中英關(guān)系“黃金時(shí)代”褪色
北京方面已在一系列旨在拉近中英關(guān)系的高調(diào)項(xiàng)目上態(tài)度轉(zhuǎn)冷，人們?cè)絹碓綋?dān)心，英國(guó)上一任政府贊美的中英關(guān)系“黃金時(shí)代”已經(jīng)褪色。
Chinese officials said there were now no active plans to sell further renminbi-denominated sovereign bonds after last summer’s landmark Rmb3bn ($430m) auction by the Chinese finance ministry, which raised hopes about a series of follow-up deals as part of the internationalisation of China’s currency.
中國(guó)官員表示，在去年夏季具有里程碑意義的中國(guó)財(cái)政部拍賣30億元人民幣(合4.3億美元)政府債券之后，目前沒有任何銷售更多以人民幣計(jì)價(jià)的主權(quán)債券的計(jì)劃。上次發(fā)行使人們希望，中國(guó)政府為推動(dòng)人民幣國(guó)際化，將啟動(dòng)一系列的后續(xù)債券發(fā)行計(jì)劃。
“There is no timetable for a second government bond issuance in London,” said one Chinese official. “In any case, the next one that China issues overseas will probably go to another centre, with Hong Kong under consideration. It is only fair that China diversifies its issuance locations for government bonds.”
“目前沒有第二次在倫敦發(fā)行政府債券的時(shí)間表，”一位中國(guó)官員表示。“無論如何，下一次中國(guó)在海外發(fā)行政府債券可能將選擇另一個(gè)金融中心，香港是被考慮的目的地之一。中國(guó)實(shí)行政府債券海外發(fā)行地多元化，是非常公平的。”
In addition, Chinese financiers said that a scheme to link the London and Shanghai stock exchanges had lost momentum, damping prospects of another Sino-British project advocated by George Osborne, the former UK chancellor, who made increasing commercial ties with Beijing a centrepiece of his six-year tenure.
此外，中國(guó)金融家表示，一個(gè)連接倫敦和上海證券交易所的項(xiàng)目已失去動(dòng)力，使英國(guó)前財(cái)政大臣喬治•奧斯本(George Osborne)倡導(dǎo)的另一個(gè)中英項(xiàng)目的前景變得暗淡。在其6年任期中，奧斯本把增進(jìn)對(duì)華商貿(mào)關(guān)系作為一個(gè)核心事項(xiàng)。
Chinese observers blame the changing mood in Beijing to several factors, including uncertainties following Britain’s vote to leave the EU and China’s own domestic economic concerns.
中國(guó)觀察者把北京方面的態(tài)度變化歸結(jié)為幾個(gè)因素，其中包括英國(guó)公投決定脫歐引發(fā)的不確定性和中國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)的經(jīng)濟(jì)擔(dān)憂。
But the stance of Prime Minister Theresa May’s new government, which has taken a more stand-off approach to China than predecessor David Cameron, has weighed heavily on Chinese thinking.
但英國(guó)首相特里薩•梅(Theresa May)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的新政府的立場(chǎng)，對(duì)中國(guó)的想法產(chǎn)生了很大的影響。英國(guó)新政府對(duì)中國(guó)的態(tài)度比前任首相戴維•卡梅倫(David Cameron)冷淡。
“In some areas of our engagement, the Chinese side is taking a more wait-and-see attitude following the Brexit vote,” said a second Chinese official who requested anonymity. “We do not feel the same level of enthusiasm from this government as from the Cameron-Osborne team.”
“在雙方接觸的一些領(lǐng)域，中國(guó)在英國(guó)脫歐公投之后正采取觀望的態(tài)度，”另一名要求匿名的中國(guó)官員表示。“我們從這屆政府那里沒有感受到像卡梅倫和奧斯本這對(duì)搭檔那樣的熱情。”
The Chinese singled out Mrs May’s abrupt decision in July to review the French-led £18bn Hinkley Point nuclear power plant, indicating she had national security concerns about the project. 中國(guó)特別指出了梅在去年7月突然決定重審法國(guó)公司主導(dǎo)的180億英鎊的欣克利角(Hinkley Point)核電項(xiàng)目。當(dāng)時(shí)梅暗示，她對(duì)該項(xiàng)目存在國(guó)家安全方面的擔(dān)憂。
CGN, a Chinese state energy group, has a 33 per cent stake in Hinkley, which it took with the explicit aim of winning the right to install its own technology in a subsequent nuclear power station planned for Bradwell in Essex.
中國(guó)國(guó)有能源集團(tuán)中廣核(CGN)在欣克利角項(xiàng)目中擁有33%的股權(quán)。中廣核參與該項(xiàng)目的明確目標(biāo)，是贏得在隨后計(jì)劃在埃塞克斯郡(Essex)興建的布拉德韋爾(Bradwell)核電站項(xiàng)目中使用自主設(shè)計(jì)技術(shù)的權(quán)利。
While Mrs May ultimately decided to go ahead with Hinkley, she also announced planned new restrictions on the foreign ownership of critical national infrastructure assets that Downing Street has yet to clarify. These could potentially imperil the Bradwell project.
盡管梅最終決定放行欣克利角項(xiàng)目，但她也宣布，計(jì)劃對(duì)外資入股關(guān)鍵的國(guó)家基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施資產(chǎn)實(shí)施新的限制。唐寧街尚未澄清具體限制是什么。這些限制可能會(huì)阻礙布拉德韋爾項(xiàng)目。
“Hinkley was good, but we are concerned about what comes after Hinkley with the other nuclear projects,” said one of the Chinese officials. “There is no clarity on that.”
“欣克利角項(xiàng)目很不錯(cuò)，但我們擔(dān)心該項(xiàng)目之后的其他核項(xiàng)目，”一名中國(guó)官員說。“這存在著不確定性。”
The Cameron government was heavily criticised for being too eager to appease Beijing in order to win trade. But Mark Boleat, head of policy at the City of London Corporation, said that Mrs May’s indecision over Hinkley had courted a breach in relations by wrongfooting Beijing so publicly.
卡梅倫政府因?yàn)樘释傊袊?guó)以贏得貿(mào)易機(jī)會(huì)而遭到嚴(yán)厲批評(píng)。但倫敦金融城管理當(dāng)局(City of London Corporation)政策主席包墨凱(Mark Boleat)表示，梅在欣克利角項(xiàng)目上的優(yōu)柔寡斷如此公開地讓北京方面措手不及，在英中雙邊關(guān)系中造成裂痕。
“The Chinese might decide they are dealing with someone serious and treat them accordingly,” Mr Boleat said. “But alternatively they could decide [their partners] are not predictable and draw different conclusions.”
“中國(guó)人可能判定，他們正跟認(rèn)真的人打交道，并給予相應(yīng)對(duì)待，”包墨凱說。“但是，也許他們會(huì)判定，(他們的合作伙伴)反復(fù)無常，并得出不同的結(jié)論。”
Others share Beijing’s puzzlement about the change of mood under Mrs May, particularly in light of the desire to seek new trading partners following the vote for Brexit.
其他人也像北京一樣對(duì)梅政府的態(tài)度變化感到困惑，尤其是英國(guó)在公投決定脫歐之后應(yīng)該希望尋求新的貿(mào)易伙伴。
“The Chinese are frustrated and I am not surprised,” said a former British government official. “There’s no one in the government who gets out of bed and thinks China. It’s a very old fashioned, almost Victorian view of the world.”
“中國(guó)人感到懊喪，但我對(duì)此并不驚訝，”一名前英國(guó)政府官員表示。“當(dāng)前政府中沒有一個(gè)人一早起床時(shí)，會(huì)想到中國(guó)。這是一種很老式的、近乎維多利亞時(shí)代的世界觀。”
The “golden era” was conceived by Mr Osborne as a grand bargain in which the UK would offer Chinese investors and companies access to its infrastructure markets in return for privileged treatment, including the City receiving a big share of the expanding international market for renminbi finance.
“黃金時(shí)代”是奧斯本構(gòu)想出來的一筆大交易，英國(guó)將允許中國(guó)投資者和企業(yè)進(jìn)入英國(guó)的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施市場(chǎng)，換取中國(guó)的特殊對(duì)待，比如倫敦金融城在日益擴(kuò)大的人民幣融資國(guó)際市場(chǎng)上分到很大的份額。
The Chinese sovereign bond programme was designed to signal Beijing’s official stamp of approval for London as its key non-Asian financial centre partner. Meanwhile, the so-called stock connect programme would have allowed UK-based institutional investors direct access to trade in some of China’s largest and most liquid stocks.
中國(guó)在倫敦發(fā)行主權(quán)債券，旨在表明北京方面官方認(rèn)可倫敦是其在亞洲之外關(guān)鍵的金融中心合作伙伴。同時(shí)，所謂“滬倫通”項(xiàng)目將允許駐英國(guó)的機(jī)構(gòu)投資者直接交易中國(guó)一些規(guī)模最大、流動(dòng)性最好的股票。
London Stock Exchange said that stock connect remained on track but there was no timetable for implementation.
倫敦證券交易所(LSE)表示，滬倫通仍在進(jìn)展中，但沒有開通的時(shí)間表。
“This is a long-term project, which will help domestic and international investors access markets and is a key part of the strategic partnership between our two exchanges,” said Ramesh Chhabra, head of media relations.
“這是一個(gè)長(zhǎng)期項(xiàng)目，它將幫助國(guó)內(nèi)外投資者獲得市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入，是我們兩個(gè)交易所之間的戰(zhàn)略伙伴關(guān)系的一個(gè)核心部分，”倫敦證券交易所媒體關(guān)系主管拉梅什•切布拉(Ramesh Chhabra)說。
Lord Mandelson, former Labour business secretary, said: “The relationship with China is important but it won’t be sustained of its own accord. To many in Beijing we matter less because of Brexit so we have to work all the harder to combat this perception.”
前英國(guó)商務(wù)大臣、工黨的曼德爾森勛爵(Lord Mandelson)說：“對(duì)華關(guān)系很重要，但它將不會(huì)自動(dòng)維持下去。在北京的許多人看來，由于英國(guó)脫歐，我們的重要性降低了，所以我們必須盡更大努力扭轉(zhuǎn)這一看法。”
The UK Treasury said that Beijing continued to rank highly in its priorities and that chancellor Philip Hammond had visited China more than any other country since taking office.
英國(guó)財(cái)政部表示，北京方面在其重要性排序中仍位置靠前，財(cái)政大臣菲利普•哈蒙德(Philip Hammond)自上任以來訪問中國(guó)的次數(shù)多于訪問任何其他國(guó)家。
