希臘將兌現(xiàn)反緊縮承諾 按期結(jié)束歐盟救援計(jì)劃

ATHENS — As pressure grows on Greece to reach adeal with its international creditors and avert fearsthat it will default on its huge debt, Prime MinisterAlexis Tsipras said Sunday that his governmentwould not seek an extension of a stringent bailoutprogram and would carry out its campaign pledgesto roll back austerity, but gradually.

雅典——希臘正面臨著更大的壓力來(lái)與國(guó)際債權(quán)人達(dá)成協(xié)議，減輕外界對(duì)其巨額債務(wù)將出現(xiàn)違約的擔(dān)憂。在這樣的背景下，該國(guó)總理亞歷克西斯·齊普拉斯(Alexis Tsipras)周日表示，其政府不打算延長(zhǎng)一份嚴(yán)苛的救援計(jì)劃的期限，并將兌現(xiàn)削弱財(cái)政緊縮措施的競(jìng)選承諾，但這一過(guò)程將逐步進(jìn)行。

 

 

In laying out his program in a speech to Parliament, Mr. Tsipras sought to satisfy coalitionlawmakers and supporters that his government would honor the anti-austerity pledges thatbrought it to power last month while reassuring creditors that it is prepared to move toward acompromise that keeps the economy afloat without further burdening European taxpayers.

齊普拉斯在對(duì)議會(huì)發(fā)表演講時(shí)提出了自己的此番計(jì)劃。這是為了讓組成聯(lián)合政府的黨派的議員及支持者相信，政府將兌現(xiàn)反緊縮的承諾——正是這些承諾讓齊普拉斯在上個(gè)月贏得了大選——同時(shí)向債權(quán)人保證，它已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備好了達(dá)成一個(gè)折中方案，讓經(jīng)濟(jì)維持下去，而不會(huì)進(jìn)一步為歐洲納稅人造成負(fù)擔(dān)。

Greece’s creditors — the European Commission, the European Central Bank and theInternational Monetary Fund — want the new government to seek an extension beyond Feb. 28 of the European portion of the country’s bailout of 240 billion euros, or $270 billion. Thegovernment, however, has said that despite dwindling cash reserves, it is not interested in thelatest portion of the bailout, a loan of 7 billion, because of what it sees as onerous conditions.Instead, it has said it wants a program between now and the end of May to bridge the gap andpermission to raise short-term funding by issuing treasury bills.

希臘的債權(quán)人——歐盟委員會(huì)(European Commission)、歐洲央行(European Central Bank)和國(guó)際貨幣基金組織(International Monetary Fund，簡(jiǎn)稱IMF)——希望新政府將該國(guó)2400億歐元(約合1.7萬(wàn)億元人民幣)的救援計(jì)劃中的歐洲部分在2月28日到期之后繼續(xù)延長(zhǎng)。然而，希臘政府已經(jīng)表示，盡管現(xiàn)金儲(chǔ)備不斷減少，但它對(duì)救援計(jì)劃的最新內(nèi)容——也就是一筆70億歐元的貸款——沒(méi)有興趣，因?yàn)樗J(rèn)為貸款的條件十分苛刻。相反，希臘政府表示，它尋求達(dá)成一個(gè)從現(xiàn)在到5月底的項(xiàng)目來(lái)填補(bǔ)空當(dāng)，并希望獲得許可得以通過(guò)發(fā)行國(guó)債進(jìn)行短期融資。

Mr. Tsipras said extending the bailout would be tantamount to continuing the “mistakes anddisaster” of the past, and he said his government needed “fiscal space” for discussion onrestructuring of debt.

齊普拉斯稱，延長(zhǎng)救援計(jì)劃的期限將相當(dāng)于延續(xù)過(guò)去的“錯(cuò)誤和災(zāi)難”。他還說(shuō)，政府需要討論債務(wù)重組的“財(cái)政空間”。

“We only have one commitment: to serve the interests of our people, the good of society,” hesaid, noting that it was an “irreversible decision” of his government to fulfill its promises “intheir entirety.”

“我們只有一項(xiàng)使命：服務(wù)于我們民眾的利益，還有社會(huì)公益，”他說(shuō)，并指出，“徹底地”兌現(xiàn)承諾，是他的政府做出的一個(gè)“不可逆轉(zhuǎn)的決定”。

Mr. Tsipras also pledged to replace a hated unified property tax, which combines severallevies, with a new tax on large property and to increase the tax-free threshold on annualincome to 12,000 from the current 5,000. Cracking down on tax evasion and corruptionwere also underlined as priorities.

此外，齊普拉斯保證要取消一個(gè)結(jié)合了多項(xiàng)稅費(fèi)的引發(fā)嚴(yán)重不滿的統(tǒng)一房產(chǎn)稅，取而代之的是一項(xiàng)針對(duì)大型房產(chǎn)的新稅。他還承諾把所得稅的免稅門檻從目前的年收入5000歐元提高到1.2萬(wàn)歐元。打擊逃稅和腐敗也被作為首要任務(wù)加以強(qiáng)調(diào)。

Immediate action will be taken, he said, to restore collective wage bargaining, bringing unionsback into negotiations on workers’ salaries and working conditions. He also pledged to graduallyrestore the minimum wage to 751 a month from 586.

他說(shuō)，將立刻采取行動(dòng)，恢復(fù)集體工資談判，讓工會(huì)回到關(guān)于員工薪酬和工作環(huán)境的談判當(dāng)中。他同時(shí)許諾逐步將最低工資從每月586歐元恢復(fù)到751歐元。

As a jab at Germany, which has been leading the austerity drive in Europe, Mr. Tsipras said itwas Greece’s historical duty to seek war reparations and the repayment of a loan it was forcedto make to Germany in World War II.

齊普拉斯還把矛頭指向了一直在引領(lǐng)歐洲財(cái)政緊縮行動(dòng)的德國(guó)。他說(shuō)，尋求戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)賠款，要求德國(guó)償還在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)中強(qiáng)迫希臘提供的貸款，是希臘的歷史性責(zé)任。

The Greek authorities have already met with resistance, even in France and Italy, whosegovernments have pushed back against austerity measures. A tour of European capitals lastweek by Mr. Tsipras and Finance Minister Yanis Varoufakis failed to win firm support for Greekambitions to write down a 320 billion debt burden and to revoke some of the most severecutbacks. And approval for issuing treasury bills must come from the European Central Bank,which has said it will no longer accept Greek bonds as collateral for liquidity, increasing thepressure on the country’s banks.

希臘政府已經(jīng)遇到了抵制，甚至在法國(guó)和意大利也是如此，盡管這兩個(gè)國(guó)家的政府反對(duì)財(cái)政緊縮措施。上周，齊普拉斯和財(cái)政部長(zhǎng)亞尼斯·瓦魯法基斯(Yanis Varoufakis)走訪了歐洲多國(guó)首府，但未能贏得對(duì)希臘雄心勃勃的幾項(xiàng)目標(biāo)的堅(jiān)定支持，包括減計(jì)3200億歐元的債務(wù)負(fù)擔(dān)，以及取消一些最嚴(yán)厲的減支計(jì)劃。發(fā)行短期國(guó)庫(kù)券必須獲得歐洲央行的批準(zhǔn)，而后者已經(jīng)表示，將不再接受將希臘債券作為流動(dòng)性的擔(dān)保——此舉增加了對(duì)希臘銀行的壓力。

This week promises to be even tougher for Mr. Tsipras. His radical leftist coalition, with 162lawmakers in the 300-seat Parliament, is expected to secure a confidence vote on Tuesday.But his foreign audience will be harder to win over. A day before Mr. Tsipras faces his EuropeanUnion peers at a summit meeting on Thursday, Mr. Varoufakis will meet eurozone counterpartsin Brussels and is certain to be pressed to seek an extension to Greece’s bailout. TheInternational Monetary Fund’s managing director, Christine Lagarde, and the European CentralBank’s president, Mario Draghi, will also attend, increasing the pressure.

本周對(duì)于齊普拉斯來(lái)說(shuō)將更加難熬。他的激進(jìn)左翼聯(lián)盟，在議會(huì)的300個(gè)席位中占據(jù)了162席，預(yù)計(jì)周二將贏得一場(chǎng)信任表決。不過(guò)，更加難以說(shuō)服的將是外國(guó)的聽(tīng)眾。齊普拉斯計(jì)劃在周四的峰會(huì)上與歐盟國(guó)家的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人會(huì)面，而此前一天，瓦魯法基斯將在布魯塞爾與歐元區(qū)國(guó)家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人會(huì)面，毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)會(huì)面臨延長(zhǎng)希臘救援計(jì)劃期限的壓力。IMF的總裁克里斯蒂娜·拉加德(Christine Lagarde)和歐洲央行行長(zhǎng)馬里奧·德拉吉(Mario Draghi)也將出席，進(jìn)一步對(duì)希臘施壓。

The Greek debt issue is also expected to figure on the Group of 20 finance ministers agendaon Monday and Tuesday amid growing concern about the implications for the global economy.

越來(lái)越多的人擔(dān)心希臘債務(wù)問(wèn)題會(huì)對(duì)全球經(jīng)濟(jì)造成影響，在這一背景下，預(yù)計(jì)該議題還將出現(xiàn)在周一和周二的20國(guó)集團(tuán)財(cái)長(zhǎng)會(huì)議中。

“We don’t intend to threaten stability in Europe,” Mr. Tsipras told Parliament. “Greece remainsa focus of international interest,” he said, but this time “as a protagonist, not as secondfiddle.”

“我們不打算威脅歐洲的穩(wěn)定，”齊普拉斯對(duì)議會(huì)表示。“希臘仍然是國(guó)際關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)，”他說(shuō)，但這一次是“作為主角，而不是次要角色。”

“The problem is not just Greek. It never was,” he said. “The crisis is not just Greek; it isEuropean.”

“問(wèn)題不只是希臘的，從來(lái)不是，”他說(shuō)。“危機(jī)不光是希臘的;而是整個(gè)歐洲的。”

After the speech, the opposition party New Democracy expressed concern about whether thenegotiations would be successful “after all that was heard today,” an apparent reference tothe government’s insistence on revoking some austerity measures and not seeking a bailoutextension.

在演講之后，反對(duì)黨新民主黨(New Democracy Party)表示，在“今天聽(tīng)到了這些東西之后”，他們對(duì)談判是否能成功頗為擔(dān)憂。這明顯指的是政府堅(jiān)持取消一些緊縮措施，而且不打算延長(zhǎng)救援計(jì)劃。

Already Athens is being squeezed. After last week’s decision by the European Central Bank onGreek bonds, Standard & Poor’s cut its credit rating on Greece further into junk status,to B-, and warned of a possible default or an exit from the eurozone in “the worst casescenario.” Moody’s followed suit, saying it was placing Greece “on review” for a downgrade.

雅典已然舉步維艱。歐洲央行上周對(duì)希臘債券做出決定之后，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)普爾(Standard & Poor)將已屬垃圾級(jí)的希臘信用評(píng)級(jí)進(jìn)一步下調(diào)至B-，并警告，在“最糟糕的情景下”，希臘可能會(huì)違約或退出歐元區(qū);穆迪(Moody’s)也采取了同樣的做法，宣布將把希臘放入可能下調(diào)評(píng)級(jí)的負(fù)面“觀察”名單。

Greece is expected to return to growth this year after a six-year recession that has pushedunemployment above 25 percent and slashed household incomes by a third. Last week,however, the European Commission lowered its growth forecast for Greece to 2.5 percent,from an estimate of 2.9 percent in November.

預(yù)計(jì)希臘今年將恢復(fù)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)。此前，連續(xù)六年的衰退已將該國(guó)失業(yè)率推高到25%以上，并導(dǎo)致家庭平均收入大幅減少了三分之一。然而上周，歐盟委員會(huì)把對(duì)希臘的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)預(yù)期從11月份估計(jì)的2.9%下調(diào)到了2.5%。