新書披露教皇方濟各究竟是一個怎樣的人

Shaping a Shepherd of Catholics, From Argentine Slums to the Vatican

新書披露教皇方濟各究竟是一個怎樣的人

The most controversial incident in Jorge Mario Bergoglio’s tenure as Jesuit provincial (that is, regional superior) of Argentina came in 1976. Father Bergoglio, now Pope Francis, was a prayerful man, a charismatic leader and a priest deeply committed to the poor. As Jesuit provincial, he was also charged with the care of Jesuit priests and brothers throughout Argentina. A few years after taking office at the alarmingly young age of 36, he was faced with the thorny problem of how best to support two priests, Orlando Yorio and Franz Jalics, who had moved into a slum in Buenos Aires and were advocates for the poor in the face of brutal government opposition during Argentina’s so-called Dirty War.

豪爾赫·馬里奧·貝爾格里奧(Jorge Mario Bergoglio)擔任耶穌會阿根廷教省會長期間最具爭議的事件發(fā)生在1976年。那時，貝爾格里奧神父，也就是如今的教皇方濟各(Pope Francis)，是一個虔誠的人、一位有魅力的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者、一位致力于救助窮人的神父。作為耶穌會阿根廷教省會長，他還有責任照顧全阿根廷的耶穌會神父和兄弟。他年僅36歲就開始擔任這一職位。幾年后，他遇到了一個棘手的問題：如何最好地支持奧蘭多·約里奧(Orlando Yorio)神父和弗朗茨·亞利奇(Franz Jalics)神父，他們在阿根廷所謂的“骯臟戰(zhàn)爭”期間搬到布宜諾斯艾利斯的一個貧民窟，頂著政府的殘酷壓迫支持窮人。

Father Bergoglio supported the work of those referred to as slum priests, but warned the two of the dangers inherent in their ministries. Around the same time, Father Yorio sought approval for his final vows as a Jesuit. Because of suspicions about his work, the evaluations Father Bergoglio received from other Jesuits were largely negative. Some Jesuits in Rome, according to Austen Ivereigh, author of “The Great Reformer,” a fine new biography of Pope Francis, also believed rumors that the two were linked with guerrillas, and so their community in the slums was ordered disbanded.

貝爾格里奧神父支持這兩位貧民窟神父的工作，不過也用擔任神職工作固有的危險警告他倆。差不多在同一時期，約里奧神父想獲準作為耶穌會士做最終宣誓。由于其他耶穌會士對約里奧的工作有所懷疑，貝爾格里奧神父收到的對約里奧的評價大多是負面的。據(jù)《偉大的改革者》(The Great Reformer，一本精彩的教皇方濟各新傳記)的作者奧斯汀·伊凡里(Austen Ivereigh)稱，羅馬的某些耶穌會士也相信這兩位神父與游擊隊有牽連的傳言，所以他們在貧民窟的團體被下令解散。

As a compromise, Father Bergoglio suggested they continue their work with the poor, but live in a nearby Jesuit community. Rather than abide by his request — which they were obliged to do under their vow of obedience — the two decided to leave the Jesuits. Shortly afterward, they were captured and tortured by military forces, who held them captive for several months. Father Bergoglio worked furiously behind the scenes, going to what Mr. Ivereigh calls “extraordinary lengths” to secure their release.

作為讓步，貝爾格里奧神父建議他們住在附近的一個耶穌會社區(qū)繼續(xù)為窮人服務(wù)。他們沒有遵從他的命令——按照服從誓約，他們有義務(wù)遵從——而是決定離開耶穌會。不久之后，他們被軍事武裝抓捕，施以酷刑，被關(guān)押數(shù)月。貝爾格里奧神父暗地里拼命活動，用伊凡里的話說，“不遺余力”地爭取到他們獲釋。

Nonetheless, rumors persisted that Father Bergoglio had betrayed them. Until his death in 2000, Mr. Yorio remained bitter toward his former superior. Father Jalics, however, chose to remain a Jesuit and, ultimately, had a tearful reconciliation with his former provincial, then the archbishop of Buenos Aires. By then, it had become clear that the two had been abducted because a lay teacher who had become a guerrilla had given up their names under torture.

盡管如此，貝爾格里奧神父出賣他們的謠言依然存在。約里奧2000年去世時仍對自己的前會長充滿怨恨。不過，亞利奇神父選擇留在耶穌會，最終與他的前會長、當時的布宜諾斯艾利斯大主教含淚和解。當時，真相已經(jīng)明了：他們遭到綁架是因為游擊隊的一位非神職老師在酷刑下供出了他們。