什么年齡或身體狀況會增加患嚴(yán)重COVID-19的幾率

什么年齡或身體狀況會增加患嚴(yán)重COVID-19的幾率

People age 50 and older are around 2-and-a-half times more likely to progress to a severe case of COVID-19. That's according to a new study that quantifies the risk factors that increase the odds that people infected with the coronavirus will develop a severe case of the disease.

50歲及以上的人發(fā)展成嚴(yán)重的COVID-19的可能性是一般人的2.5倍。這是根據(jù)一項(xiàng)新的研究得出的結(jié)論，該研究量化了增加冠狀病毒感染者患上嚴(yán)重疾病幾率的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素。

The research, conducted by doctors in Shanghai, is a meta-analysis that examined data from 30 studies conducted between December 2019 and Feb. 19 involving 53.000 patients with confirmed cases of COVID-19. Most of the studies were conducted in Wuhan and other Chinese cities, though the analysis did include three studies involving patients from the United States, Australia and Korea.

這項(xiàng)由上海的醫(yī)生進(jìn)行的研究是一項(xiàng)meta分析，分析了2019年12月至2月19日期間進(jìn)行的30項(xiàng)研究的數(shù)據(jù)，這些研究涉及5.3萬名確診的covid19患者。大多數(shù)研究是在武漢和中國其他城市進(jìn)行的，不過分析確實(shí)包括了三項(xiàng)涉及美國、澳大利亞和韓國患者的研究。

Cases were considered to be severe if they had symptoms such as shortness of breath requiring 30 or more breaths per minutes (12 to 20 breaths a minute is considered normal for an adult); dangerously low levels of oxygen in the blood; and radiographic evidence of lung damage that had grown by 50% or more within a 24 to 48 hour period.

如果患者出現(xiàn)呼吸急促，每分鐘需要呼吸30次或以上(成人認(rèn)為每分鐘呼吸12至20次為正常);血液中的氧氣含量低到危險(xiǎn)水平;以及在24至48小時(shí)內(nèi)肺損傷增加50%或更多的影像學(xué)證據(jù)，則視為嚴(yán)重。

Being male increased the odds of progressing to severe illness by 1.3 times, while smoking made it a little over 1 to 2-and-a-half times more likely, the study found. Overall, patients with underlying medical conditions including hypertension, diabetes and cardiovascular disease were 2 to 3 times more likely to progress to severe illness.

研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，男性患嚴(yán)重疾病的幾率增加了1.3倍，而吸煙的幾率則增加了1至2.5倍。總體而言，患有高血壓、糖尿病和心血管疾病等潛在疾病的患者發(fā)展成嚴(yán)重疾病的可能性是正常人的2至3倍。

Certain conditions raised those odds further, according to the study: For instance, people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder were anywhere from 2-and-a-half to nearly 11 times more likely to get severely ill. Kidney disease is also likely a big risk factor. While the research didn't pinpoint exactly how big that risk is, it suggested it's somewhere between 2- and 16-fold.

根據(jù)這項(xiàng)研究，某些情況進(jìn)一步提高了這些幾率:例如，患有慢性阻塞性肺疾病的人患上重病的可能性是常人的2.5倍至近11倍。腎臟疾病也可能是一個(gè)很大的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素。雖然這項(xiàng)研究并沒有精確地指出這種風(fēng)險(xiǎn)有多大，但它表明這種風(fēng)險(xiǎn)在2到16倍之間。

The researchers say the findings suggest doctors should give more attention and care to older patients with these underlying risk factors.

研究人員說，研究結(jié)果表明，醫(yī)生應(yīng)該對有這些潛在危險(xiǎn)因素的老年患者給予更多的關(guān)注和照顧。

The researchers didn't explain why certain underlying conditions appeared to make patients more vulnerable to severe COVID-19 disease, though they did say that all the conditions cited above can involve an inflammatory response from the body.

研究人員沒有解釋為什么某些潛在的情況似乎會讓患者更容易患上嚴(yán)重的COVID-19疾病，但他們確實(shí)表示，上述所有情況都可能與身體的炎癥反應(yīng)有關(guān)。

Patients with chronic kidney disease may be more vulnerable because their kidneys are already weak and damaged, and severe coronavirus infection can further damage those organs.

患有慢性腎病的患者可能更容易受到感染，因?yàn)樗麄兊哪I臟已經(jīng)很脆弱，而且嚴(yán)重的冠狀病毒感染會進(jìn)一步損害這些器官。

It's possible such patients may have missed dialysis sessions or other regular medical care because they were under quarantine or because the local medical system had to shift resources to focus on the growing epidemic.

這些病人可能錯(cuò)過了透析或其他常規(guī)醫(yī)療護(hù)理，因?yàn)樗麄儽桓綦x，或者因?yàn)楫?dāng)?shù)蒯t(yī)療系統(tǒng)不得不轉(zhuǎn)移資源來關(guān)注日益嚴(yán)重的疫情。

Other research has also suggested that people with hypertension may be at greater risk from COVID-19. However, neither that earlier study nor the current one made it clear whether the apparent elevated risk was among people whose condition was under control with medication or not, or whether they had other underlying health problems.

其他研究也表明高血壓患者可能更容易感染COVID-19.然而，無論是早期的研究還是現(xiàn)在的研究都沒有明確表明，那些病情得到藥物控制的人群是否會有這種明顯的高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，或者他們是否有其他潛在的健康問題。

"It does not make a lot of sense that if somebody is otherwise healthy and young and they have hypertension alone, that they should be at increased risk,"Dr. Mariell Jessup, chief science and medical officer at the American Heart Association, told NPR about the prior finding. However, she noted that so little is known about this coronavirus that everyone should take precautions.

“如果一個(gè)人本來就很健康、很年輕，而且只有高血壓，那么他就應(yīng)該面臨更高的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，這是說不通的。”美國心臟協(xié)會的首席科學(xué)和醫(yī)療官瑪麗·杰瑟普告訴美國國家公共電臺關(guān)于之前的發(fā)現(xiàn)。然而，她指出，對這種冠狀病毒了解甚少，所以每個(gè)人都應(yīng)該采取預(yù)防措施。

Like a lot of research on this fast-moving pandemic, the new study was released prior to peer review on a preprint server to speed up the sharing of information among scientists.

與許多關(guān)于這一迅速蔓延的流行病的研究一樣，這項(xiàng)新研究是在同行評議之前在預(yù)印本服務(wù)器上發(fā)布的，目的是加速科學(xué)家之間的信息共享。