，距闉，又三月而后已。將不勝其忿，而蟻附之，殺士三分之一而城不拔者，此攻之災(zāi)也。
故善用兵者，屈人之兵而非戰(zhàn)也，拔人之城而非攻也，毀人之國(guó)而非久也，必以全爭(zhēng)于天下，
故兵不頓而利可全，此謀攻之法也。
故用兵之法，十則圍之，五則攻之，倍則分之，敵則能戰(zhàn)之，少則能逃之，不若則能避之。故小敵之堅(jiān)，大敵之擒也。
夫?qū)⒄?，?guó)之輔也。輔周則國(guó)必強(qiáng)，輔隙則國(guó)必弱。
故君之所以患于軍者三：
不知軍之不可以進(jìn)而謂之進(jìn)，不知軍之不可以退而謂之退，是為縻軍；
不知三軍之事而同三軍之政者，則軍士惑矣；
不知三軍之權(quán)而同三軍之任，則軍士疑矣。
三軍既惑且疑，則諸侯之難至矣，是謂亂軍引勝。
故知?jiǎng)儆形澹?br />知可以戰(zhàn)與不可以戰(zhàn)者勝；
識(shí)眾寡之用者勝；
上下同欲者勝；
以虞待不虞者勝；
將能而君不御者勝。
此五者，知?jiǎng)僦酪病?br />故曰：知己知彼，百戰(zhàn)不貽；不知彼而知己，一勝一負(fù)；不知彼不知己，每戰(zhàn)必貽。

Attacking by Stratagem

Sun Wu

Sunzi said:
Generally in war, the best policy is to take the enemy state whole and intact, to destroy it is not. To have the enemy's army surrender in its entirety is better than to crush it; likewise, to take a battalion, a company or a five-man squad intact is better than to destroy it. Therefore, to fight a hundred battles and win each and every one of them is not the wisest thing to do. To break the enemy's resistance without fighting is.

Thus, the best policy in war is to thwart the enemy's strategy. The second best is to disrupt his alliances through diplomatic means. The third best is to attack his army in the field. The worst policy of all is to attack walled cities.

Attack a walled city only when there is no alternative. For it takes at least three months to make mantlets and shielded vehicles ready and prepare the necessary arms and equipment; for it takes another three months to build the earthen mounds for soldiers to ascend the walls. The commander who loses his impatience orders his troops to assault like swarming ants, with the result that one third of his men are slain and the city remain untaken. Such is the calamity of attacking walled cities.

Therefore, he who is skilled in war subdues the enemy's army without fighting. He captures the enemy's cities without assaulting them. He overthrows the enemy kingdom without prolonged operations in the field. By taking all under heaven with his "whole and intact strategy," he wins total victory without wearing out his troops. This is the method of attacking by stratagem.

Consequently, the art of using troops is: when you outnumber the enemy ten to one, surround him; when five to one, attack him; when two to one, divide him; and if equally matched, stand up to him. (tr.: Another version of the text reads "when two to one, stand up to him; and if equally matched, divide him.") If you are fewer than the enemy in number, retreat. If you are no match for him, try to elude him. For no matter how stubbornly a small force may fight, it must in the end succumb to greater strength and fall captive to it.

The commander is the country's bulwark. His proficiency in war can make the country strong, his deficiency makes it weak.

There are three ways by which a sovereign may bring disaster to his army:

One, he arbitrarily orders his army to advance or retreat when in fact it should not, thus hampering the initiative of the army.

Two, he interferes with the administration of the army when he is ignorant of its internal affairs, thus causing confusion among the officers and men.

Three, he interferes with the officers' command, unaware of the principle that an army should adopt different tactics according to different circumstances. This will create misgivings in the minds of the officers and men.

When an army is confused and fraught with misgivings, neighboring states will take advantage of the situation and attack. This will disrupt the army and help the enemy to win.

Therefore, there are five factors to consider in anticipating which side will win, namely:

The side which knows when to fight and when not to will win;

The side which knows the difference between commanding a large army and a small army will win;

The side which has unity of purpose among its officers and men will win;

The side which engages enemy troops that are unprepared with preparedness on its own part will win; and

The side which has a capable commander who is free of interference from the sovereign will win.

Bearing these points in mind, one is able to forecast victory in a war.

Therefore I say: Know your enemy and know yourself and you can fight a hundred battles without peril. If you are ignorant of the enemy and know only yourself, you will stand equal chances of winning and losing. If you know neither the enemy nor yourself, you are bound to be defeated in every battle.