臺(tái)風(fēng)再襲，菲律賓吸取教訓(xùn)應(yīng)對(duì)有道

臺(tái)風(fēng)再襲，菲律賓吸取教訓(xùn)應(yīng)對(duì)有道

LEGAZPI, the Philippines — As Typhoon Hagupit churned across the Philippines on Sunday, residents of the eastern part of the island nation expressed relief that they had joined the hundreds of thousands who had evacuated to safer ground.

菲律賓黎牙實(shí)比——上周日，隨著臺(tái)風(fēng)“哈格比”(Hagupit)席卷整個(gè)菲律賓，該島國(guó)東部居民表示欣慰，因?yàn)樗麄兒推渌麛?shù)十萬(wàn)人已經(jīng)被疏散到安全地帶。

Eleanor Llaneta, 60, decided to follow the advice of her neighborhood captain and leave her home in Albay Province, on the southeastern tip of Luzon Island, on Friday, more than a day before Typhoon Hagupit made landfall.

埃莉諾·蘭尼塔(Eleanor Llaneta)現(xiàn)年60歲，她聽(tīng)從居民區(qū)負(fù)責(zé)人的建議，于上周五離開(kāi)了自己在呂宋島東南端阿爾拜省的家，比臺(tái)風(fēng)“哈格比”抵達(dá)提前了一天多時(shí)間。

In past years she might have considered staying put, but a year’s worth of news about the devastation of Typhoon Haiyan, which left more than 7,300 people dead or missing after hitting the Philippines in November 2013, convinced her that prudence was the best course.

如果是過(guò)去幾年，她可能會(huì)考慮留在家里，但臺(tái)風(fēng)“海燕”2013年11月襲擊菲律賓，導(dǎo)致逾7300人死亡或失蹤，這一年來(lái)相關(guān)新聞不斷，所以她相信，謹(jǐn)慎是最好的選擇。

“We only knew about storm surges after Tacloban,” said Ms. Llaneta, referring to the city that Haiyan left filled with mud, debris and dead bodies just over one year ago.

“塔克洛班出事之后，我們才知道有風(fēng)暴潮這種東西，”蘭尼塔說(shuō)。她指的是一年多之前，海燕襲擊塔克洛班后，這座城市變得滿(mǎn)是泥土、瓦礫和尸體。

By late Sunday, what had been classified as a super typhoon was far weaker than Haiyan was when it hit, and was continuing to weaken. The storm, which is expected to push its way across the country until Wednesday, was generating strong winds and rain, but the overall effect was not as devastating as worst-case scenarios had anticipated.

到周日晚間為止，超級(jí)臺(tái)風(fēng)“哈格比”的威力遠(yuǎn)不如“海燕”巨大，而且還在繼續(xù)減弱。預(yù)計(jì)這場(chǎng)風(fēng)暴將席卷菲律賓各地，直到周三。它帶來(lái)了強(qiáng)風(fēng)和暴雨，但整體破壞性沒(méi)有人們預(yù)期的最壞情況那么糟糕。

The government announced Sunday evening that at least three people were confirmed to have been killed by the storm, including a 1-year-old girl and a 65-year-old man who both died of hypothermia in the central province of Iloilo. The president’s office said “reports of a few casualties have unfortunately been received” from the town of Dolores, where the storm first made landfall, but the full toll there was not clear.

周日晚上，政府宣布，已經(jīng)證實(shí)至少有3人在風(fēng)暴中遇難，其中有一名1歲女孩和一名65歲的男子，兩人都是在菲律賓中部的伊洛伊洛省因?yàn)轶w溫過(guò)低喪生的。總統(tǒng)辦公室說(shuō)，“不幸收到了”來(lái)自多洛雷斯的一些傷亡報(bào)告，那是“哈格比”登陸的第一個(gè)地方，但該地的完整傷亡數(shù)字尚不清楚。

In Albay Province, Ms. Llaneta and about 560,000 others were evacuated ahead of the storm, according to local officials. As of 4 a.m. Sunday more than 1.2 million people had been evacuated nationwide, Gwendolyn Pang, secretary general of the Philippine Red Cross, wrote on Facebook.

在阿爾拜省，蘭尼塔和大約56萬(wàn)人在風(fēng)暴到來(lái)之前被疏散了，地方官員們說(shuō)。到周日凌晨四點(diǎn)，菲律賓全國(guó)有逾120萬(wàn)人被疏散，菲律賓紅十字會(huì)秘書(shū)長(zhǎng)彭美玉(Gwendolyn Pang)在Facebook上寫(xiě)道。

Hagupit is expected to hopscotch across islands as it makes its way west. Maximum sustained winds near the center had dropped to about 100 miles an hour by Sunday morning, but the slow churn over the nation could dump large amounts of rain, setting off floods and mudslides.

“哈格比”在向西部移動(dòng)的時(shí)候，預(yù)計(jì)會(huì)跳動(dòng)著穿過(guò)整個(gè)島嶼。周日早晨，近中心最大持續(xù)風(fēng)速降至約每小時(shí)100英里，但這樣的緩慢移動(dòng)可能會(huì)將大量雨水傾倒在菲律賓，引發(fā)洪水和泥石流。

With full assessments of damaged areas far from finished, the government is not ready to declare success publicly in riding out the storm. Still, officials and aid workers sounded notes of optimism that darker predictions of the storm’s destructiveness would not materialize.

受災(zāi)區(qū)域的全面評(píng)估還遠(yuǎn)未結(jié)束，政府尚不準(zhǔn)備公開(kāi)聲明已經(jīng)成功度過(guò)了這場(chǎng)風(fēng)暴。不過(guò)，官員和救援人員表現(xiàn)得很樂(lè)觀，他們覺(jué)得，關(guān)于這場(chǎng)風(fēng)暴破壞性的可怕預(yù)言不會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)。

“The picture looks O.K. so far in the daylight,” said Kate Marshall, a spokeswoman for the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. “But we still don’t know what happens when the typhoon moves northwest.”

“迄今為止，白天的狀況看上去還行，”紅十字會(huì)與紅新月會(huì)國(guó)際聯(lián)合會(huì)(International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies)發(fā)言人凱特·馬歇爾(Kate Marshall)說(shuō)。“但是，我們?nèi)匀徊恢喇?dāng)臺(tái)風(fēng)向西北移動(dòng)時(shí)，會(huì)發(fā)生什么事。”

Nearly a day after Hagupit hit, Albay had yet to record a storm-related death or serious injury, said Jukes Nunez, an Albay special operations officer. “Disaster preparedness, we want to make it part of daily life, just like brushing your teeth,” Mr. Nunez said. “We are one of the most vulnerable areas in the Philippines.”

“哈格比”登陸將近一天之后，阿爾拜尚未出現(xiàn)與風(fēng)暴相關(guān)的死亡或重傷記錄，阿爾拜的特殊行動(dòng)官員朱克斯·努涅斯(Jukes Nunez)說(shuō)。“我們希望備災(zāi)能成為日常生活中的習(xí)慣，就像刷牙一樣，”努涅斯說(shuō)。“阿爾拜是菲律賓最脆弱的地區(qū)之一。”

The Mayon volcano rises over Albay, adding a further risk of landslides to the wind, floods and storm surges that often follow typhoons. In 2006, Typhoon Durian dumped heavy rain on the area, setting off mudslides that buried villages below Mayon and killing more than 1,000 people.

馬榮火山(Mayon Volcano)矗立在阿爾拜，因此在這里，臺(tái)風(fēng)不僅可能帶來(lái)風(fēng)、洪水和風(fēng)暴潮，還會(huì)有山體滑坡的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。2006年，臺(tái)風(fēng)“榴蓮”給該地區(qū)帶來(lái)的暴雨引發(fā)了泥石流，掩埋了馬榮下面的村莊，導(dǎo)致逾千人喪生。

One significant development in disaster preparedness here is a much wider knowledge of the threat from storm surges, the walls of water pulled along by typhoons that can quickly flood low-lying coastal areas. In Tacloban last year a wall of water from Typhoon Haiyan ripped across a peninsular neighborhood known as San Jose, crumpling cement houses and causing many deaths.

這里的備災(zāi)活動(dòng)出現(xiàn)了一個(gè)顯著進(jìn)步，就是有遠(yuǎn)比從前更多的人，對(duì)臺(tái)風(fēng)帶來(lái)的風(fēng)暴潮威脅有所了解。它是臺(tái)風(fēng)卷起的巨浪，能夠迅速淹沒(méi)沿海的低洼地區(qū)。去年，在塔克洛班，臺(tái)風(fēng)“海燕”卷起的巨浪橫掃了半島上一個(gè)名為圣何塞的居民區(qū)，水泥房屋遭到損毀，導(dǎo)致很多人喪生。

An assessment of that disaster by a German government-funded sustainable development agency said that many residents in Tacloban — where the storm surge was the cause of most of the fatalities — had not been familiar with the risks and did not evacuate. “Serious warnings and more effective evacuations along the coastline could have saved many lives,” the report said.

德國(guó)政府資助的一個(gè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展機(jī)構(gòu)對(duì)那場(chǎng)災(zāi)難進(jìn)行了評(píng)估，指出在塔克洛班，導(dǎo)致絕大多數(shù)人死亡的罪魁禍?zhǔn)资秋L(fēng)暴潮，而那里的居民不了解它的威脅有多大，所以沒(méi)有撤離，“在沿岸地區(qū)發(fā)布鄭重警告，進(jìn)行更加有效的疏散，可以挽救許多人的生命，”該報(bào)告稱(chēng)。

In the year since Haiyan, residents have been exposed to much more discussion about the risks of typhoons, and evacuees in the city of Legazpi said that had contributed to their willingness to leave their homes.

在“海燕”災(zāi)難發(fā)生后的一年中，居民接觸到了更多關(guān)于臺(tái)風(fēng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的討論，黎牙實(shí)比市的撤離者說(shuō)，這種討論讓他們變得更加愿意離開(kāi)自己的家園。