新研究發(fā)現(xiàn) 人們平均能夠記住5000張面孔

From family and friends to strangers on the subway and public figures on 24-hour news cycles, humans recognise an astonishing 5,000 faces, scientists said in a study.

科學(xué)家在一項(xiàng)研究中指出，從親朋好友到地鐵上的陌生人，再到24小時(shí)新聞循環(huán)報(bào)道中的公眾人物，人類竟然可以分辨出5000張人臉。

Through most of history humans lived in small groups of a hundred or so individuals, a pattern that has changed drastically in recent centuries.

在歷史上的大多數(shù)時(shí)間里，人類都生活在100人左右的小型群體中，但這種模式在近幾個(gè)世紀(jì)里發(fā)生了巨大變化。

A study by scientists at Britain's University of York found that our facial recognition abilitiesallow us to process the thousands of faces we encounter in busy social environments, on our smartphones and our television screens every day.

英國(guó)約克大學(xué)的科學(xué)家進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，人類的人臉識(shí)別能力使人們能夠?qū)ψ约好刻煸诜泵Φ纳缃画h(huán)境中、智能手機(jī)里和電視屏幕上遇到的數(shù)千張面孔進(jìn)行處理。

"In everyday life, we are used to identifying friends, colleagues, and celebrities, and many other people by their faces," Rob Jenkins, from York's Department of Psychology, told AFP. "But no one has established how many faces people actually know."

約克大學(xué)心理學(xué)系的羅布·詹金斯向法新社透露：“在日常生活中，我們習(xí)慣于通過面孔辨認(rèn)朋友、同事、名人和其他許多人。但還沒有人確認(rèn)過人們究竟能識(shí)別出多少?gòu)埫婵住?rdquo;

For the study, published in the journal Proceedings of the Royal Society B, Jenkins and his team asked participants to write down as many faces they could remember from their personal lives.

這項(xiàng)研究發(fā)表在英國(guó)《皇家學(xué)會(huì)生物學(xué)分會(huì)學(xué)報(bào)》上。為了進(jìn)行該研究，詹金斯和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)要求參與者們盡可能多地記下他們能夠想起的生活中的人的面孔。

The volunteers were then asked to do the same with people they recognised but did not know personally.

接著這些志愿者被要求盡可能多地記下自己能認(rèn)出但在生活中并不認(rèn)識(shí)的人的面孔。

They were also shown thousands of images of famous people -- two photos of each to ensure consistency -- and asked which ones they recognised.

此外，研究人員還向參與者展示了數(shù)千張名人的照片--每個(gè)名人有兩張照片以確保一致性--并詢問他們認(rèn)出了其中的哪些名人。

The team found an enormous range of the number of faces each participant could recall, from roughly 1,000-10,000.

研究團(tuán)隊(duì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，每位參與者能夠回憶起的人臉的數(shù)量存在巨大差異，從大約1000張到1萬(wàn)張不等。

"We found that people know around 5,000 faces on average," Jenkins said. "It seems that whatever mental apparatus allows us to differentiate dozens of people also allows us to differentiate thousands of people."

詹金斯表示：“我們發(fā)現(xiàn)人們平均大約能識(shí)別5000張面孔?？磥?lái)，我們的思維工具能讓我們識(shí)別出幾十個(gè)人，同樣也能識(shí)別出幾千個(gè)人。”

The team said it believes this figure -- the first ever baseline of human "facial vocabulary", could aid the development of facial recognition software increasingly used at airports and criminal investigations.

研究團(tuán)隊(duì)稱，他們認(rèn)為這一數(shù)字--迄今第一個(gè)關(guān)于人類“面孔詞匯量”的基準(zhǔn)數(shù)目--可能有助于在機(jī)場(chǎng)和刑事調(diào)查中越來(lái)越多使用的面部識(shí)別軟件的開發(fā)。

It may also help scientists better understand cases of mistaken identity.

它也許還能幫助科學(xué)家們更好地理解身份被弄錯(cuò)的案例。

"Psychological research in humans has revealed important differences between unfamiliar and familiar face recognition," said Jenkins. "Unfamiliar faces are often misidentified. Familiar faces are identified very reliably, but we don't know exactly how."

詹金斯表示：“對(duì)人類的心理學(xué)研究已經(jīng)揭示了識(shí)別陌生面孔和熟悉面孔之間的重要差別。陌生面孔往往會(huì)被認(rèn)錯(cuò)，熟悉的面孔則會(huì)被非常確定地認(rèn)出，但我們不清楚其中的確切機(jī)制。”

While the team said it was focused on how many faces humans actually know, they said it might be possible for some people to continue learning to recognise an unlimited number of faces, given enough practice.

盡管研究團(tuán)隊(duì)稱此項(xiàng)研究關(guān)注的是人類究竟認(rèn)識(shí)多少?gòu)埫婵?，但他們表示，如果進(jìn)行足夠多的練習(xí)，有些人也許可以持續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)，從而識(shí)別無(wú)限數(shù)目的面孔。