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雙語·曼斯菲爾德莊園 第三卷 第八章

所屬教程:譯林版·曼斯菲爾德莊園

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2022年05月11日

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Could Sir Thomas have seen all his niece's feelings, when she wrote her first letter to her aunt, he would not have despaired; for though a good night's rest, a pleasant morning, the hope of soon seeing William again, and the comparatively quiet state of the house, from Tom and Charles being gone to school, Sam on some project of his own, and her father on his usual lounges, enabled her to express herself cheerfully on the subject of home, there were still, to her own perfect consciousness, many drawbacks suppressed. Could he have seen only half that she felt before the end of a week, he would have thought Mr. Crawford sure of her, and been delighted with his own sagacity.

Before the week ended, it was all disappointment. In the first place, William was gone. The Thrush had had her orders, the wind had changed, and he was sailed within four days from their reaching Portsmouth; and during those days she had seen him only twice, in a short and hurried way, when he had come ashore on duty. There had been no free conversation, no walk on the ramparts, no visit to the dockyard, no acquaintance with the Thrush—nothing of all that they had planned and depended on. Everything in that quarter failed her, except William's affection. His last thought on leaving home was for her. He stepped back again to the door to say, “Take care of Fanny, mother. She is tender, and not used to rough it like the rest of us. I charge you, take care of Fanny.”

William was gone; and the home he had left her in was—Fanny could not conceal it from herself—in almost every respect the very reverse of what she could have wished. It was the abode of noise, disorder, and impropriety. Nobody was in their right place, nothing was done as it ought to be. She could not respect her parents as she had hoped. On her father, her confidence had not been sanguine, but he was more negligent of his family, his habits were worse, and his manners coarser, than she had been prepared for. He did not want abilities; but he had no curiosity, and no information beyond his profession; he read only the newspaper and the navy-list; he talked only of the dockyard, the harbour, Spithead, and the Motherbank; he swore and he drank, he was dirty and gross. She had never been able to recall anything approaching to tenderness in his former treatment of herself. There had remained only a general impression of roughness and loudness; and now he scarcely ever noticed her, but to make her the object of a coarse joke.

Her disappointment in her mother was greater; there she had hoped much, and found almost nothing. Every flattering scheme of being of consequence to her soon fell to the ground. Mrs. Price was not unkind—but, instead of gaining on her affection and confidence, and becoming more and more dear, her daughter never met with greater kindness from her than on the first day of her arrival. The instinct of nature was soon satisfied, and Mrs. Price's attachment had no other source. Her heart and her time were already quite full; she had neither leisure nor affection to bestow on Fanny. Her daughters never had been much to her. She was fond of her sons, especially of William, but Betsey was the first of her girls whom she had ever much regarded. To her she was most injudiciously indulgent. William was her pride; Betsey, her darling; and John, Richard, Sam, Tom, and Charles occupied all the rest of her maternal solicitude, alternately her worries and her comforts. These shared her heart; her time was given chiefly to her house and her servants. Her days were spent in a kind of slow bustle; always busy without getting on, always behindhand and lamenting it, without altering her ways; wishing to be an economist, without contrivance or regularity; dissatisfied with her servants, without skill to make them better, and whether helping, or reprimanding, or indulging them, without any power of engaging their respect.

Of her two sisters, Mrs. Price very much more resembled Lady Bertram than Mrs. Norris. She was a manager by necessity, without any of Mrs. Norris's inclination for it, or any of her activity. Her disposition was naturally easy and indolent, like Lady Bertram's; and a situation of similar affluence and do-nothingness would have been much more suited to her capacity than the exertions and self-denials of the one which her imprudent marriage had placed her in. She might have made just as good a woman of consequence as Lady Bertram, but Mrs. Norris would have been a more respectable mother of nine children on a small income.

Much of all this Fanny could not but be sensible of. She might scruple to make use of the words, but she must and did feel that her mother was a partial, ill-judging parent, a dawdle, a slattern, who neither taught nor restrained her children, whose house was the scene of mismanagement and discomfort from beginning to end, and who had no talent, no conversation, no affection towards herself; no curiosity to know her better, no desire of her friendship, and no inclination for her company that could lessen her sense of such feelings.

Fanny was very anxious to be useful, and not to appear above her home, or in any way disqualified or disinclined, by her foreign education, from contributing her help to its comforts, and therefore set about working for Sam immediately, and by working early and late, with perseverance and great despatch, did so much that the boy was shipped off at last, with more than half his linen ready. She had great pleasure in feeling her usefulness, but could not conceive how they would have managed without her.

Sam, loud and overbearing as he was, she rather regretted when he went, for he was clever and intelligent, and glad to be employed in any errand in the town; and though spurning the remonstrances of Susan, given as they were—though very reasonable in themselves, with ill-timed and powerless warmth, was beginning to be influenced by Fanny's services and gentle persuasions; and she found that the best of the three younger ones was gone in him; Tom and Charles being at least as many years as they were his juniors distant from that age of feeling and reason, which might suggest the expediency of making friends, and of endeavouring to be less disagreeable. Their sister soon despaired of making the smallest impression on them; they were quite untameable by any means of address which she had spirits or time to attempt. Every afternoon brought a return of their riotous games all over the house; and she very early learnt to sigh at the approach of Saturday's constant half holiday.

Betsey, too, a spoiled child, trained up to think the alphabet her greatest enemy, left to be with the servants at her pleasure, and then encouraged to report any evil of them, she was almost as ready to despair of being able to love or assist; and of Susan's temper she had many doubts. Her continual disagreements with her mother, her rash squabbles with Tom and Charles, and petulance with Betsey, were at least so distressing to Fanny that, though admitting they were by no means without provocation, she feared the disposition that could push them to such length must be far from amiable, and from affording any repose to herself.

Such was the home which was to put Mansfield out of her head, and teach her to think of her cousin Edmund with moderated feelings. On the contrary, she could think of nothing but Mansfield, its beloved inmates, its happy ways. Everything where she now was in full contrast to it. The elegance, propriety, regularity, harmony—and perhaps, above all, the peace and tranquillity of Mansfield, were brought to her remembrance every hour of the day, by the prevalence of everything opposite to them here.

The living in incessant noise was, to a frame and temper delicate and nervous like Fanny's, an evil which no superadded elegance or harmony could have entirely atoned for. It was the greatest misery of all. At Mansfield, no sounds of contention, no raised voice, no abrupt bursts, no tread of violence, was ever heard; all proceeded in a regular course of cheerful orderliness; everybody had their due importance; everybody's feelings were consulted. If tenderness could be ever supposed wanting, good sense and good breeding supplied its place; and as to the little irritations sometimes introduced by aunt Norris, they were short, they were trifling, they were as a drop of water to the ocean, compared with the ceaseless tumult of her present abode. Here everybody was noisy, every voice was loud (excepting, perhaps, her mother's, which resembled the soft monotony of Lady Bertram's, only worn into fretfulness). Whatever was wanted was halloo'd for, and the servants halloo'd out their excuses from the kitchen. The doors were in constant banging, the stairs were never at rest, nothing was done without a clatter, nobody sat still, and nobody could command attention when they spoke.

In a review of the two houses, as they appeared to her before the end of a week, Fanny was tempted to apply to them Dr. Johnson's celebrated judgment as to matrimony and celibacy, and say, that though Mansfield Park might have some pains, Portsmouth could have no pleasures.

托馬斯爵士若能知道外甥女給姨媽寫第一封信時的心情,也就不會感到絕望了。范妮好好睡了一夜,早晨覺得挺愉快的,還有望很快再見到威廉,加上湯姆和查爾斯都上學去了,薩姆在忙自己的什么事,父親像往常那樣到處閑逛,因而家里處于比較安靜的狀態(tài),她也就能用明快的言辭來描繪她的家庭。然而她心里十分清楚,還有許多令她不快的事情,她不想讓他們知道。她回家住了不到一個星期便產生的想法,做姨父的若能知道一半,就會認為克勞福德先生定會把她弄到手,就會為自己的英明決策而沾沾自喜。

還不到一個星期,她就大為失望了。首先是威廉走了。“畫眉號”接到了命令,風向也變了,來到樸次茅斯后的第四天,他便跟著出海了。在這幾天里,她只見到哥哥兩次,而且他上岸來總是公務在身,剛剛見面,便匆匆別去。他們沒能暢快地談談心,沒能到大堤上散散步,沒能到海軍船塢去參觀,沒能去看看“畫眉號”——總之,原來所計劃、所期盼的事一樣都沒實現(xiàn)。除了威廉對她的情意之外,其他的一切都讓她失望。他離家的時候,想到的還是她。他又回到門口說:“照顧好范妮,媽媽。她比較脆弱,不像我們那樣過慣了艱苦的生活。拜托你了,把范妮照顧好。”

威廉走了。他離開后的這個家——范妮不得不承認——幾乎在各方面都與她希望的正相反。這是一個吵吵鬧鬧、亂七八糟、沒有規(guī)矩的人家。沒有一個人是安分守己的,沒有一件事是做得妥當?shù)摹K裏o法像自己希望的那樣敬重父母。她對父親本來就沒抱多大希望,但是他比她想象的還要對家庭不負責任,他的習性比她想象的還要壞,他的言談舉止比她想象的還要粗俗。他并不是沒有才干,但是除了他那個行當以外,他對什么都不感興趣,對什么都不了解。他只看報紙和海軍軍官花名冊。他只愛談論海軍船塢、海港、斯皮特黑德和母親灘[1]。他愛罵人,好喝酒,又臟又粗野。她想不起來他過去曾經關心過自己。她對他只有一個總的印象:粗里粗氣,大喊大叫。現(xiàn)在他對她幾乎不屑一顧,只是拿她開個粗俗的玩笑。

她對母親更加失望。她原來對母親寄予很大的希望,卻幾乎完全失望了。她對母親的種種美好的期望很快便徹底落空了。普萊斯太太并非心狠——但是,她對女兒不是越來越好,越來越知心,越來越親切,范妮再沒有遇到母親對自己像剛來的那天晚上那樣客氣。自然的本能已經得到了滿足,普萊斯太太的情感再也沒有其他來源。她的心、她的時間早已填滿了,既沒有閑暇又沒有情感用到范妮身上。她從來就不怎么看重她的那些女兒。她喜愛的是她的兒子們,特別是威廉。不過,貝齊算是第一個受到她疼愛的女兒。她對貝齊嬌慣到極不理智的地步。威廉是她的驕傲,貝齊是她的心肝,約翰、理查德、薩姆、湯姆和查爾斯分享了她余下的母愛,時而為他們擔憂,時而為他們高興。這些事分別占據(jù)了她的心,她的時間主要用到了她的家和仆人身上。她的日子都是在慢吞吞的忙亂中度過的,總是忙而不見成效,總是拖拖拉拉不斷埋怨,卻又不肯改弦更張;心里倒想做個會過日子的人,卻又不會算計,沒個條理;對仆人不滿意,卻又沒有本事改變他們,對他們不管是幫助,還是責備,還是放任自流,都得不到他們的尊敬。

和兩個姐姐相比,普萊斯太太并不怎么像諾里斯太太,而更像伯特倫夫人。她管理家務是出于不得已,既不像諾里斯太太那樣喜歡管,也不像諾里斯太太那樣勤快。她的性情倒像伯特倫夫人,天生懶懶散散。她那不慎的婚姻給她帶來了這種終日操勞、自我克制的生活,她若是能像伯特倫夫人那樣家境富足,那樣無所事事,那對她的能力來說要合適得多。她可以做一個像伯特倫夫人一樣體面的有身份的女人,而諾里斯太太卻可以憑著微薄的收入做一個體面的九個孩子的母親。

這一切范妮自然能意識得到。她可以出于慎重不說出來,但她必然而且的確覺得母親是個偏心眼、不辨是非的母親,是個懶散邋遢的女人,對孩子既不教育,又不約束。她的家里里外外都是一片管理不善的景象,令人望而生厭;她沒有才干,笨嘴拙舌,對自己也沒有感情。她不想更多地了解母親,不稀罕母親的友情,無心讓母親陪伴,不然的話,她的重重心事也許會減輕一些。

范妮很想做點事情,不愿意讓人覺得自己比一家人優(yōu)越,覺得自己由于在外邊受過教育,就不適合或不樂意幫助做點家務事。因此,她立即動手給薩姆做起活來。她起早貪黑,堅持不懈,飛針走線地趕著。等薩姆最后登船遠航的時候,他所需要的大部分內衣都做好了。她為自己能給家里幫點忙而感到異常高興,同時又無法想象家里沒有了她怎么能行。

薩姆盡管嗓門大,盛氣凌人,但他走的時候,她還真有些舍不得,因為他聰明伶俐,有什么差事派他進城他都樂意去。蘇珊給他提什么意見,雖然意見本身都很合理,但是由于提的不是時候,態(tài)度比較生硬,他連聽都不要聽。然而,范妮對他的幫助和循循善誘,開始對他產生了影響。范妮發(fā)現(xiàn),他這一走,走掉了三個小弟弟中最好的一個。湯姆和查爾斯比他小得多,因此在感情上和理智上還遠遠不能和她做朋友,而且也不會少惹人嫌。他們的姐姐不久便失去了信心,覺得自己再怎么努力也觸動不了他們。她情緒好或是有空的時候,曾勸導過他們,可是他們什么話都聽不進。每天下午放學后,他們都要在家里玩起各種各樣大吵大鬧的游戲。過了不久,每逢星期六下午這個半天假來臨的時候,她都不免要唉聲嘆氣。

貝齊也是個被慣壞了的孩子,把字母表視為不共戴天的敵人。父母一邊由著她和仆人們一起廝混,一邊又縱容她隨意說他們的壞話。范妮幾乎要絕望了,感到無法愛貝齊,也無法幫貝齊。對于蘇珊的脾氣,她也是滿懷疑慮。蘇珊不斷地和媽媽鬧意見,動不動就和湯姆、查爾斯吵嘴,對貝齊發(fā)脾氣。這些現(xiàn)象至少讓范妮覺得心煩。雖然她承認蘇珊并不是沒有來由,但她又擔心,喜歡如此爭吵不休的人,決不會對人和藹可親,也決不會給她帶來平靜。

就是這樣一個家,她原想用這個家把曼斯菲爾德從自己的頭腦中擠走,并且學會克制住自己對埃德蒙表哥的感情。但恰恰相反,她現(xiàn)在念念不忘的正是曼斯菲爾德,是那里那些可愛的人,是那里的歡快氣氛。這里的一切與那里形成了鮮明的對照。這里樣樣與那里截然不同,使她無時無刻不想起曼斯菲爾德的風雅、禮貌、規(guī)范、和諧——尤其是那里的平靜與安寧。

對于范妮這種單薄的軀體、怯懦的性情來說,生活在無休止的喧鬧聲中無疑是巨大的痛苦,即使給這里加上風雅與和諧,也彌補不了這種痛苦。這是世上最大的痛苦。在曼斯菲爾德,從來聽不到爭搶什么東西的聲音,聽不到大喊大叫,聽不到有人突然發(fā)作,聽不到什么人胡蹦亂跳。一切都秩序井然,喜氣洋洋。每個人都有應有的地位,每個人的意見都受到尊重。如果在哪件事情上缺乏溫柔體貼的話,那取而代之的便是健全的見識和良好的教養(yǎng)。至于諾里斯姨媽有時導致的小小的不快,與她現(xiàn)在這個家的不停吵鬧相比,那真是又短暫又微不足道,猶如滴水與滄海之比。在這里,人人都在吵鬧,個個都在大喊大叫。(也許她媽媽是個例外,她說起話來像伯特倫夫人一樣輕柔單調,只不過由于備受生活的磨難,聽起來有幾分煩躁不安。)要什么東西都是大聲呼喊,仆人們從廚房里辯解起來也是大聲呼喊。門都在不停地砰砰作響,樓梯上總有人上上下下,做什么事都要磕磕碰碰,沒有一個人老老實實地坐著,沒有一個人講話會有人聽。

根據(jù)這一個星期的印象,范妮把兩個家庭做了對比。她想借用約翰遜博士關于結婚和獨身的著名論斷[2],來評論這兩個家庭:雖然在曼斯菲爾德莊園會有一些痛苦,但在樸次茅斯卻沒有任何快樂。

* * *

[1]位于英格蘭南部懷特島東北沿岸的海灘,系英國當年與東印度群島進行貿易的大貨船的泊地。

[2]約翰遜博士,即塞繆爾·約翰遜(Samuel Johnson,1709—1784),英國作家、評論家。他在其中篇傳奇《阿比西尼亞國拉塞斯王子傳》第二十六章中有這樣一句話:“結婚有許多痛苦,但獨身卻沒有快樂?!?/p>

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