為什么人體真的需要富含葉酸的食物?

為什么人體真的需要富含葉酸的食物?

Folate in foods and folic acid in supplements or are formed through a number of important biochemical reactions in the body. This vitamin B9 is responsible for the synthesis of red blood cells. It helps prevent anemia, cardiovascular disease and kidney problems. Here are the effects of folic acid.

食物中的葉酸和補充劑中的葉酸都是通過身體中一些重要的生化反應(yīng)形成的。這種維生素B9負責紅細胞的合成。它有助于預(yù)防貧血、心血管疾病和腎臟問題。以下是葉酸的作用。

1. Can reduce the risk of neural tube defects in children

能降低兒童神經(jīng)管缺陷的風險

Neural tube defects (NTDs) are a common complex birth defect of the central nervous system (CNS). This is due to incomplete neural tube completion during embryonic development.

神經(jīng)管缺損(NTDs)是一種常見的復(fù)雜的先天性中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)缺損。這是由于胚胎發(fā)育期間神經(jīng)管不完全完成。

Only 1% of babies born with an unsealed nerve tube do not have a disability. The rest often lose sensation in the skin, deformities in the hips, knees and legs. They have a reduced ability to walk, loss of control over urination, and often require surgical intervention. Folic acid supplements are recommended for all affected women during pregnancy.

只有1%的神經(jīng)管未封閉的嬰兒沒有殘疾。其余的人通常皮膚失去知覺，臀部、膝蓋和腿部畸形。他們走路能力下降，無法控制排尿，經(jīng)常需要手術(shù)治療。建議所有受影響的孕婦在懷孕期間補充葉酸。

2. Can prevent cardiovascular diseases (CVDs)

可預(yù)防心血管疾病(CVDs)

Studies are concerned about the role of homocysteine amino acids in cardiovascular diseases. Even increasing homocysteine levels do not increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. Although when the disease forms, folic acid can be one of the effective treatment nutrients.

研究關(guān)注的是同型半胱氨酸氨基酸在心血管疾病中的作用。即使增加同型半胱氨酸水平也不會增加心血管疾病的風險。雖然當疾病形成時，葉酸是一種有效的治療營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)。

The link between them is still under study. But there is an opinion that homocysteine can cause blood clots, dilate blood vessels and thicken artery walls.

它們之間的聯(lián)系仍在研究中。但有一種觀點認為，同型半胱氨酸會導(dǎo)致血凝塊、血管擴張和動脈壁增厚。

3. May reduce the risk of cancer

可以降低患癌癥的風險

Folate plays a key role in the synthesis of DNA and RNA, methylation and cell division. All these processes are very important for the functioning of the body. The overall manifestation of these molecular errors is cancer.

葉酸在DNA和RNA的合成、甲基化和細胞分裂中起關(guān)鍵作用。所有這些過程對身體的功能都非常重要。這些分子錯誤的總體表現(xiàn)就是癌癥。

It is thought that cancer arises from DNA destruction and the uncontrolled activation of genes. Because of folate's role in DNA and RNA synthesis and methylation, insufficient intake of folic acid will contribute to cancer. Lack of nucleotides and defect repair processes of DNA can promote tumor growth.

人們認為，癌癥是由DNA破壞和不受控制的基因激活引起的。由于葉酸在DNA和RNA的合成和甲基化中的作用，葉酸攝入不足會導(dǎo)致癌癥。缺乏核苷酸和DNA缺陷修復(fù)過程可以促進腫瘤生長。

4. Can treat anemia in women and children

能治療婦女兒童貧血

Folic acid helps produce red blood cells (RBCs) that help carry oxygen throughout the body. If the body does not produce enough red blood cells it can cause anemia.

葉酸有助于產(chǎn)生紅細胞，幫助將氧氣輸送到全身。如果身體不能產(chǎn)生足夠的紅血球，就會導(dǎo)致貧血。

Anemia develops abnormally with 40% more in folic acid deficiency women than in control women. These results suggest the role of folate in the RBCs process.

葉酸缺乏癥的婦女比正常對照組的婦女多40%患貧血。這些結(jié)果表明葉酸在紅細胞再生過程中的作用。

5. Folic acid is necessary for pregnant women and children

葉酸對孕婦和兒童都是必需的

Because it is essential for DNA and protein synthesis, folate plays a fundamental role in fetal growth and development. That is why folate needs increase for pregnant women. When enough folic acid is present, the embryonic cells differentiate into tissues and organs.

由于葉酸對DNA和蛋白質(zhì)的合成至關(guān)重要，因此它在胎兒的生長和發(fā)育中起著至關(guān)重要的作用。這就是為什么孕婦需要增加葉酸的原因。當葉酸足夠多時，胚胎細胞分化成組織和器官。

The neural tube is one of the earliest formed structures. First of all, this structure is flattened but then develops into tubules only 1 month after the fetus forms. This neural tube grows into the brain and spinal cord.

神經(jīng)管是最早形成的結(jié)構(gòu)之一。首先，這個結(jié)構(gòu)是扁平的，但在胎兒形成1個月后就發(fā)展成小管。這個神經(jīng)管生長到大腦和脊髓。

When there is not enough folic acid, the cells in this structure cannot grow fully and the differentiation of the neural tube into the spinal cord and brain is not complete.

葉酸不足時，該結(jié)構(gòu)中的細胞不能充分生長，神經(jīng)管向脊髓和大腦的分化也不完全。

In addition, the results of observational studies suggest that folic acid may be needed during labor. Folic acid supplementation may prevent preterm delivery. It can also prevent miscarriage, stillbirth, multiple pregnancy, etc.

此外，觀察研究結(jié)果表明，在分娩過程中可能需要葉酸。補充葉酸可預(yù)防早產(chǎn)。它還可以防止流產(chǎn)，死產(chǎn)，多胎妊娠等。

Studies seem to care and recommend folic acid supplements for a period of 1 year before trying to get pregnant.

研究似乎關(guān)注并建議在試圖懷孕前服用葉酸1年。