最近,你的朋友圈被這些畫刷屏了嗎?這是騰訊公益平臺(tái)中一個(gè)名為“用藝術(shù)點(diǎn)亮生命”的慈善項(xiàng)目。用戶可以在“小朋友畫廊”H5頁面欣賞并購買25位“小朋友”的畫作。
Altogether, 36 works of art were available from artists 11 to 37 years old, and buyers could save a digital copy.
頁面中總共有36副畫作,作者年齡在11到37歲之間,購買者可以將電子畫保存在手機(jī)里。
The works were painted by autistic people and sold via Tencent's charitable platform. Money collected will be donated to a project called "Enlighten life with art", which aims to eliminate social prejudice and help people with disabilities such as autism, cerebral palsy and Down syndrome.
這些畫均由自閉癥患者繪制,并通過騰訊公益平臺(tái)出售。所得錢款將捐贈(zèng)給“用藝術(shù)點(diǎn)亮生命”項(xiàng)目,該項(xiàng)目旨在消除社會(huì)偏見,幫助有自閉癥、腦癱以及唐氏綜合征等精神障礙的患者。
用戶購買畫作后,可以通過H5給這群特殊的“小朋友”文字留言鼓勵(lì)和支持他們,還能聽到作者的錄音。
Many WeChat users shared their newly bought paintings on their personal pages. Some even changed their phone's wallpaper.
許多微信用戶在朋友圈分享他們新買的畫。有人甚至把它們?cè)O(shè)為手機(jī)壁紙。
騰訊公益稱,用戶每購買一副畫,就相當(dāng)于向“用藝術(shù)點(diǎn)亮生命”公益項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行捐贈(zèng)。該項(xiàng)目自8月17日發(fā)起以來,已籌得善款超過1500萬元。
Donations since the project began totaled more than 15 million yuan. About 5.8 million people participated.
該項(xiàng)目自發(fā)起以來獲得的捐款已經(jīng)超過1500萬元,約有580萬人參與其中。
By noon on Tuesday, 2 million people had participated and donated 8.4 million yuan. But the donation page was closed at 4 pm after the target of 15 million yuan was reached.
29日截至中午前,有兩百萬人參與活動(dòng),捐款達(dá)840萬元。但在實(shí)現(xiàn)1500萬元的籌款目標(biāo)后,捐款頁面于當(dāng)日下午4點(diǎn)關(guān)閉。
這項(xiàng)公益活動(dòng)引發(fā)了巨大的社會(huì)反響,用一種頗具創(chuàng)意的方式喚醒了普通人對(duì)自閉癥患者的關(guān)注。
據(jù)2015年發(fā)布的《中國自閉癥教育康復(fù)行業(yè)發(fā)展?fàn)顩r報(bào)告》顯示,自上世紀(jì)以來,自閉癥在中國經(jīng)歷了由罕見病到流行病的轉(zhuǎn)變;中國自閉癥患病率和世界其他國家相似,約為1%,自閉癥患者已超1000萬,0到14歲的兒童患者達(dá)200余萬。
自閉癥患者被稱為“星星的孩子”,因?yàn)榫拖裉焐系男切且粯?,他們始終活在自己的世界里,獨(dú)自閃爍。他們有視力卻不愿與人對(duì)視,有語言能力卻很難溝通交流,有聽力卻總是充耳不聞,因?yàn)闊o法與外界接觸而普遍缺乏社會(huì)的理解和關(guān)愛。
與日益龐大的自病癥確診人群相比,對(duì)于自閉癥公眾其實(shí)知之甚少。你知道4月2日是“世界自閉癥日”嗎?自閉癥就是害羞、不愛說話嗎?自閉癥可以治愈嗎?自閉癥患者等于天才嗎?如果你愿意走進(jìn)他們的世界,下面這段視頻有助于了解這些問題:
自閉癥就是害羞、不愛說話嗎?
自閉癥,全名自閉癥譜系障礙(Autism Spectrum Disorder),涵蓋自閉癥和阿斯伯格綜合征,是一組復(fù)雜的腦發(fā)育障礙,體現(xiàn)為社交溝通互動(dòng)能力缺失,以及有限、重復(fù)的興趣和活動(dòng)。
Autism Spectrum Disorder affects how people communicate with and relate to others. This isn't the same as being shy or not knowing what to say.
自閉癥譜系障礙會(huì)影響患者與他人的溝通相處。這和害羞以及不會(huì)聊天無關(guān)。
Most people with autism don't understand some of the basic social conventions that others take for granted.
普通人會(huì)想當(dāng)然地接受基本的社會(huì)社交習(xí)俗,但是大多數(shù)自閉癥患者卻無法理解。
They might have trouble making eye contact, holding a conversation, or recognizing gestures.
他們可能無法進(jìn)行眼神交流、與他人對(duì)話或理解社交手勢(shì)的意義。
Over one-third of people with ASD are nonverbal, meaning they don't use speech.
1/3的自閉癥患者不用語言溝通,也就是說,他們不會(huì)說話。
Along with communication issues, people with autism often like to follow certain patterns or repeated behaviors.
除了交流障礙之外,自閉癥患者還喜歡遵循某種特定的模式或重復(fù)的行為。
Many have a sensitivity to bright light or loud noises, and others have physical problems, like trouble walking or picking up small objects.
許多患者對(duì)強(qiáng)光或噪音敏感,或有其他生理問題,比如行動(dòng)或撿東西時(shí)不方便。
自閉癥能治愈嗎?
由于自閉癥的病癥有很多種,沒有哪兩個(gè)自閉癥患者的情況是相同的,所以過去他們經(jīng)常被診斷為其他病,比如:阿斯伯格綜合征。這種病的患者會(huì)對(duì)某個(gè)話題尤為著迷,不懂社交動(dòng)作的暗示,或者不理解什么是適當(dāng)?shù)纳缃恍袨椤?/p>
In 2013, the scientists realized that the boundary between Asperger Syndrome and some of the other disorders was fuzzy, so they decided to put them all under one name.
2013年,科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)阿斯伯格綜合征和其他一些精神障礙區(qū)別不大,所以決定將他們歸為一類疾病。
由此一來,確認(rèn)自閉癥就更加容易了,這種歸類意義深遠(yuǎn),因?yàn)樵皆绱_診,患者就能越早得到幫助。
In fact, many children who have autism will show signs by two years old, including not responding to their name, avoiding eye contact and flapping their hands or rocking repeatedly.
事實(shí)上,很多自閉癥患兒在兩歲時(shí)就會(huì)顯露出自閉傾向,比如對(duì)自己的名字沒有反應(yīng)、避免眼神接觸以及甩手或不停搖擺。
自閉癥診斷年齡平均在5-7歲之間。盡管自閉癥無法完全治愈,但心理咨詢和藥物治療可以幫助患者進(jìn)行調(diào)節(jié),科學(xué)家們也在通過臨床試驗(yàn)尋找其他療法。
為什么會(huì)得自閉癥?
目前,科學(xué)家們還不清楚自閉癥真正的致病原因。
Autism is over four times more common in boys than girls, and most scientists think genes play a role because it often runs in families.
自閉癥在男孩中的發(fā)病率是女孩的4倍,大多數(shù)科學(xué)家認(rèn)為自閉癥與基因有關(guān),因?yàn)檫@種疾病通常是家族性的。
Some people with ASD have abnormal chromosomes but this can't be the whole story. There are people with the same gene changes who don't have autism.
一些自閉癥患者擁有非正常染色體,但我們不能就此一概而論。因?yàn)橛行碛型瑯臃钦H旧w的人卻沒有自閉癥。
Other possible causes include having older parents, being exposed to high levels of testosterone in the womb, and having complications during pregnancy or birth.
其他可能的病因包括,胎兒出生時(shí)父母年事過高,在子宮內(nèi)接觸的睪酮含量過高,或母親在懷孕生產(chǎn)期間,胎兒出現(xiàn)并發(fā)癥。
It may even have something to do with gut bacteria, since many autistic people have gastrointestinal issues.
自閉癥甚至可能和腸道細(xì)菌有關(guān),因?yàn)楹芏嘧蚤]癥患者都有腸胃問題。
But mostly, it's a combination of many factors.
但自閉癥主要還是由多項(xiàng)因素導(dǎo)致的。
不是每一個(gè)自閉癥患者都是天才!
自閉癥題材的影視作品不在少數(shù)。電影《雨人》中,主角的哥哥就是一個(gè)擁有超強(qiáng)記憶力的自閉癥患者,《心靈捕手》中沉默寡言的數(shù)學(xué)天才也患有自閉癥……這些形銀屏象似乎讓大眾覺得,自閉癥患者往往在某些方面具有超人的才華,但事實(shí)真的是這樣嗎?
Some have intellectual disabilities, but above half have average or above average IQs.
一些自閉癥患者存在智力問題,但一半以上的患者智商處于平均水平,或高于常人。
It's also common for people with autism to have a great long-term memory for certain details, and many excel in math, science, music or arts.
同樣常見地,自閉癥患者會(huì)對(duì)一些細(xì)節(jié)擁有強(qiáng)大的長期記憶,許多患者尤其擅長數(shù)學(xué)、科學(xué)、音樂或藝術(shù)。
但是,自閉癥人群并不必然在某方面有過人的天賦,很多自閉癥患者并沒有特殊才能,甚至智商低于常人。這種精神疾病給他們的學(xué)業(yè)、工作、社交帶來了巨大的負(fù)面影響,限制了他們參與社會(huì)及日?;顒?dòng)的能力。對(duì)于一些輕度自閉癥患者來說,他們可以在早期干預(yù)的幫助下找到獨(dú)立生活及工作的方法,但更多的自閉癥患者則終身需要他人照料。
自閉癥的確證率正在逐年提高,但這并不意味著這種病越來越普及。相反,這是因?yàn)樵絹碓蕉嗟娜苏J(rèn)識(shí)到了自閉癥的存在,并盡早得到了確診。提高對(duì)自閉癥的意識(shí)至關(guān)重要,因?yàn)榛颊咴皆绫淮_診,就能越早對(duì)癥治療。更重要的是,對(duì)待自閉癥患者,我們要給予他們與普通人同等的尊重、公平與機(jī)會(huì)。這樣才能幫助他們適應(yīng)社會(huì),健康成長。