北京拆除打工子弟學(xué)校疏解人口壓力

Thousands of China’s children could be out of school this autumn as Beijing begins demolishing some of the city’s largest migrant schools.

隨著北京市開(kāi)始拆除市內(nèi)一些大型打工子弟學(xué)校，今年秋天可能會(huì)有成千上萬(wàn)中國(guó)兒童面臨失學(xué)。

The demolitions come as Beijing authorities look to push out migrant workers and rein in the city’s population — a citywide “urban rectification” campaign that involves tearing down small businesses and homes.

此次拆除行動(dòng)的背景是北京市政府希望疏散外來(lái)務(wù)工人員，控制北京市人口。在一場(chǎng)在全市展開(kāi)的“城市整治”行動(dòng)中，一些小店和住房被拆除。

The campaign, which began earlier this year, has spread to Beijing’s urban fringes, where schools for migrant children face an uncertain future.

這場(chǎng)始于今年早些時(shí)候的行動(dòng)已蔓延至北京的城市邊緣，位于那里的打工子弟學(xué)校面臨著充滿(mǎn)變數(shù)的未來(lái)。

“We have hundreds of students already signed up for next year,” said Jia Yusheng, managing principal of Zhiquan School in north Beijing, which educates 700 migrant students. “If we are torn down, where do they go? We are doing all we can to look for another location.”

位于北京市北部的智泉學(xué)校(Zhiquan School)的教師姜雨聲表示：“我們有數(shù)百名學(xué)生已經(jīng)注冊(cè)了下一學(xué)年。如果我校被拆除，他們?nèi)ツ膬?我們正竭盡全力尋找別的地方。”目前有700名打工子弟在智泉學(xué)校就讀。

Beijing’s population has ballooned from 10.1m long-term residents in 2000 to 21.7m in 2016, according to census data. At least 8m of those residents lack the coveted Beijing hukou, or household registration, which entitles them to public services such as education.

人口普查數(shù)據(jù)顯示，北京市常住人口已從2000年的約1010萬(wàn)猛增至2016年的約2170萬(wàn)，其中至少有800萬(wàn)人沒(méi)有令人垂涎的北京戶(hù)口。有北京戶(hù)口才有資格享有教育等公共服務(wù)。

As a result, privately run schools — only some of which are licensed — have sprung up in Beijing’s outskirts to teach the city’s millions of migrant children. Regulatory crackdowns over the past decade have left about 100 still standing, down from several hundred.

其結(jié)果是，北京郊區(qū)涌現(xiàn)大量民辦學(xué)校、為這座城市數(shù)百萬(wàn)打工子弟提供教育，但其中僅有部分學(xué)校擁有辦學(xué)許可證。經(jīng)過(guò)過(guò)去十年的監(jiān)管整頓，數(shù)百所打工子弟學(xué)?，F(xiàn)在僅剩100所左右。

These surviving migrant schools are now imperilled by Beijing’s depopulation drive. This year Beijing’s municipal government revealed plans to cap the city’s long-term population at 23m people by 2020 and move out non-essential administrative and university facilities to nearby provinces.

北京市疏散人口的行動(dòng)如今危及到了這些幸存的打工子弟學(xué)校。今年北京市政府公布計(jì)劃，到2020年時(shí)要把常住人口控制在2300萬(wàn)，并把非必要的行政單位和大學(xué)遷出到臨近省份。

The depopulation initiative has particularly affected migrants. Beijing has begun the process of hiring thousands of police to check the identification papers of migrant workers.

這一疏散人口計(jì)劃對(duì)外來(lái)務(wù)工人員的影響尤其大。北京市已啟動(dòng)了招收數(shù)千名警察檢查外來(lái)務(wù)工人員身份證件的工作。

Small businesses, which generate 35 per cent of the city’s income and often employ workers from outside of Beijing, have been disproportionately shuttered in the urban rectification campaign. Residential areas where many migrant workers rent have been deemed “shantytowns” and torn down.

在這場(chǎng)城市整治行動(dòng)中，小商戶(hù)被關(guān)閉的比例格外的高。小商戶(hù)貢獻(xiàn)了這座城市收入的35%，且常常雇傭外來(lái)人口。許多外來(lái)務(wù)工人員租住的住宅區(qū)被認(rèn)為是“棚戶(hù)區(qū)”并遭到拆除。

“Migrant schools are unfortunately just one fragment that has been swept away by this whole depopulation wave,” said Wei Jiayu, a research director at New Citizens Group, a Beijing-based education non-profit group.

位于北京的非營(yíng)利教育項(xiàng)目“新公民計(jì)劃”的總干事魏佳羽表示：“很遺憾，打工子弟學(xué)校只是被這波人口疏散浪潮沖走的一塊碎片。”

Seven other migrant schools contacted by the Financial Times had been demolished or were facing demolition.

英國(guó)《金融時(shí)報(bào)》聯(lián)系的另外7所打工子弟學(xué)?；蛘咭驯徊鸪?，或者面臨被拆除的命運(yùn)。

“I am not going to look for another place. The school is done,” said the principal of a school in western Beijing that was recently demolished. “After 18 years, we have run into a dead end.”

北京市西部一所近期被拆除的學(xué)校的校長(zhǎng)表示：“我不打算去找別的校址。學(xué)校已經(jīng)完了。經(jīng)過(guò)了18年，我們已走入了死胡同。”

In recent years, Beijing has tightened the requirements for migrant parents who wish to enrol their children in local public schools. For the thousands of students who may not have a school to return to in the autumn, they must choose between leaving Beijing or stop attending school.

近年來(lái)，北京市收緊了對(duì)那些希望子女被本地公立學(xué)校招收的外來(lái)務(wù)工人員的要求。對(duì)成千上萬(wàn)今年秋天可能無(wú)?？煞档膶W(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)，他們必須在離開(kāi)北京和輟學(xué)之間做出選擇。

The Zhiquan School holds a licence to operate but the entire neighbourhood around the school was deemed an illegal settlement eligible for demolition. To speed up the demolitions, local authorities cut off the power and water to residents on Tuesday.

智泉學(xué)校雖擁有辦學(xué)許可證，但該校所在的整個(gè)社區(qū)被視為非法定居點(diǎn)，符合拆除規(guī)定。為加快拆除進(jìn)程，周二當(dāng)?shù)赜嘘P(guān)部門(mén)切斷了那里居民的供水供電。

Mr Jia and his colleagues bought an independent power generator in response but authorities indicated they would tow it away.

為應(yīng)對(duì)這種情況，姜雨聲和同事買(mǎi)了一臺(tái)發(fā)電機(jī)，但有關(guān)部門(mén)表示他們會(huì)把發(fā)電機(jī)拖走。

“Let them climb over the wall if they want to take our generator!” said Qin Jijie, the school’s head principal. Yet other schools have already quietly folded.

智泉學(xué)校校長(zhǎng)秦繼杰說(shuō)：“他們想拿走我們的發(fā)電機(jī)就讓他們翻墻過(guò)來(lái)拿吧!”不過(guò)，其他學(xué)校已悄無(wú)聲息地關(guān)門(mén)了。